Germania Inferior

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Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior was a Roman

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
province located on the left bank of the Rhine

Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, in today's southern and western Netherlands

Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
, parts of Flanders

Flanders

Flanders is a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied....
, and Nordrhein-Westfalen

North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
left of the Rhine. The principal settlements of the province were Castra Vetera and Colonia Ulpia Traiana (both near Xanten

Xanten

Xanten is a historic town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel . Xanten is known for the Archaeological Park , its mediaeval picturesque city centre with Xanten Cathedral and many museums, its large man-made lake for various watersport activities as well as high standard of living....
), Coriovallum (Heerlen

Heerlen

Heerlen is a city and a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands The municipality is the second largest in the province of Limburg . It forms part of Parkstad Limburg, , an agglomeration of about 220,000 inhabitants....
), Albaniana (Alphen aan den Rijn

Alphen aan den Rijn

Media:Nl-Alphen aan den Rijn.ogg is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, between Leiden and Utrecht ....
), Lugdunum Batavorum (Katwijk

Katwijk

Media:Nl-Katwijk.ogg is a coastal municipality and town in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands....
), Forum Hadriani

Forum Hadriani

Forum Hadriani, at the modern town of Voorburg, was the northern-most Ancient Rome city on the European continent and the second oldest city of The Netherlands....
(Voorburg

Voorburg

Voorburg is a Netherlands town and former municipality of approximately 39,000 inhabitants in the western part of the province of South Holland, the Netherlands....
), Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Nijmegen

Nijmegen

Nijmegen is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, near the Germany border. It is considered to be the oldest city in the Netherlands and celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 2005....
), Traiectum (Utrecht

Utrecht (city)

Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands province of Utrecht . It is located in the North-Eastern end of the Randstad, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands, with a population of 300,030....
), Atuatuca Tungrorum (Tongeren

Tongeren

Tongeren is a city and Arrondissement_of_Tongeren located in the Provinces of Belgium of Limburg , Flanders, Belgium. Tongeren is the oldest town in Belgium....
), Bona (Bonn

Bonn

Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
), and Colonia Agrippinensis
History of Cologne

The History of Cologne, Germany's oldest major city, can be broken into several periods....
(Cologne

Cologne

Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....
), the capital of Germania Inferior.

The army of Germania Inferior, known from inscriptions simply as EX.GER.INF.

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Encyclopedia

Germania Inferior was a Roman

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
province located on the left bank of the Rhine

Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, in today's southern and western Netherlands

Netherlands

Flanders

North Rhine-Westphalia

Xanten

Heerlen

Alphen aan den Rijn

Media:Nl-Alphen aan den Rijn.ogg is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, between Leiden and Utrecht ....
), Lugdunum Batavorum (Katwijk

Katwijk

Media:Nl-Katwijk.ogg is a coastal municipality and town in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands....
), Forum Hadriani

Forum Hadriani

Forum Hadriani, at the modern town of Voorburg, was the northern-most Ancient Rome city on the European continent and the second oldest city of The Netherlands....
(Voorburg

Voorburg

Nijmegen

Utrecht (city)

Tongeren

Tongeren is a city and Arrondissement_of_Tongeren located in the Provinces of Belgium of Limburg , Flanders, Belgium. Tongeren is the oldest town in Belgium....
), Bona (Bonn

Bonn

Cologne

Roman legion

The Roman Legion is a term that can apply both as a translation of legio to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly , to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of the Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire....
at its service: of these, the Legions I Minervia

Legio I Minervia

Legio prima Minervia was a Roman legion levied by emperor Domitian in 82, for the campaign against the Germanic tribe of the Chatti. Its cognomen is related to the goddess Minerva, the legion's protector....
and XXX Ulpia Victrix

Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix

Legio trigesima Ulpia Victrix was a Roman legion levied by the Emperor Trajan in 100 for the Dacian Wars. The legion was active until disbandment of the Rhine frontier in the beginning of the 5th century....
were the most permanent. The Roman Navy's Classis Germanica

Roman Navy

The Roman Navy comprised the naval forces of the Roman state. Although the navy was instrumental in the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean Sea basin, it never enjoyed the prestige of the Roman legions....
, charged with patrolling the Rhine

Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
and the North Sea

North Sea

The North Sea is a marginal sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf. The Dover Strait and the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north connect it to the Atlantic Ocean....
coast, was based in Castra Vetera and later in Agrippinensis.

The first confrontations between a Roman army and the peoples of Germania Inferior occurred during Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
's Gallic Wars

Gallic Wars

The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman Republic proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gaul, lasting from 58 BC to 51 BC....
. Caesar invaded the region in 57 BC and in the next three years annihilated several Germanic tribes, including the Eburones

Eburones

The Eburones , were a people of Germanic or Celtic descent that lived in the upper north of Gaul largely between the Rhine and the Maas, east of the Menapii....
and the Menapii

Menapii

Category:Tribes involved in Caesar's Gallic WarsThe Menapii were a Belgae tribe of northern Gaul in pre-Roman and Roman Empire times....
.

Germania Inferior had Roman settlements since approximately 50 BC and was at first part of Gallia Belgica

Gallia Belgica

Gallia Belgica was a Roman province located in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northeastern France, and western Germany....
; it was established as a Roman province

Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
in the year 90

Year 90 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar....
, later becoming an Imperial province

Imperial province

An imperial province was a Roman province where the Emperor had the sole right to appoint the governor . These provinces were often the strategically located border provinces....
. It lay north of Germania Superior

Germania Superior

Germania Superior , so called for the reason that it lay upstream of Germania Inferior, was a Roman province of the Roman Empire. It comprised the area of western Switzerland, the French Jura mountains and Alsace regions and south-western Germany....
, together with which it made up Germania

Germania

Germania was the Latin language exonym for a geographical area of land on the east bank of the River Rhine , which included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Ancient Rome control on the west bank of the Rhine....
. The epithet Inferior refers to its downstream position.

External links

Blaeu Atlas Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior

See also

External links