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Hymenium

 
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Hymenium
 
 
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The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore
Hymenophore

A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungi fruiting body. Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae , folds, tubes, or teeth....
 of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia
Basidium

A basidium is a microscopic, spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota....
 or asci
Ascus

An ascus is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in Ascomycota fungi. On average, asci normally contain 8 ascospores, produced by a meiosis cell division followed, in most species, by a mitosis cell division....
, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses
Paraphyses

Paraphyses - a technical anatomical term for part of the fertile spore-bearing layer in certain fungi. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated into specia...
 (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama
Trama

Trama may refer to:* Trama , the genus of the Hemiptera family Aphididae* Trama , a sterile layer of hyphae in the central part of a hymenophore, supportive Biological tissue of the hymenium.....
, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore.

The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist amongst the macroscopic Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is one of two large phylum that, together with the Ascomycota, comprise the subkingdom Dikarya within the Kingdom Fungi. More specifically the Basidiomycota include mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, cantharellus, Geastraceae, smut , common bunt, rust , mirror yeasts, and the...
 and Ascomycota
Ascomycota

The Ascomycota are a Phylum of the kingdom Fungi, and subkingdom Dikarya, whose members are commonly known as the Sac Fungi. They are the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 30,000 species....
.









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The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore
Hymenophore

A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungi fruiting body. Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae , folds, tubes, or teeth....
 of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia
Basidium

A basidium is a microscopic, spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota....
 or asci
Ascus

An ascus is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in Ascomycota fungi. On average, asci normally contain 8 ascospores, produced by a meiosis cell division followed, in most species, by a mitosis cell division....
, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses
Paraphyses

Paraphyses - a technical anatomical term for part of the fertile spore-bearing layer in certain fungi. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated into specia...
 (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama
Trama

Trama may refer to:* Trama , the genus of the Hemiptera family Aphididae* Trama , a sterile layer of hyphae in the central part of a hymenophore, supportive Biological tissue of the hymenium.....
, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore.

The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist amongst the macroscopic Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is one of two large phylum that, together with the Ascomycota, comprise the subkingdom Dikarya within the Kingdom Fungi. More specifically the Basidiomycota include mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, cantharellus, Geastraceae, smut , common bunt, rust , mirror yeasts, and the...
 and Ascomycota
Ascomycota

The Ascomycota are a Phylum of the kingdom Fungi, and subkingdom Dikarya, whose members are commonly known as the Sac Fungi. They are the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 30,000 species....
.

  • In agaric
    Agaric

    An agaric is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus that is clearly differentiated from the stipe , with lamellae on the underside of the pileus....
    s the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills.
  • In bolete
    Bolete

    A bolete is a type of fungus fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus that is clearly differentiated from the stipe , with a spongy surface of pores on the underside of the pileus....
    s it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes.
  • In puffball
    Puffball

    A puffball is a member of any of a number of groups of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The puffballs were previously treated as a taxonomic group called the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage....
    s it is internal.
  • In stinkhorn
    Stinkhorn

    The Phallaceae are a family of fungi, commonly known as stinkhorn mushrooms. Belonging to the fungal order Phallales, the Phallaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical regions....
    s it develops internally and then is exposed in the form of a foul-smelling gel.
  • In cup fungi, it is on the concave surface of the cup.
  • In teeth fungi
    Tooth fungus

    Tooth fungi are a relatively small polyphyly group of fungi whose mushroom bears its spores on a hymenium - a layer of "mother cell " -Although many tooth fungi are hard and inedible, some are prized both for their flavor and their ease of identification, such as Hericium erinaceus, the "bearded tooth mushroom"....
    , it grows on the outside of tooth-like spines.

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External links


  • Hymenium of an ascomycete, Monilinia fructicola
  • Hymenium of a basidiomycete, Russula laurocerasi