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Firs (Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen
Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaf all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
 conifers
Pinophyta

The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxon within the Plant. They are Conifer cone-bearing seed plants with Vascular plant tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs....
 in the family Pinaceae
Pinaceae

The family Pinaceae , is in the order Pinales and includes many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, Tsugas, larches, pines and spruces....
. All are tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, reaching heights of 10-80 m (30-260 ft) tall and trunk diameters of 0.5-4 m (2-12 ft) when mature.






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Abgragra Top
Abies Cone & Bits
Firs (Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen
Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaf all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
 conifers
Pinophyta

The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxon within the Plant. They are Conifer cone-bearing seed plants with Vascular plant tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs....
 in the family Pinaceae
Pinaceae

The family Pinaceae , is in the order Pinales and includes many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, Tsugas, larches, pines and spruces....
. All are tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, reaching heights of 10-80 m (30-260 ft) tall and trunk diameters of 0.5-4 m (2-12 ft) when mature. Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by their needle-like leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
, attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup; and by erect, cylindrical cones
Conifer cone

A cone is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta that contains the plant sexuality structures. The familiar woody cone is the female cone, which produces seeds....
 5-25 cm (2-10 in) long that disintegrate at maturity to release the winged seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s. Identification of the species is based on the size and arrangement of the leaves, the size and shape of the cones, and whether the bract scales of the cones are long and exserted, or short and hidden inside the cone. They are most closely related to the cedar
Cedar

Cedar is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are most closely related to the Firs , sharing a very similar cone structure....
s (Cedrus). Firs are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountain
Mountain

A mountain is a landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill....
s over most of the range.

Firs are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including Chionodes abella
Chionodes

Chionodes is a genus of moths of the family Gelechiidae. This large group has representatives in most parts of the world. Many species of this genus utilize Douglas fir as a host plant....
 (recorded on White Fir
White Fir

White Fir is a fir native to the mountains of western North America, occurring at altitudes of 900-3,400 m. It is a medium to large evergreen Pinophyta tree growing to 25-60 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to two m....
), Autumnal Moth
Autumnal Moth

The Autumnal Moth is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the Palearctic region and the Near East and has a much wider distribution than its two close relatives ....
, Conifer Swift
Korscheltellus

Korscheltellus is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. It consists of two widespread species, the familiar Common Swift of Europe and the Conifer Swift of Canada and the eastern United States....
 (a pest of Balsam Fir
Balsam Fir

The balsam fir is a North American fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada and the northeastern United States .It is a small to medium-size evergreen tree typically 14-20 m tall, rarely to 27 m tall, with a narrow conic crown....
), The Engrailed
Engrailed

'The Engrailed' is a moth of the family Geometridae. Some authors split this moth into two species: E. bistortata 'The Engrailed' and E....
, Grey Pug
Grey Pug

The Grey Pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the Palearctic region and the Near East.The forewings of this species are grey marked with pale fascia and radial lines which give it a mottled appearance....
, Mottled Umber
Mottled Umber

The Mottled Umber is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species throughout the Palearctic region and the Near East.The female of this species is wingless and rather spider-like and can be found on the trunks and stems of its larval food plants....
 and Pine Beauty
Pine Beauty

The Pine Beauty is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common species of pine woods in Europe.The forewings are typically rich orange brown, but sometimes are dark grey, with two large pale glossary of Lepidopteran termsta and fine streaks along the Glossary of Lepidopteran terms....
.

Douglas-fir
Douglas-fir

Douglas-fir is the English name applied in common to evergreen Pinophyta trees of the genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico, and two in eastern Asia....
s are not true firs, being of the genus Pseudotsuga.

Classification

  • Section Balsamea (Taiga|boreal Asia and North America, and high mountains further south)
    • Abies fraseri
      Fraser Fir

      Abies fraseri is a species of fir native to the mountains of the eastern United States. It is closely related to Abies balsamea , of which it has occasionally been treated as a subspecies or a variety ....
       - Fraser Fir
    • Abies balsamea
      Balsam Fir

      The balsam fir is a North American fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada and the northeastern United States .It is a small to medium-size evergreen tree typically 14-20 m tall, rarely to 27 m tall, with a narrow conic crown....
       - Balsam Fir
      • Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis - Bracted Balsam Fir
    • Abies bifolia
      Subalpine Fir

      The Subalpine Fir or Rocky Mountain Fir is a western North American fir, native to the mountains of Yukon, British Columbia and western Alberta in Canada; southeastern Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, northeastern Nevada, and the Trinity Alps in northwestern California in...
       - Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir
    • Abies lasiocarpa
      Subalpine Fir

      The Subalpine Fir or Rocky Mountain Fir is a western North American fir, native to the mountains of Yukon, British Columbia and western Alberta in Canada; southeastern Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, northeastern Nevada, and the Trinity Alps in northwestern California in...
       - Coast Range Subalpine Fir
      • Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica - Corkbark Fir
    • Abies sibirica
      Siberian Fir

      Siberian Fir is a coniferous evergreen tree native to the taiga east of the Volga River and south of 67?40' North latitude through Turkestan, northeast Xinjiang, Mongolia and Heilongjiang....
       - Siberian Fir
    • Abies sachalinensis - Sakhalin Fir
    • Abies koreana
      Korean Fir

      Korean Fir is a fir native to the higher mountains of South Korea, including Jeju-do island. It grows at altitudes of 1,000-1,900 m in temperate rain forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall....
       - Korean Fir
    • Abies nephrolepis - Khinghan Fir
    • Abies veitchii
      Veitch's Fir

      Veitch's Fir , also known as Veitch's Silver Fir, is a fir native to Japan on the islands of Honshu and Shikoku. It lives in moist soils in cool wet mountain forests at elevations of 1500?2800 m....
       - Veitch's Fir
      • Abies veitchii var. sikokiana - Shikoku Fir


  • Section Grandis (western North America to Mexico and Guatemala, lowlands in north, moderate altitudes in south)
    • Abies grandis
      Grand Fir

      Grand Fir or Giant Fir is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, occurring at altitudes of sea level to 1,800 m. It is a large evergreen Pinophyta tree growing to 40-70 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m....
       - Grand Fir or Giant Fir
      • Abies grandis var. idahoensis - Interior Grand Fir or Giant Fir
    • Abies concolor
      White Fir

      White Fir is a fir native to the mountains of western North America, occurring at altitudes of 900-3,400 m. It is a medium to large evergreen Pinophyta tree growing to 25-60 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to two m....
       - White Fir
      • Abies concolor subsp. lowiana - Low's White Fir
    • Abies durangensis
      Abies durangensis

      Abies durangensis is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family.It is found only in Mexico....
       - Durango Fir
      • Abies durangensis var. coahuilensis - Coahuila Fir
    • Abies flinckii - Jalisco Fir
    • Abies guatemalensis - Guatemalan Fir


  • Section Abies (central, south & east Europe, Asia Minor)
    • Abies nebrodensis
      Sicilian Fir

      Sicilian Fir is a fir native to the Monti Nebrodi and Madonie mountains in northern Sicily. It is a medium-size evergreen Pinophyta tree growing to 15-25 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m....
       - Sicilian Fir
    • Abies alba
      Silver Fir

      Silver Fir or European Silver Fir is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains, and south to southern Italy and northern Serbia, where it intergrades with the closely related Bulgarian Fir....
       - Silver Fir
    • Abies borisii-regis
      Bulgarian Fir

      Abies borisii-regis is a species of fir native to the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula, in Bulgaria, northern Greece, the Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Serbia....
       - Bulgarian Fir
    • Abies cephalonica
      Greek Fir

      Greek Fir is a fir native to the mountains of Greece, primarily in the Peloponnesos and the island of Kefallinia, intergrading with the closely related Bulgarian Fir further north in the Pindus mountains of northern Greece....
       - Greek Fir
    • Abies nordmanniana
      Nordmann Fir

      Nordmann Fir is a fir native to the mountains south and east of the Black Sea, in Turkey, Georgia , Russian Caucasus and northern parts of Armenia....
       - Nordmann Fir or Caucasian Fir
      • Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani - Kazdagi Fir, Turkish Fir
      • Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana - Uludag Fir
    • Abies cilicica
      Abies cilicica

      Abies cilicica is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family.It is found in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey....
       - Cilician Fir, Taurus Fir


  • Section Piceaster (southern Spain, northwest Africa)
    • Abies pinsapo
      Spanish Fir

      Abies pinsapo is a species of fir native to southern Spain and Morocco. In Spain it is limited to altitudes of 1100-2000 m in the Sierra de Grazalema in the province of C?diz and the Sierra de las Nieves near Ronda in the province of M?laga....
       - Spanish Fir
      • Abies pinsapo var. marocana - Moroccan Fir
    • Abies numidica - Algerian Fir


  • Section Momi (east & central Asia, Himalaya, generally at low to moderate altitudes)
    • Abies kawakamii - Taiwan Fir
    • Abies homolepis
      Nikko Fir

      Nikko Fir is a fir native to the mountains of central and southern Honshu and Shikoku, Japan. It grows at altitudes of 700-2,200 m, often in temperate rain forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall....
       - Nikko Fir
    • Abies recurvata - Min Fir
      • Abies recurvata var. ernestii - Min Fir
    • Abies firma
      Momi Fir

      Momi Fir is a species of fir native to central and southern Japan, growing at low to moderate altitudes of 50-1600 m.It is a medium-sized to large evergreen Pinophyta tree growing to 50 m tall and 2 m in trunk diameter, with a broad conical crown of straight branches rising at an angle of about 20? above horizontal....
       - Momi Fir
    • Abies beshanzuensis
      Baishanzu Fir

      Abies beshanzuensis is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family.It is found only in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China....
       - Baishanzu Fir
    • Abies holophylla
      Manchurian Fir

      Manchurian Fir , also called Needle Fir, is a species of fir native to mountainous regions of northern Korea, southern Primorsky Krai, and China in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning....
       - Manchurian Fir
    • Abies chensiensis
      Shensi Fir

      Shensi Fir is a fir native to Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan in People's Republic of China and Arunachal Pradesh in India....
       - Shensi Fir
      • Abies chensiensis subsp. salouenensis - Salween Fir
    • Abies pindrow
      Pindrow Fir

      The Pindrow Fir or West Himalayan Fir is a fir native to the western Himalaya and adjacent mountains, from northeast Afghanistan east through northern India to central Nepal....
       - Pindrow Fir
    • Abies ziyuanensis - Ziyuan Fir


  • Section Amabilis (Pacific coast mountains, North America and Japan, in high rainfall mountains)
    • Abies amabilis
      Pacific Silver Fir

      Pacific Silver Fir is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, occurring in the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range from the extreme southeast of Alaska, through western British Columbia, Washington and Oregon, to the extreme northwest of California....
       - Pacific Silver Fir
    • Abies mariesii
      Maries' Fir

      Maries' Fir is a fir native to the mountains of central and northern Honshu, Japan. It grows at altitudes of 750-1,900 m in northern Honshu, and 1,800-2,900 m in central Honshu, always in temperate rain forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and very heavy winter snowfall....
       - Maries' Fir


  • Section Pseudopicea (Sino-Himalayan mountains, at high altitude)
    • Abies delavayi - Delavay's Fir
    • Abies fabri - Faber's Fir
    • Abies forrestii - Forrest's Fir
    • Abies chengii - Cheng's Fir
    • Abies densa - Bhutan Fir
    • Abies spectabilis - East Himalayan Fir
    • Abies fargesii
      Abies fargesii

      Abies fargesii is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family.It is found only in China....
       - Farges' Fir
    • Abies fanjingshanensis - Fanjingshan Fir
    • Abies yuanbaoshanensis - Yuanbaoshan Fir
    • Abies squamata - Flaky Fir


  • Section Oiamel (Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
    , high altitudes in mountains)
    • Abies religiosa
      Sacred Fir

      Sacred Fir is a fir native to the mountains of central and southern Mexico and western Guatemala. It grows at high altitudes of 2,100-4,100 m in cloud forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers and dry winters in most of its habitat regime but in the state of Veracruz to the east it grows with precipitations all year long....
       - Sacred Fir
    • Abies vejarii
      Abies vejarii

      Abies vejarii is a species of fir native northeastern Mexico, in the states of Coahuila and Nuevo Le?n, where it grows at high altitudes in the Sierra Madre Oriental....
       - Vejar's Fir
      • Abies vejarii var. mexicana - Mexican Fir
    • Abies hickelii - Hickel's Fir
      • Abies hickelii var. oaxacana - Oaxaca Fir


  • Section Nobilis (western USA
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    , high altitudes)
    • Abies procera
      Noble Fir

      The Noble Fir is a western North American fir, native to the Cascade Range and Coast Range mountains of extreme northwest California and western Oregon and Washington in the United States....
       - Noble Fir
    • Abies magnifica
      Red Fir

      The Red Fir is a western North American fir, native to the mountains of southwest Oregon and California in the United States.Description...
       - Red Fir
      • Abies magnifica var. shastensis - Shasta Red Fir


  • Section Bracteata (California
    California

    California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
     coast)
    • Abies bracteata
      Bristlecone Fir

      The Bristlecone Fir or Santa Lucia Fir is a rare fir, confined to slopes and the bottoms of rocky canyons in the Santa Lucia Mountains on the central coast of California, USA....
       - Bristlecone Fir


  • Section incertae sedis
    • Abies milleri - (Extinct) Early Eocene


Uses

The wood
Wood

Wood is an organic material; in the strict sense wood is produced as secondary xylem in the stems of woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs, etc....
 of most firs is considered unsuitable for general timber
Timber

Timber may refer to:* Lumber, i.e. wood materials* Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Oregon* Timber , a 1984 arcade game by Bally Midway...
 use, and is often used as pulp or for the manufacture of plywood
Plywood

Sorry, no overview for this topic
 and rough timber. Because this species has no insect or decay resistance qualities after logging, it is generally recommended for construction purposes as indoor use only (ex. indoor drywall framing). This wood left outside can not be expected to last more than 12-18 months depending on the type of climate it is exposed to. It is commonly referred to as several different names which include North American timber, SPF (spruce, pine, fir) and whitewood. Nordmann Fir
Nordmann Fir

Nordmann Fir is a fir native to the mountains south and east of the Black Sea, in Turkey, Georgia , Russian Caucasus and northern parts of Armenia....
, Noble Fir
Noble Fir

The Noble Fir is a western North American fir, native to the Cascade Range and Coast Range mountains of extreme northwest California and western Oregon and Washington in the United States....
, Fraser Fir
Fraser Fir

Abies fraseri is a species of fir native to the mountains of the eastern United States. It is closely related to Abies balsamea , of which it has occasionally been treated as a subspecies or a variety ....
 and Balsam Fir
Balsam Fir

The balsam fir is a North American fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada and the northeastern United States .It is a small to medium-size evergreen tree typically 14-20 m tall, rarely to 27 m tall, with a narrow conic crown....
 are very popular Christmas tree
Christmas tree

File:Christmas Tree.JPGThe Christmas tree is one of the most popular traditions associated with the celebration of Christmas. Normally an evergreen Pinophyta tree that is brought into a home or used in the open, a Christmas tree is decorated with Christmas lights and colourful Christmas ornaments during the days around Christmas....
s, generally considered to be the best trees for this purpose, with aromatic foliage that does not shed many needles on drying out. Many are also very decorative garden trees, notably Korean Fir
Korean Fir

Korean Fir is a fir native to the higher mountains of South Korea, including Jeju-do island. It grows at altitudes of 1,000-1,900 m in temperate rain forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall....
 and Fraser Fir, which produce brightly coloured cones even when very young, still only 1-2 m (3-6 ft) tall. Other fir trees can grow anywhere between 30 and 236 feet tall.

External links



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