CEBPB
Encyclopedia
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene
.
transcription factor that can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-alpha
, CEBP-delta
, and CEBP-gamma
. The encoded protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses and has been shown to bind to the IL-1 response element in the IL-6
gene, as well as to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokine
genes. In addition, the encoded protein can bind the promoter and upstream element and stimulate the expression of the collagen type I
gene.
and neurokinin A
and the choline acetyltransferase
responsible for the biosynthesis of the important neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
.
Other targets include genes coding for cytokines such as IL-6
, IL-4
, IL-5
, and TNF-alpha.
Genes coding for transporter proteins that confer multidrug resistance to the cells have also been found to be activated by CEBPB. Such genes include ABCC2 and ABCB1
.
with:
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIPBZIP domain
The Basic Leucine Zipper Domain is found in many DNA binding eukaryotic proteins. One part of the domain contains a region that mediates sequence specific DNA binding properties and the leucine zipper that is required for the dimerization of two DNA binding regions. The DNA binding region...
transcription factor that can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-alpha
CEBPA
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPA gene.-Interactions:CEBPA has been shown to interact with Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and Cyclin-dependent kinase 4.- External links :*...
, CEBP-delta
CEBPD
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPD gene.-Interactions:CEBPD has been shown to interact with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3.- External links :...
, and CEBP-gamma
CEBPG
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPG gene....
. The encoded protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses and has been shown to bind to the IL-1 response element in the IL-6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...
gene, as well as to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokine
Cytokine
Cytokines are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication...
genes. In addition, the encoded protein can bind the promoter and upstream element and stimulate the expression of the collagen type I
Type-I collagen
Type-I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body.It is present in scar tissue, the end product when tissue heals by repair.It is found in tendons, the endomysium of myofibrils and the organic part of bone.- See also :* Collagen...
gene.
Target genes
CEBPB is capable of increasing the expression of several target genes. Among them, some have specific role in the nervous system such as the preprotachykinin gene, giving rise to substance PSubstance P
In the field of neuroscience, substance P is a neuropeptide: an undecapeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. It belongs to the tachykinin neuropeptide family. Substance P and its closely related neuropeptide neurokinin A are produced from a polyprotein precursor...
and neurokinin A
Neurokinin A
Neurokinin A is a member of the tachykinin family of neuropeptide neurotransmitters. It is produced from the same preprotachykinin A gene as the neuropeptide substance P. It has various roles in the body of humans and other animals...
and the choline acetyltransferase
Choline acetyltransferase
Choline acetyltransferase is an enzyme that is synthesized within the body of a neuron. It is then transferred to the nerve terminal via axoplasmic flow. The role of choline acetyltransferase is to join Acetyl-CoA to choline, resulting in the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine...
responsible for the biosynthesis of the important neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles clustered beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to...
acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
The chemical compound acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system in many organisms including humans...
.
Other targets include genes coding for cytokines such as IL-6
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL6 gene.IL-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other...
, IL-4
Interleukin 4
Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified, but recent...
, IL-5
Interleukin 5
Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation. IL-5 is a 115-amino acid -long TH2 cytokine that is part of the...
, and TNF-alpha.
Genes coding for transporter proteins that confer multidrug resistance to the cells have also been found to be activated by CEBPB. Such genes include ABCC2 and ABCB1
P-glycoprotein
P-glycoprotein 1 also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 or ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 or cluster of differentiation 243 is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the ABCB1 gene...
.
Interactions
CEBPB has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with:
- CREB1CREB1CAMP responsive element binding protein 1, also known as CREB-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREB1 gene. This protein binds the cAMP response element, a DNA nucleotide sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters...
- CRSP3CRSP3Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED23 gene.-Interactions:CRSP3 has been shown to interact with Estrogen receptor alpha, CEBPB and Cyclin-dependent kinase 8.-Further reading:...
- DNA damage-inducible transcript 3DNA damage-inducible transcript 3DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDIT3 gene.-Interactions:DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 has been shown to interact with Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, JunD, RPS3A, ATF3, CEBPB, C-jun and C-Fos....
- EP300EP300E1A binding protein p300 also known as EP300 or p300 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the EP300 gene. This protein regulates the activity of many genes in tissues throughout the body...
- Estrogen receptor alphaEstrogen receptor alphaEstrogen receptor alpha , also known as NR3A1 , is a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen...
- Glucocorticoid receptorGlucocorticoid receptorThe glucocorticoid receptor also known as NR3C1 is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind....
- HMGA1HMGA1High-mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGA1 gene.Mice lacking their variant of HMGA1, i.e., Hmga1-/- mice, are diabetic and express low levels of the insulin receptor.-Interactions:...
- HSF1HSF1Heat shock factor protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSF1 gene.-Function:The product of this gene is a heat-shock transcription factor. Transcription of heat-shock genes is rapidly induced after temperature stress...
- Nucleolar phosphoprotein p130Nucleolar phosphoprotein p130Nucleolar phosphoprotein p130 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOLC1 gene.-Interactions:Nucleolar phosphoprotein p130 has been shown to interact with Coilin and CEBPB.-Further reading:...
- RELARELATranscription factor p65 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.-Interactions:RELA has been shown to interact with NFKBIB, ETHE1, NFKBIE, RFC1, TRIB3, CREB binding protein, Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Glucocorticoid receptor, MTPN, BRCA1, C-Fos, POU2F1, BTRC, TATA-binding...
- Serum response factorSerum response factorSerum response factor , also known as SRF, is a transcription factor.It is a member of the MADS box superfamily of transcription factors. This protein binds to the serum response element in the promoter region of target genes...
- SMARCA2SMARCA2Probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCA2 gene.-Interactions:SMARCA2 has been shown to interact with SS18, ACTL6A, SIN3A, POLR2A, Prohibitin, SMARCC1, CEBPB, SMARCB1 and ARID1B....
- Sp1 transcription factor
- TRIM28TRIM28Tripartite motif-containing 28 also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM24 gene.- Function :...
- Zif268Zif268EGR-1 also known as Zif268 or NGFI-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene....
.