Francesco Calogero
Encyclopedia
Francesco Calogero is a distinguished Italian
physicist
, active in the community of scientists concerned with nuclear disarmament
.
police, Francesco Calogero spent more than one year (1942) in Scanno, a small Italian village. After World War II
, Calogero graduated "laurea in fisica" cum laude at University of Rome La Sapienza
, on February 1958. He became Professor of Theoretical Physics, in the same university in 1976.
that models wave
phenomena including soliton
s, is named after Calogero. He also formulated the Calogero conjecture that quantum behavior is caused by stochastic gravitational radiation of a cosmic origin.
from 1989 to 1997. He is currently chair of the Pugwash Council. He has published nearly 400 papers and several books on world affairs.
He was a member of the Governing Board of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute from 1982 to 1992.
He accepted the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize
, jointly awarded to Pugwash and to Joseph Rotblat
(Oslo, 10 December 1995).
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
physicist
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
, active in the community of scientists concerned with nuclear disarmament
Nuclear disarmament
Nuclear disarmament refers to both the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons and to the end state of a nuclear-free world, in which nuclear weapons are completely eliminated....
.
Biography
He is the son of the philosopher Guido Calogero. After his father was sentenced to national exile by fascistFascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
police, Francesco Calogero spent more than one year (1942) in Scanno, a small Italian village. After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Calogero graduated "laurea in fisica" cum laude at University of Rome La Sapienza
University of Rome La Sapienza
The Sapienza University of Rome, officially Sapienza – Università di Roma, formerly known as Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza", is a coeducational, autonomous state university in Rome, Italy...
, on February 1958. He became Professor of Theoretical Physics, in the same university in 1976.
Physics research
Calogero's scientific publications in English include three books and over 300 papers. His main research concerns integrable many-body problems. The Calogero–Degasperis–Fokas equation, a differential equationDifferential equation
A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders...
that models wave
Wave
In physics, a wave is a disturbance that travels through space and time, accompanied by the transfer of energy.Waves travel and the wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium—that is, with little or no associated mass...
phenomena including soliton
Soliton
In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium...
s, is named after Calogero. He also formulated the Calogero conjecture that quantum behavior is caused by stochastic gravitational radiation of a cosmic origin.
Peace activism
Calogero served as the Secretary-General of Pugwash Conferences on Science and World AffairsPugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats...
from 1989 to 1997. He is currently chair of the Pugwash Council. He has published nearly 400 papers and several books on world affairs.
He was a member of the Governing Board of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute from 1982 to 1992.
He accepted the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
, jointly awarded to Pugwash and to Joseph Rotblat
Joseph Rotblat
Sir Joseph Rotblat, KCMG, CBE, FRS , was a Polish-born, British-naturalised physicist.His work on nuclear fallout was a major contribution to the agreement of the Partial Test Ban Treaty...
(Oslo, 10 December 1995).