Gomphus floccosus
Encyclopedia
Gomphus floccosus, sometimes known as the shaggy-, scaly-, or woolly chanterelle or woolly gomphus, is a cantharelloid mushroom. The genus has been determined to be polyphyletic, which will more than likely lead to this species being renamed in the future. It forms ectomycorrhizal relationships
with various types of conifer; fruiting bodies may be found in coniferous woodlands across Eastern Asia, from Korea to Pakistan, and in North America, more frequently in the west, in late summer and autumn. The orange-capped vase- or trumpet-shaped fruiting structures may reach 20 cm (8 in) high and 15 cm (6 in) wide; though mild tasting, they cause gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when consumed.
by Singer. Its specific epithet is derived from the Latin
floccus 'flock of wool'. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek
'γομφος' gomphos meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-shaped nail'. An alternate combination of Turbinellus floccosus was proposed by Earle in 1909.
5–15 cm (2–6 in) in diameter and colored various shades of reddish- to yellowish-orange. The spore-bearing undersurface
is irregularly folded or ridged rather than gilled and is pale buff or yellowish to whitish in color. The height of the fruiting body is around 8–20 cm (3–8 in), and there is no clear demarcation between cap and stalk
. The spore print
is brownish, the spores
ellipsoid with dimensions of 12.4–16.8 x 5.8–7.3 μm
.
(Pseudotsuga), fir
(Abies), Pine
(Pinus) and Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Fruiting bodies may be found in coniferous forests in North America, particularly the western states in late summer and autumn. They are most abundant in rainy parts of the Pacific Northwest
. It also occurs through Asia, having been recorded from Korea, China, Tibet, Nepal, India, and Pakistan.
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant....
with various types of conifer; fruiting bodies may be found in coniferous woodlands across Eastern Asia, from Korea to Pakistan, and in North America, more frequently in the west, in late summer and autumn. The orange-capped vase- or trumpet-shaped fruiting structures may reach 20 cm (8 in) high and 15 cm (6 in) wide; though mild tasting, they cause gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when consumed.
Taxonomy
Gomphus floccosus was first described in 1832 by American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz as Cantherellus floccosus, but in 1945 it was transferred to GomphusGomphus (fungus)
Gomphus is a small genus of cantharelloid fungi in the family Gomphaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in temperate regions, and contains 10 species. Once presumed to be related to chanterelles, molecular study has shown them to be allied with stinkhorns and fairy clubs...
by Singer. Its specific epithet is derived from the Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
floccus 'flock of wool'. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
'γομφος' gomphos meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-shaped nail'. An alternate combination of Turbinellus floccosus was proposed by Earle in 1909.
Description
Adult fruiting bodies are trumpet- or vase-shaped with a scaly capPileus (mycology)
The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus...
5–15 cm (2–6 in) in diameter and colored various shades of reddish- to yellowish-orange. The spore-bearing undersurface
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia or...
is irregularly folded or ridged rather than gilled and is pale buff or yellowish to whitish in color. The height of the fruiting body is around 8–20 cm (3–8 in), and there is no clear demarcation between cap and stalk
Stipe (mycology)
thumb|150px|right|Diagram of a [[basidiomycete]] stipe with an [[annulus |annulus]] and [[volva |volva]]In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal...
. The spore print
Spore print
thumb|300px|right|Making a spore print of the mushroom Volvariella volvacea shown in composite: mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; cap removed after 24 hours showing pinkish-tan spore print...
is brownish, the spores
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. In grills under a cap of one common species in the phylum of...
ellipsoid with dimensions of 12.4–16.8 x 5.8–7.3 μm
Micrometre
A micrometer , is by definition 1×10-6 of a meter .In plain English, it means one-millionth of a meter . Its unit symbol in the International System of Units is μm...
.
Distribution and habitat
The fungus appears to form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various conifers including Douglas-firDouglas-fir
Douglas-fir is one of the English common names for evergreen coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. Other common names include Douglas tree, and Oregon pine. There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico, and two in eastern Asia...
(Pseudotsuga), fir
Fir
Firs are a genus of 48–55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. They are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range...
(Abies), Pine
Pine
Pines are trees in the genus Pinus ,in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species.-Etymology:...
(Pinus) and Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Fruiting bodies may be found in coniferous forests in North America, particularly the western states in late summer and autumn. They are most abundant in rainy parts of the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...
. It also occurs through Asia, having been recorded from Korea, China, Tibet, Nepal, India, and Pakistan.
Toxicity
Consumption may result in nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The onset may be delayed by up to 8–14 hours. A compound known as α-tetradecylcitric acid (norcaperatic acid) has been isolated from this species and may be the toxic agent.External links
- “Gomphus floccosus” Healing-Mushrooms.net, June, 2008.