Emmanuel Louis Masqueray
Encyclopedia
Emmanuel Louis Masqueray (1861-1917) was a Franco-American
French American
French Americans or Franco-Americans are Americans of French or French Canadian descent. About 11.8 million U.S. residents are of this descent, and about 1.6 million speak French at home.An additional 450,000 U.S...

 preeminent figure in the history of American architecture
Architecture of the United States
The architecture of the United States demonstrates a broad variety of architectural styles and built forms over the country's history of over four centuries....

, both as a gifted designer of landmark buildings and as an influential teacher of the profession of architecture.

Biography

He was born in Dieppe
Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
Dieppe is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in France. In 1999, the population of the whole Dieppe urban area was 81,419.A port on the English Channel, famous for its scallops, and with a regular ferry service from the Gare Maritime to Newhaven in England, Dieppe also has a popular pebbled...

, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

, on September 10, 1861 to Charles-Emmanuel and Henriette-Marie-Louise Masqueray, née de Lamare. He was educated in Rouen
Rouen
Rouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...

 and Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

. Having decided to become an architect, he studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, as a pupil of Jean-Claude Laisné and Paul-René-Léon Ginain, and was awarded the Deschaumes Prize by the Institute of France. He also received the Chandesaigues Prize. While in Paris, he also served on the Commission des Historiques.

New York

He came to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 in 1887 to work for the firm of Carrère and Hastings
Carrère and Hastings
Carrère and Hastings, the firm of John Merven Carrère and Thomas Hastings , located in New York City, was one of the outstanding Beaux-Arts architecture firms in the United States. The partnership operated from 1885 until 1911, when Carrère was killed in an automobile accident...

 in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

; both John Mervin Carrère (November 9, 1858 – March 1, 1911) and Thomas Hastings
Thomas Hastings
Thomas Hastings may refer to:*Thomas Hastings , English Puritan settler in early Colonial America; deacon who left Ipswich in 1634; served in many Massachusetts public offices...

 (1860 - 1929) had been fellow students with Masqueray at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. While in their employ, Masqueray created the watercolor elevation of the Ponce de Leon Hotel
Ponce de León Hotel
The Ponce de León Hotel was an exclusive hotel in St. Augustine, Florida, built by millionaire developer and Standard Oil co-founder Henry M. Flagler and completed in 1888. The Hotel Ponce de Leon was designed in the Spanish Renaissance style by the New York architects John Carrere and Thomas...

 in St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine is a city in the northeast section of Florida and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the continental United...

. Other important work on the boards during his time with the firm included the Hotel Alcazar, St. Augustine, Florida, 1887, now the Lightner Museum
Lightner Museum
The Lightner Museum is a museum of antiquities, mostly American Victorian, housed within a historic hotel building in downtown St. Augustine, Florida, USA. The building, in a Spanish Renaissance Revival style, is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.The museum occupies three...

, The Commonwealth Club
The Commonwealth Club
This article concerns the historic Virginia building. For other places called "Commonwealth Club", see Commonwealth Club.The Commonwealth Club, is a private gentlemen's club in Richmond, Virginia, USA. Its present clubhouse was completed in 1891. The defining structure of the Commonwealth Club...

, Richmond, Virginia
Richmond, Virginia
Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. It is an independent city and not part of any county. Richmond is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond area...

, 1891, and the Edison Building, New York City, 1891 (razed). Five years later, he joined the office of Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt was an American architect of the nineteenth century and a preeminent figure in the history of American architecture...

 (1827-1895), the first American architect to attend the Ecole des Beaux Arts; in Hunt's firm he helped design many notable buildings including the Elbridge Gerry
Elbridge Gerry
Elbridge Thomas Gerry was an American statesman and diplomat. As a Democratic-Republican he was selected as the fifth Vice President of the United States , serving under James Madison, until his death a year and a half into his term...

 residence in Marblehead, MA, the William Astor house on Fifth Avenue in New York City, and Ochre Court
Ochre Court
Ochre Court is a large châteauesque mansion in Newport, Rhode Island.Commissioned by Ogden Goelet, it was built in 1892 and is one of the many famed mansions in Newport that served as summer residences for New York City's wealthy socialite class....

in Newport, Rhode Island
Newport, Rhode Island
Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about south of Providence. Known as a New England summer resort and for the famous Newport Mansions, it is the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport which houses the United States Naval War...

. It is likely that he made major contributions to the design of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art is a renowned art museum in New York City. Its permanent collection contains more than two million works, divided into nineteen curatorial departments. The main building, located on the eastern edge of Central Park along Manhattan's Museum Mile, is one of the...

 in New York City. He also contributed to the design of The Breakers
The Breakers
The Breakers is a Vanderbilt mansion located on Ochre Point Avenue, Newport, Rhode Island, United States on the Atlantic Ocean. It is a National Historic Landmark, a contributing property to the Bellevue Avenue Historic District, and is owned and operated by the Preservation Society of Newport...

for Cornelius Vanderbilt II
Cornelius Vanderbilt II
Cornelius Vanderbilt II was an American socialite, heir, businessman, and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family....

 in Newport, Rhode Island
Newport, Rhode Island
Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about south of Providence. Known as a New England summer resort and for the famous Newport Mansions, it is the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport which houses the United States Naval War...

.

In 1893, Masqueray opened the Atelier Masqueray, for the study of architecture according to French methods; architect Walter B. Chambers
Walter B. Chambers
Walter Boughton Chambers was a successful New York architect whose buildings continue to be landmarks in the city’s skyline and whose contributions to architectural education were far-reaching....

 shared in this enterprise. Located at 123 E. 23rd Street, this was the first wholly independent atelier opened in the United States. A colorful, dynamic teacher, Masqueray pleaded with his students to make things simple. Beginning in 1899, Masqueray made special provision for women to number among his architectural students by establishing a second atelier especially for women at 37-40 West 22nd Street in New York. As was said at the time, "...he has unbounded faith in women's ability to succeed in architecture...provided they go about it seriously."

Among his students over the next decade in New York were:

  • Paul R. Allen (architect of Henry Miller's Theatre
    Henry Miller's Theatre
    The Stephen Sondheim Theatre, formerly Henry Miller's Theatre, is a Broadway theatre located at 124 West 43rd Street, between Broadway and 6th Avenue, in Manhattan's Theatre District.-History:...

    , NYC)
  • William T. L. Armstrong (later of the firm De Gelleke and Armstrong, New York)
  • W. Bellows (architect Charles Walter Bellows of Columbus
    Columbus, Ohio
    Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...

    , OH)
  • Seymour Burrell (architect of the St. Germain Lofts, Houston, TX; S. H. Kress & Co.
    S. H. Kress & Co.
    S. H. Kress & Co. was the trading name of a chain of "five and dime" retail department stores in the United States, which operated from 1896 to 1981....

     Corporate Architect)
  • James E. Cooper (of d'Hauteville & Cooper, Long Island architects); Greentree
    Greentree
    Greentree is a estate in Manhasset, New York on Long Island. Payne Whitney purchased the estate for his bride, Helen Julia Hay, in 1904. Later, John Hay Whitney and his second wife, Betsey, occupied the main house, where Mrs...

    , William Payne Whitney Mansion.
  • Lester A. Cramer (later practiced in Los Angeles
    Los Ángeles
    Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...

    ; architect of the Rosicrucian Fellowship Temple and the Sanatorium at Mount Ecclesia
    Mount Ecclesia
    Mount Ecclesia is the location of the international headquarters of the fraternal and service organization The Rosicrucian Fellowship, located on grounds in Oceanside, California...

    )
  • Roy Corwin Crosby (architect of houses on the Palisades)
  • Clarence E. Decker (later of Decker and Stevenson, architects of the YWCA, San Diego)
  • Mortimer Foster (later of Foster, Gade and Graham)
  • Frederick George Frost, Sr. (principal of his own firm in New York City which later included his son and namesake), Hall of Fashion, New York 1939 World's Fair
  • ? Gray
  • William Cook Haskell (later of the firm Townsend, Steinle & Haskell)
  • James Hopkins
    James Hopkins
    James Hopkins may refer to:*James Herron Hopkins , American politician*James Campbell Hopkins , U.S. federal judge*James Hopkins , English association football player for Manchester United...

     (of the Boston architectural firm of Kilham and Hopkins)
  • John G. Hough
  • William S. Hutton (later an Indiana school architect who partnered with George Grant Elmslie
    George Grant Elmslie
    George Grant Elmslie was an American, though born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Prairie School architect whose work is mostly found in the Midwestern United States...

    )
  • Louis Jallade (architect of the gymnasium at the University of Delaware
    University of Delaware
    The university is organized into seven colleges:* College of Agriculture and Natural Resources* College of Arts and Sciences* Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics* College of Earth, Ocean and Environment* College of Education and Human Development...

    )
  • John R. Jordan
  • Rupert W. Koch (architect of men's dorm at the University of Michigan
    University of Michigan
    The University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan...

    )
  • Frederick Larkin (later of the US State Department in charge of Embassy design)
  • ? Loud
  • Louis Levitansky (later "Louis Levine") - Westchester County NY architect
  • Charles E. Mack (associated with the firm of Cass Gilbert
    Cass Gilbert
    - Historical impact :Gilbert is considered a skyscraper pioneer; when designing the Woolworth Building he moved into unproven ground — though he certainly was aware of the ground-breaking work done by Chicago architects on skyscrapers and once discussed merging firms with the legendary Daniel...

    )
  • Sylvester S. McGrath
  • George Nagle (associated with Masqueray at the St. Louis Fair)
  • Clarence A. Neff (later of Neff and Thompson, Norfolk, VA)
  • Charles F. Owsley (principal of a Youngstown, OH, firm; designed art deco Isaly's
    Isaly's
    Isaly’s was a chain of family-owned dairies and restaurants started in Mansfield , Ohio with locations throughout the American Midwest from the early 20th century until the 1970s. It is best known today for its iconic chipped chopped ham The company was founded by William Isaly, son of Swiss...

     headquarters there)
  • Barnet Phillips, Jr. (later of the firm Barnet Phillips Architectural Decorators, New York)
  • Carl Richardson
    Carl Richardson
    Carl Richardson was the sixth head football coach for Eastern New Mexico University in Portales, New Mexico and he held that position for ten seasons, from 1954 until 1963. His overall coaching record at Eastern NMU was 57 wins, 37 losses, and 3 ties...

  • Isabel Roberts
    Isabel Roberts
    Isabel Roberts was a Prairie School figure, member of the architectural design team in the Oak Park Studio of Frank Lloyd Wright and partner with Ida Annah Ryan in the Orlando, Florida architecture firm, “Ryan and Roberts”. It is fair to say that Roberts is an under-appreciated member of Wright’s...

     (of the Oak Park
    Oak Park, Illinois
    Oak Park, Illinois is a suburb bordering the west side of the city of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is the twenty-fifth largest municipality in Illinois. Oak Park has easy access to downtown Chicago due to public transportation such as the Chicago 'L' Blue and Green lines,...

     studio of Frank Lloyd Wright
    Frank Lloyd Wright
    Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 500 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture...

    )
  • Frank B. Rosman
  • ? Schalkenbach
  • Leonard B. Schultze (architect of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
    Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
    The Waldorf-Astoria is a luxury hotel in New York. It has been housed in two historic landmark buildings in New York City. The first, designed by architect Henry J. Hardenbergh, was on the Fifth Avenue site of the Empire State Building. The present building at 301 Park Avenue in Manhattan is a...

     see Schultze and Weaver
    Schultze and Weaver
    The architectural firm of Schultze and Weaver was established in New York City in 1921. The partners were Leonard Schultze and S. Fullerton Weaver.Leonard B. Schultze was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5, 1877...

    )
  • Walter W. Sharpley (builder of Philadelphia's Bellevue-Stratford Hotel)
  • Francis S. "Frank" Swales (later of the firm Painter & Swales; designer of Selfridges' Store, Oxford Street, London, and The Brussels Exposition of 1910’s Canadian Pacific Railway Pavilion)
  • George E. Sweet (who became a naval architect)
  • William Van Alen
    William Van Alen
    William Van Alen was an American architect, best known as the architect in charge of designing New York City's Chrysler Building .-Life:...

     (architect of the Chrysler Building
    Chrysler Building
    The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco style skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan in the Turtle Bay area at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. Standing at , it was the world's tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State...

    )
  • Edward J. Willingale (associated with J E M Carpenter as architects of the Lincoln Building (42nd Street, New York, New York) now known as One Grand Central Place)
  • Wilison Joseph Wythe (assistant professor of drawing, University of California)


In 1897, Masqueray left the Hunt office to work for Warren & Wetmore, also in New York City, Whitney Warren
Whitney Warren
Whitney Warren was an architect with Charles Delevan Wetmore at Warren and Wetmore in New York City.-Biography:He was born in 1864 and his brother was Lloyd Warren, also an architect. He was a cousin of the Vanderbilts and spent ten years at the École des Beaux Arts...

 having been his fellow student at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Work underway while Masqueray was with the firm includes: New York Yacht Club (1898), Westmorly, Harvard, MA (1898), High Tide (William Starr Miller house), 79 Ocean Avenue, Newport, Rhode Island, (1900), The Racquet House at Tuxedo Club, Tuxedo Park, NY, (1890-1900), and the Mrs. Orme Wilson residence (now the India Consulate), 3 East 64th St., New York (1900-03). He was responsible for the design of the Long Island College Hospital
Long Island College Hospital
Long Island College Hospital is a teaching hospital situated at Hicks and Amity Streets in Cobble Hill section of Brooklyn, New York.Founded in 1858, the hospital has 506 beds. In 1860 it introduced the practice of bedside teaching and it later became the first U.S. hospital to use stethoscopes...

 in Brooklyn.

St. Louis

His reputation became international in 1901 when the commissioner of architects of the St. Louis Exposition
St. Louis Exposition
St. Louis Exposition can refer to either:*Saint Louis Exposition *Louisiana Purchase Exposition...

 selected him to be Chief of Design. Masqueray in turn employed some of his former students including Frank Swales and George Nagle. As Chief of Design of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
Louisiana Purchase Exposition
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the Saint Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States in 1904.- Background :...

, a position he held for three years, Masqueray had architectural oversight of the entire Fair and personally designed the following Fair buildings:
  • Palace of Agriculture
  • The Cascades and Colonnades
  • Palace of Forestry, Fish, and Game
  • Palace of Horticulture
  • Palace of Transportation


Design ideas from all of these were widely emulated in civic projects across the United States as part of the City Beautiful Movement
City Beautiful movement
The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy concerning North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. The movement, which was originally associated mainly with Chicago,...

. Masqueray resigned shortly after the fair opened in 1904, having been invited by Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul to come to Minnesota and design the new Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul for the city.

St. Paul

Masqueray arrived in St. Paul in 1905 and remained there until his death. He designed about two dozen parish churches for Catholic and Protestant congregations in the upper Midwest, including:
  • Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul
  • Basilica of Saint Mary, Minneapolis (1908)
  • St. Paul's Episcopal Church on the Hill, St. Paul (1912)
  • Bethlehem Lutheran Church, 655 Forest Street, St. Paul
  • University Hall at the University of St. Thomas, St. Paul
  • Chapel of St. Thomas Aquinas, 121 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul (1918)

Mssqueray designed several small churches in what is now the Diocese of New Ulm.
  • The Church of the Holy Redeemer, Marshall, Minnesota (1915)
  • Church of St. Peter, St. Peter, Minnesota (1911) The Church was destroyed by a tornado that struck St. Peter on March 29, 1998, a new church-school complex was built at a new location west of the city at 1801 West Broadway. The St. Peter Community Center and Public Library occupy the site of the former church.
  • Church of St. Edward, Minneota, Minnesota
  • Church of St. Francis, Benson, Minnesota
  • Sacred Heart Church, Murdock, Minnesota

And in the Diocese of Dubuque in Iowa.
  • Church of St. Patrick, Cedar Falls, Iowa


He also designed three more cathedrals, of which two were built:
  • The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
    Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Wichita, Kansas)
    The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, also known as St. Mary’s Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral in Wichita, Kansas, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Wichita. The first Catholic church was constructed in Wichita in 1872. The present cathedral was begun in 1906 and it was...

    , Wichita, Kansas
  • St. Joseph Cathedral
    St. Joseph Cathedral (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)
    St. Joseph Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Sioux Falls. -History:...

    , Sioux Falls, South Dakota


Masqueray also designed important residences in and around St. Paul (one of which, a 1915 home at 427 Portland Avenue, has been owned by radio personality Garrison Keillor
Garrison Keillor
Gary Edward "Garrison" Keillor is an American author, storyteller, humorist, and radio personality. He is known as host of the Minnesota Public Radio show A Prairie Home Companion Gary Edward "Garrison" Keillor (born August 7, 1942) is an American author, storyteller, humorist, and radio...

) and "Wind's Eye" in Dellwood MN, as well as several parochial schools for the Catholic Archdiocese of St. Paul.

He also designed:
  • Keane Hall at Loras College
    Loras College
    Loras College is a four-year Catholic college located in Dubuque, Iowa, with a general attendance of approximately 1,700 students. The school offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs...

  • The planned new city of Twin Falls
    Twin Falls
    - Waterfalls :* Twin Falls , a waterfall in Idaho, the namesake of the city Twin Falls, Idaho* Twin Falls , a waterfall in Glacier National Park * Twin Falls , a waterfall near Pickens, South Carolina...

    , ID.


In St. Paul in 1906, Masqueray founded an atelier which continued his Beaux Arts method of architectural training, among his students who trained there, perhaps the best known is Edwin H. Lundie (1886-1972). Other architects associated with Masqueray in St. Paul were Fred Slifer and Frank Abrahamson.

Masqueray was a charter member of the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects (now the Van Alen Institute) and the Architectural League of New York
Architectural League of New York
The Architectural League of New York is a non-profit organization "for creative and intellectual work in architecture, urbanism, and related disciplines"....

, the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects
American Institute of Architects
The American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image...

, as well as the national organization. Masqueray died in St. Paul on May 26, 1917. His body was buried in Calvary Cemetery, St. Paul.

External links

  • Basilica of St. Mary — http://four.mary.org/
  • St Paul's on the Hill — http://stpaulsonthehillmn.org/index.html
  • University of St. Thomas, MN — http://www.stthomas.edu/
  • Church of the Incarnation, 38th Street and Pleasant Avenue, Minneapolis -- http://www.incarnation-church.com/
  • Church of the Holy Redeemer, Marshall, MN — http://www.holy-redeemer.com/
  • Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Wichita, KS — http://www.kansastravel.org/cathedralimmaculateconception.htm
  • St. Joseph Cathedral, Sioux Falls, SD — http://www.cathedralofstjosephsiouxfalls.parishesonline.com/scripts/HostedSites/org.asp?p=1&ID=12730
  • Novitiate for the Sisters of St. Joseph, St Paul, MN (now the Carondelet Center) (1912) - http://carondeletcenter.org/
  • Church of St. Louis, King of France, St. Paul, MN — http://www.stlouiskingoffrance.org/
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