EP300
Encyclopedia
E1A binding protein p300 also known as EP300 or p300 is a protein
that, in humans, is encoded by the EP300 gene
. This protein regulates the activity of many genes in tissues throughout the body. It plays an essential role in regulating cell growth
and division
, prompting cells to mature and assume specialized functions (differentiate), and preventing the growth of cancerous tumors. The p300 protein appears to be critical for normal development before and after birth
.
The p300 protein carries out its function by activating transcription, the process of making a blueprint of a gene for protein production. To be specific, p300 connects transcription factor
s, which are proteins that start the transcription process, with the complex of proteins that carry out transcription in the cell's nucleus. On the basis of this function, p300 is called a transcriptional coactivator.The p300 interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more of p300 domains: the nuclear receptor
interaction domain (RID), the CREB
and MYB
interaction domain (KIX), the cysteine
/histidine
regions (TAZ1/CH1 and TAZ2/CH3) and the interferon
response binding domain (IBiD). The last four domains, KIX, TAZ1, TAZ2 and IBiD of p300, each bind tightly to
a sequence spanning both transactivation domains 9aaTADs of transcription factor p53.
The EP300 gene is located on the long (q) arm of the human chromosome 22
at position 13.2.
EP300 is closely related to another gene, CREB binding protein
, which is found on human chromosome 16
.
-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB
protein. This gene has also been identified as a co-activator of HIF1A
(hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha), and, thus, plays a role in the stimulation of hypoxia-induced genes such as VEGF
.
s in the EP300 gene are responsible for a small percentage of cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
. These mutations result in the loss of one copy of the gene in each cell, which reduces the amount of p300 protein by half. Some mutations lead to the production of a very short, nonfunctional version of the p300 protein, while others prevent one copy of the gene from making any protein at all. Although researchers do not know how a reduction in the amount of p300 protein leads to the specific features of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, it is clear that the loss of one copy of the EP300 gene disrupts normal development.
Chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome 22 have rarely been associated with certain types of cancer
. These rearrangements, called translocations
, disrupt the region of chromosome 22 that contains the EP300 gene. For example, researchers have found a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 22 in several people with a cancer of blood cells called acute myeloid leukemia
(AML). Another translocation, involving chromosomes 11 and 22, has been found in a small number of people who have undergone cancer treatment. This chromosomal change is associated with the development of AML following chemotherapy for other forms of cancer.
Mutations in the EP300 gene have been identified in several other types of cancer. These mutations are somatic, which means they are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells. Somatic mutations in the EP300 gene have been found in a small number of solid tumors, including cancers of the colon and rectum
, stomach
, breast
, and pancreas
. Studies suggest that EP300 mutations may also play a role in the development of some prostate cancer
s, and could help predict whether these tumors will increase in size or spread to other parts of the body. In cancer cells, EP300 mutations prevent the gene from producing any functional protein. Without p300, cells cannot effectively restrain growth and division, which can allow cancerous tumors to form.
with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
, MAF
, TSG101
, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
, NPAS2
, PAX6
, DDX5
, MYBL2
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
, Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
, SNIP1
, TRERF1
, STAT3
, EID1
, RAR-related orphan receptor alpha
, ELK1
, HIF1A
, ING5
, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
, SS18
, TCF3
, Zif268
, Estrogen receptor alpha
, GPS2
, MyoD
, YY1
, ING4
, PROX1
, CITED1
, HNF1A
, MEF2C
, MEF2D
, MAML1
, Twist transcription factor
, PTMA, IRF2
, DTX1
, Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1
, Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A
, CDX2
, BRCA1
, HNRPU
, STAT6
, CITED2
, RELA
, TGS1
, CEBPB
, Mdm2
, NCOA6
, NFATC2
, Thyroid hormone receptor alpha
, BCL3
, TFAP2A
, PCNA
, P53
and TAL1
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that, in humans, is encoded by the EP300 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. This protein regulates the activity of many genes in tissues throughout the body. It plays an essential role in regulating cell growth
Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"...
and division
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells . Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. This type of cell division in eukaryotes is known as mitosis, and leaves the daughter cell capable of dividing again. The corresponding sort...
, prompting cells to mature and assume specialized functions (differentiate), and preventing the growth of cancerous tumors. The p300 protein appears to be critical for normal development before and after birth
Birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring. The offspring is brought forth from the mother. The time of human birth is defined as the time at which the fetus comes out of the mother's womb into the world...
.
The p300 protein carries out its function by activating transcription, the process of making a blueprint of a gene for protein production. To be specific, p300 connects transcription factor
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA...
s, which are proteins that start the transcription process, with the complex of proteins that carry out transcription in the cell's nucleus. On the basis of this function, p300 is called a transcriptional coactivator.The p300 interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more of p300 domains: the nuclear receptor
Nuclear receptor
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules...
interaction domain (RID), the CREB
CREB
CREB is a cellular transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences called cAMP response elements , thereby increasing or decreasing the transcription of the downstream genes....
and MYB
MYB
Myb proto-oncogene protein also known as transcriptional activator Myb is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYB gene.- Function :...
interaction domain (KIX), the cysteine
Cysteine
Cysteine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2SH. It is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it is biosynthesized in humans. Its codons are UGU and UGC. The side chain on cysteine is thiol, which is polar and thus cysteine is usually classified as a hydrophilic amino acid...
/histidine
Histidine
Histidine Histidine, an essential amino acid, has a positively charged imidazole functional group. It is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are CAU and CAC. Histidine was first isolated by German physician Albrecht Kossel in 1896. Histidine is an essential amino acid in humans...
regions (TAZ1/CH1 and TAZ2/CH3) and the interferon
Interferon
Interferons are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens—such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites—or tumor cells. They allow communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors.IFNs belong to...
response binding domain (IBiD). The last four domains, KIX, TAZ1, TAZ2 and IBiD of p300, each bind tightly to
a sequence spanning both transactivation domains 9aaTADs of transcription factor p53.
The EP300 gene is located on the long (q) arm of the human chromosome 22
Chromosome 22 (human)
Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Humans normally have two copies of Chromosome 22 in each cell. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 49 million DNA base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2 % of the total DNA in cells.In 1999,...
at position 13.2.
EP300 is closely related to another gene, CREB binding protein
CREB binding protein
CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene.The CREB protein carries out its function by activating transcription, where interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more of p300 domains: the nuclear receptor...
, which is found on human chromosome 16
Chromosome 16 (human)
125px|rightChromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs and represents just under 3 % of the total DNA in cells.Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic...
.
Function
This gene encodes the adenovirus E1A-associated cellular p300 transcriptional co-activator protein. It functions as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling, and is important in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. It mediates cAMPCyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a second messenger important in many biological processes...
-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB
CREB
CREB is a cellular transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences called cAMP response elements , thereby increasing or decreasing the transcription of the downstream genes....
protein. This gene has also been identified as a co-activator of HIF1A
HIF1A
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit , also known as HIF1A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIF1A gene...
(hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha), and, thus, plays a role in the stimulation of hypoxia-induced genes such as VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. It is part of the system that restores the oxygen supply to tissues when blood circulation is inadequate....
.
Clinical significance
MutationMutation
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus. They can be defined as sudden and spontaneous changes in the cell. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic...
s in the EP300 gene are responsible for a small percentage of cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome , also known as broad thumb-hallux syndrome or Rubinstein syndrome, is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected...
. These mutations result in the loss of one copy of the gene in each cell, which reduces the amount of p300 protein by half. Some mutations lead to the production of a very short, nonfunctional version of the p300 protein, while others prevent one copy of the gene from making any protein at all. Although researchers do not know how a reduction in the amount of p300 protein leads to the specific features of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, it is clear that the loss of one copy of the EP300 gene disrupts normal development.
Chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome 22 have rarely been associated with certain types of cancer
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
. These rearrangements, called translocations
Chromosomal translocation
In genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. A gene fusion may be created when the translocation joins two otherwise separated genes, the occurrence of which is common in cancer. It is detected on...
, disrupt the region of chromosome 22 that contains the EP300 gene. For example, researchers have found a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 22 in several people with a cancer of blood cells called acute myeloid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia , also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute...
(AML). Another translocation, involving chromosomes 11 and 22, has been found in a small number of people who have undergone cancer treatment. This chromosomal change is associated with the development of AML following chemotherapy for other forms of cancer.
Mutations in the EP300 gene have been identified in several other types of cancer. These mutations are somatic, which means they are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells. Somatic mutations in the EP300 gene have been found in a small number of solid tumors, including cancers of the colon and rectum
Rectum
The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
, stomach
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects , and molluscs. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication .The stomach is...
, breast
Breast
The breast is the upper ventral region of the torso of a primate, in left and right sides, which in a female contains the mammary gland that secretes milk used to feed infants.Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues...
, and pancreas
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
. Studies suggest that EP300 mutations may also play a role in the development of some prostate cancer
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly...
s, and could help predict whether these tumors will increase in size or spread to other parts of the body. In cancer cells, EP300 mutations prevent the gene from producing any functional protein. Without p300, cells cannot effectively restrain growth and division, which can allow cancerous tumors to form.
Interactions
EP300 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene.SMAD7 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene: "Mothers against decapentaplegic". It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ...
, MAF
MAF (gene)
Transcription factor Maf also known as proto-oncogene c-Maf or V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the MAF gene.-Types:...
, TSG101
TSG101
Tumor susceptibility gene 101, also known as TSG101, is a human gene that encodes for a cellular protein of the same name.-HIV:TSG101 seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV...
, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha , also known as NR1C1 , is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARA gene.- Function :...
, NPAS2
NPAS2
Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPAS2 gene.-Interactions:NPAS2 has been shown to interact with Retinoic acid receptor alpha, EP300, ARNTL and Retinoid X receptor alpha....
, PAX6
PAX6
Paired box protein Pax-6 also known as aniridia type II protein or oculorhombin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX6 gene.- Function :PAX6 is a member of the Pax gene family...
, DDX5
DDX5
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 also known as DEAD box protein 5 or RNA helicase p68 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX5 gene.- Function :...
, MYBL2
MYBL2
Myb-related protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBL2 gene.-Interactions:MYBL2 has been shown to interact with Retinoblastoma-like protein 1, Cyclin A1, EP300, CREB-binding protein, CDK9, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C and PARP1.-Further reading:...
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 also known as SMAD family member 1 or SMAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD1 gene.-Nomenclature:...
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 also known as SMAD family member 2 or SMAD2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD2 gene. MAD homolog 2 belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' and the C....
, Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LEF1 gene.- Function :Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 is a 48-kD nuclear protein that is expressed in pre-B and T cells. It binds to a functionally important site in the T-cell receptor-alpha enhancer and confers...
, SNIP1
SNIP1
Smad nuclear-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNIP1 gene.-Further reading:...
, TRERF1
TRERF1
Transcriptional-regulating factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRERF1 gene.-Interactions:TRERF1 has been shown to interact with Steroidogenic factor 1, EP300 and CREB-binding protein.-Further reading:...
, STAT3
STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 also known as STAT3 is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the STAT3 gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family...
, EID1
EID1
EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EID1 gene.-Interactions:EID1 has been shown to interact with EP300 and Retinoblastoma protein.-Further reading:...
, RAR-related orphan receptor alpha
RAR-related orphan receptor alpha
RAR-related orphan receptor alpha , also known as NR1F1 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RORA gene.- Function :...
, ELK1
ELK1
E twenty-six -like transcription factor 1, also known as Elk1, functions as a transcription activator. It is classified as a ternary complex factor , a subclass of the ETS family, which is characterized by a common protein domain that regulates DNA binding to target sequences...
, HIF1A
HIF1A
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit , also known as HIF1A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIF1A gene...
, ING5
ING5
Inhibitor of growth protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING5 gene.-Interactions:ING5 has been shown to interact with EP300 and P53.-Further reading:...
, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma , also known as the glitazone receptor, or NR1C3 is a type II nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene.Two isoforms of PPARG are detected in the human and in the mouse: PPAR-γ1 and...
, SS18
SS18
Protein SSXT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SS18 gene.-Interactions:SS18 has been shown to interact with MLLT10, EP300, SMARCB1 and SMARCA2.-Further reading:...
, TCF3
TCF3
Transcription factor 3 , also known as TCF3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCF3 gene...
, Zif268
Zif268
EGR-1 also known as Zif268 or NGFI-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene....
, Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha , also known as NR3A1 , is a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen...
, GPS2
GPS2 (gene)
G protein pathway suppressor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPS2 gene.-Interactions:GPS2 has been shown to interact with Cyclin A1, TBL1X, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1, P53, EP300, HDAC3 and C21orf7.-Further reading:...
, MyoD
MyoD
MyoD is a protein with a key role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors . These bHLH transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation. MRF family members include MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 .MyoD is one...
, YY1
YY1
Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YY1 gene.-Interactions:YY1 has been shown to interact with Histone deacetylase 2, FKBP3, ATF6, Myc, SAP30, EP300, HDAC3, NOTCH1 and RYBP....
, ING4
ING4
Inhibitor of growth protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING4 gene.-Interactions:ING4 has been shown to interact with EP300, RELA and P53.-Further reading:...
, PROX1
PROX1
Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene....
, CITED1
CITED1
Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CITED1 gene.-Interactions:CITED1 has been shown to interact with HSPA8 and EP300.-Further reading:...
, HNF1A
HNF1A
HNF1 homeobox A , also known as HNF1A, is a human gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the liver and is involved in the regulation of the expression of several liver-specific genes.-Interactions:HNF1A has been shown to interact with PCAF, Src,...
, MEF2C
MEF2C
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C also known as MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2C gene. MEF2C is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family.-Genomics:...
, MEF2D
MEF2D
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2D gene.-Interactions:MEF2D has been shown to interact with YWHAQ, MAPK7, EP300, Sp1 transcription factor, Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A, NFATC2 and CABIN1....
, MAML1
MAML1
Mastermind-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAML1 gene.Details on the activity of the N-terminal domain of Mastermind-like protein 1may be found under MamL-1.-Interactions:...
, Twist transcription factor
Twist transcription factor
Twist transcription factor is a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor associated with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.-Interactions:Twist transcription factor has been shown to interact with EP300, TCF3 and PCAF.-External links:*...
, PTMA, IRF2
IRF2
Interferon regulatory factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF2 gene.-Interactions:IRF2 has been shown to interact with BRD7, EP300 and PCAF.-Further reading:- External links :...
, DTX1
DTX1
Protein deltex-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DTX1 gene.-Further reading:...
, Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1
Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1
Flap endonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FEN1 gene.-Interactions:Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 has been shown to interact with Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, EP300, Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, Cyclin A2, PCNA,...
, Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2A gene. MEF2A is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. In humans it is located on chromosome 15q26...
, CDX2
CDX2
Homeobox protein CDX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDX2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox transcription factor.-Function:...
, BRCA1
BRCA1
BRCA1 is a human caretaker gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, responsible for repairing DNA. The first evidence for the existence of the gene was provided by the King laboratory at UC Berkeley in 1990...
, HNRPU
HNRPU
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPU gene.-Interactions:HNRPU has been shown to interact with NDN, EP300, Glucocorticoid receptor and GTF2F1.-Further reading:...
, STAT6
STAT6
STAT6 is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors.In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell...
, CITED2
CITED2
Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CITED2 gene.-Interactions:CITED2 has been shown to interact with EP300, LHX2 and TFAP2A.-Further reading:...
, RELA
RELA
Transcription factor p65 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.-Interactions:RELA has been shown to interact with NFKBIB, ETHE1, NFKBIE, RFC1, TRIB3, CREB binding protein, Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Glucocorticoid receptor, MTPN, BRCA1, C-Fos, POU2F1, BTRC, TATA-binding...
, TGS1
TGS1
Trimethylguanosine synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGS1 gene.-Interactions:TGS1 has been shown to interact with NCOA6, MED1, EP300, CREB-binding protein and EED.-Further reading:...
, CEBPB
CEBPB
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor that can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins...
, Mdm2
Mdm2
Mdm2 is an important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. It is the name of a gene as well as the protein encoded by that gene. Mdm2 protein functions both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the N-terminal trans-activation domain of the p53 tumor suppressor and an inhibitor of...
, NCOA6
NCOA6
Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA6 gene.-Interactions:NCOA6 has been shown to interact with Ku70, RBBP5, E2F1, Retinoblastoma protein, CREB-binding protein, Activating transcription factor 2, HSF1, HBXIP, TGS1, TUBB, TUBA4A, Thyroid hormone receptor...
, NFATC2
NFATC2
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC2 gene.NFAT transcription factors are implicated in breast cancer, more specifically in the process of cell motility at the basis of metastasis formation...
, Thyroid hormone receptor alpha
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group A, member 1 , is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the THRA gene.- Function :...
, BCL3
BCL3
B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL3 gene.This gene is a proto-oncogene candidate. It is identified by its translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell leukemia. The protein encoded by this gene contains seven ankyrin...
, TFAP2A
TFAP2A
Transcription factor AP-2 alpha , also known as TFAP2A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFAP2A gene.- Function :...
, PCNA
PCNA
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, commonly known as PCNA, is a protein that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells. It achieves this processivity by encircling the DNA, thus creating a topological link to the genome...
, P53
P53
p53 , is a tumor suppressor protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53 gene. p53 is crucial in multicellular organisms, where it regulates the cell cycle and, thus, functions as a tumor suppressor that is involved in preventing cancer...
and TAL1
TAL1
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAL1 gene.The protein encoded by TAL1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor.-Interactions:...
.