Dehri
Encyclopedia
Dehri On Sone (Traditionally called देह्री घाट, New English name: Dehri–on–Sone or डेहरी ऑन स़ोन, means on the bank of Sone River) is a city and a municipality in Rohtas district
Rohtas district
Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km² , a population of 2,448,762 , and a population density of 636 persons per km²...

 in the state of Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....

, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. It is a Sub Division under Patna Division and Headquarter of The Bihar Military Police (BMP-2) as well as The Police headquarters of the Sahabad Range. This city is also known as an industrial Town of the Rohtas district
Rohtas district
Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km² , a population of 2,448,762 , and a population density of 636 persons per km²...

. Dehri is Well connected by road and rail and has own airbase.

Geography

Dehri lies on the bank of the Sone River with an average elevation of 99 metres (324 feet). It has a Railway station on the Gaya-Mughalsarai section
Gaya-Mughalsarai section
The Gaya-Mughalsarai section is a railway line connecting Gaya and Mughalsarai. This track is part of the Grand Chord and in under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.-Grand Chord:...

 of Grand Chord
Grand Chord
Grand Chord- also known as The Life line of India is a section of the Indian Railways and is one of the two parts of the main Delhi-Howrah route. It acts as a link between Sitarampur, and Mughal Sarai, Uttar Pradesh, and covers a stretch of 450 km...

 railways route. Until 1984, it had three railway stations. There were two separate railway stations called Dehri–on–Sone - one for narrow gauge Dehri Rohtas Light Railway and one for the Grand Chord Line. The two railway stations had no rail link because of gauge difference and were separated by a road called Station road. The third station, Dehri City Railway station, was situated at the centre of the town on Dehri-Rohtas light Railway route. The Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road also formerly known as Uttarapatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads...

/शेर शाह सूरी मार्ग (NH 2) passes through the heart of the town. Dalmianagar, an industrial town is close to Dehri. Dehri is also called Dehri-On-Sone and sometimes combined as Dehri-Dalmianagar. The main occupation of the local population is agriculture - principally rice. Limestone, sand and coal is also mined.

Closure of the industrial complex

The Industrial town of Dalmianagar was founded by the industrialist Ramkrishna Dalmia
Dalmia
The Dalmia Group of Companies came into existence in India in the early 1930s as the Dalmia-Jain Group. Founded by the late Ramkrishna Dalmia, with the assistance of his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and his son-in-law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain, the group’s activities included banks and insurance...

, a doyens of business in 20th century India and founder of the Dalmia
Dalmia
The Dalmia Group of Companies came into existence in India in the early 1930s as the Dalmia-Jain Group. Founded by the late Ramkrishna Dalmia, with the assistance of his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and his son-in-law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain, the group’s activities included banks and insurance...

 group. He was assisted by his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and son in law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain in establishing many factories of Rohtas Industries Ltd. in Dalmianagar.

Shanti Prasad Jain took over Rohtas Industries Ltd. from his father-in-law, and under his stewardship, Dalmianagar developed into a massive industrial town from the 1940s till the 1980s with factories producing sugar, cement, paper, chemicals, vanaspati etc. employing top professionals of the country. Dehri boasted a housing colony, gardens, clubs, schools and market complexes for its employees. Rohtas Industries had their own private aircraft in those days and a small air-field at Dehri.

The prosperity of Dalmianagar started to decline in the mid 1970s as the law and order situation in this industrial town began to worsen. Workers were provoked to go on strikes for political reasons. Slowly, executives and professionals began to leave and the factories were mismanaged. By the mid 1980s factories started to shut down. Massive State Electricity Board bills remained unpaid by Rohtas Industries. There were irregularities in payment of salaries and wages to employees. By the 1990s, Dalmianagar
Dalmianagar
Dalmianagar is one of the oldest and biggest industrial towns in India. It is situated at Dehri-on-Sone on the banks of the Son River in Rohtas district of Bihar...

 was deserted.

A total of 12,629 workers employed in Rohtas Group of Industries Prior to its Closure in July 1984. 10,312 workers were permanent and remaining 2,317 were either contract labour or casual worker. Except for 444 employees engaged in essential services, including security services, all were thrown out of employment. Thus together with the unemployed registered with the local Employment exchange numbering 3,28,839, the total number of workers seeking employment as in June, 1987 added up to 3,41,024. The situation further worsened when thousands of people who were earlier engaged in ancillary industries in some form or the other also lost their job.

Dehri is a very old town and was prime camp on Sher Shah Suri Marg ( now Grand Trunk Road,NH#2 ). During the British empire, soldiers on its way from Kolkata to Delhi used to cross the river Sone and usually rested at a place now known as Parao meaning camp. It is also said that the name Dehri has been derived from the word "Dera" meaning basetown. It was also known for its mild climate during autumn and spring. Noted Bengali Novelist Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote his famous novel Grihadaaha in the town while he was on vacation. Dehri High School is one of the oldest secondary education centres in Bihar, established by the British for western-style education.

Demographics

According to the 2001 Indian census
Demographics of India
The demographics of India are inclusive of the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people , more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing...

, Dehri had a population of 119,007. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dehri has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74% and, female literacy is 57%. The official language is Hindi and English. People speak in Hindi but mostly in Bhojpuri and Magahi. Some well educated people speak English. Dehri is divided in 39 wards.

Climate

Although summer temperatures may reach 43 to 48 degrees Celsius, the average summer temperature is 38 degrees. During winter the temperature is around 5 to 10 degrees Celsius. Normal rainfall is 950 mm.

Education

For primary education, the city offers many government supported and private schools, which provide education in Hindi as well as English. Schools include Model School, DAV Public School, RBS Education Foundation, Holistic Heritage Academy, Sun Beam Public School, Gurukul School Sujanpur and Dehri High School, Dillion High School, High School (Inter College) Dalmiangar, STR School etc. GEMS English School is a missionary school.

There are many girls' schools including Rama Rani Jain Balika Uchch Vidyalaya, Balika vidyalaya, Dalmianagar and one womens' college: Mahila College. For higher education, there are several UG colleges: Jawahar Lal Nehru College, Jagjeevan College, Women's College and RKS College, Baba Ganinath College, Mata Gujari Mahila College.

Hospitals

Bose Clinic Hospital, Narayan Medical College and Hospital Jamuhar, ESI Hospital, Gems Hospital, Govt. Hospital, Govind Nursing Home

Transportation and connectivity

The city is a major stations: Dehri Junction. There are well connecting trains with India's major cities. The railway bridge between Dehri-On-Sone and Sonenagar is the longest railway bridge of India having length of 3.03 K.M. of 93 span each having a length of 32.58m. There is a domestic airport, Suara Airport in Dehri On Sine. It is occasionally used for private planes, choppers and helicopters. Dehri is well connected with major cities of India. There is a GT Road NH 2 connecting kolkatta and Delhi. The trains which stop in Dehri On Sone include the Ranchi Rajdhani Express, Ranchi Garib Rath, Kalka mail, Purushottam Exp, Mahabodhi Exp, Kolkata Mail, Jodhpur Exp, Poorva Express, Jharkhand Swarn Jayanti Express, Puri Express, Neelanchal Express, Jalianwala Bagh Express and Chambal Exp.The local public transportation is buses, Taxi, cycle rickshaw and auto rickshaw available 24 hours.

Indrapuri Barrage

Indrapuri Barrage
Indrapuri Barrage
Indrapuri Barrage is across the Son River in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar.-The Barrage:The Sone Barrage at Indrapuri is long and is the fourth longest barrage in the world...

 is one of the longest dams in India. It is located nearly 5 km from Main Town. From it flows two major and several other smaller canals which supply the whole of western and central Bihar with water for irrigation.

Rohtasgarh Fort

Situated at Rohtas, 40 km south of Dehri on Kaimur Range and 1500 m above sea level, It is accessible via NH 2C (National Highway 2C originating from NH 2 the Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road also formerly known as Uttarapatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads...

 at Dehri itself), famous for Rohtasgarh Fort
Rohtasgarh Fort
The Rohtas Fort is one of the most ancient forts of India located in a small town of Rohtas in Bihar. The culture of the Sone Valley is best symbolized by the Rohtas Fort which is a testimony of strength and power. Sadly, the majestic fort lies in utter state of ruins reminiscent of its great past,...

. Rohitashva, son of King Harishchandra
Harishchandra
Harishchandra, in Hindu religious texts is the 36th king of the Solar Dynasty, Surya Maharishi Gothram . His legend is very popular and often told as a benchmark for an ideal life. He was renowned for his piety and justice. His name is Sanskrit for "having golden splendour".Harishchandra had two...

 founded the town of Rohtas Garh in Rohtas district, Bihar, as well as Rohtak. Punjab, originally Rohitakaul, meaning from the Kul (family) of Rohit. The Rohtas Fort is one of the most ancient forts of India. The culture of the Sone Valley is best symbolized by the Rohtasgarh Fort
Rohtasgarh Fort
The Rohtas Fort is one of the most ancient forts of India located in a small town of Rohtas in Bihar. The culture of the Sone Valley is best symbolized by the Rohtas Fort which is a testimony of strength and power. Sadly, the majestic fort lies in utter state of ruins reminiscent of its great past,...

, which is a testimony of strength and power. Places of interest here are Hathiya Pol and Elephant Gate, The Aina Mahal, Jami Masjid and Habsh Khan's mausoleum, Ganesh Temple, The Hanging House, Rohtasan Temple and Devi Temple, Diwan-e-khas, and Diwan-e-aam. There are many waterfalls in this area, falls from top of kaimur hill towards east and joins Sone River and one can also Visit Dhurwan Kund & Gupta Dham caves, Shergarh fort on this Hill.

Sasaram

Situated 17 km West of Dehri, Sasaram is accessible via Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road also formerly known as Uttarapatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads...

/NH 2 and by train. Sasaram
Sasaram
Sasaram , sometimes also spelled as Sahasram, is the administrative headquarters of the Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar.It is one of the oldest cities in India, and is famous for production of stone chips and for the local quarrying industry...

 has a railway station (Junction) on Howrah-New Delhi Grand Chord line of the Indian Railways, connecting Calcutta and New Delhi, headquarters of Rohtas District as well as the Sadar Subdivision Sasaram.

There are several monuments near town including the Sher Shah Suri Tomb
Sher Shah Suri Tomb
The tomb of Sher Shah Suri is in the Sasaram town of Bihar state, India. The tomb was built in memory of Emperor Sher Shah Suri, a Pathan from Bihar who defeated the Mughal Empire and founded the Suri Empire in northern India. He died in an accidental gunpowder explosion in the fort of Kalinjar on...

, a hexagonally-shaped tomb built of stone, which dates back to the middle of the sixteenth century. This tomb is the second highest tomb in India. It is situated in the middle of a big tank. It is a fine specimen of the pathan architecture, and a tourist attraction. Recently Sher Shah Suri Tomb was selected as "3rd Wonder of Bihar" and nominated for "7 Wonders of India."

The tomb of Hasan Khan Suri, father of Sher Shah, is also located in Sasaram. His tomb is also known as Sukha Roza.

There is a temple of Goddess Tarachandi and a small inscription of Pratap Dhawal on the rock close to the temple of Chandi Devi. Hindus assemble there in large numbers to worship the goddess.

Festivals

Major festivals are Holi
Holi
Holi , is a religious spring festival celebrated by Hindus. Holi is also known as festival of Colours. It is primarily observed in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and countries with large Indic diaspora populations following Hinduism, such as Suriname, Malaysia, Guyana, South Africa, Trinidad, United...

, Durgapuja, Dussehra
Vijayadashami
Vijayadashami also known as Dasara, is one of the most important festivals celebrated in various forms, across India, Nepal and Bangladesh...

, Diwali
Diwali
Diwali or DeepavaliThe name of the festival in various regional languages include:, , , , , , , , , , , , , popularly known as the "festival of lights," is a festival celebrated between mid-October and mid-December for different reasons...

, Chitragupt Puja, Bhai dooj, Teej
Teej
Teej is a fasting festival for Hindu women. It takes place on the third day of Shukla Paksha of the Shraavana or Saawan month of Hindu calendar that normally falls from late July to early September...

, Vat Savitri pooja and most important is Chhath
Chhath
Chhath is an ancient Hindu festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, also known as Surya Shashti. The Chhath Puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth and to request the granting of certain wishes. The Sun, considered the god of energy and of the life-force, is...

. Chhath is grandly celebrated in the town. The whole town is decorated and wherever people from the town have migrated to, they come back to celebrate this festival. People dedicate themselves in social services like cleaning of roads, helping others during this festival.

Shopping

There are two main markets, Dehri Bazaar and Station Road Bazaar. There is no local speciality of Dehri markets. Shopping center at old GT Road Sinha Complex is under construction single largest seventh floor shopping complex in town.

Dehri is also a hub of jewellery manufacturing for local towns and cities like Garhwa
Garhwa
Garhwa is a city and a municipality in, and headquarters of, Garhwa district in the state of Jharkhand, India.-Geography:Garhwa is located at . It has an average elevation of .-Demographics:...

, Daltonganj
Daltonganj
Daltonganj is a town in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the headquarters of Palamu division and Palamu district, as well as subdivision and block of the same name...

, Sasaram
Sasaram
Sasaram , sometimes also spelled as Sahasram, is the administrative headquarters of the Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar.It is one of the oldest cities in India, and is famous for production of stone chips and for the local quarrying industry...

, Aurangabad
Aurangabad, Bihar
Aurangabad is a city and a municipality in Aurangabad district in the state of Bihar, India. Aurangabad is the district headquarters of the Aurangabad district. It is situated on the Grand Trunk Road. The people of this region primarily speak Magahi. Due to lack of industrialization, people are...

 and Bhabhua.

Hotels and Restaurants

De Traveller's Lodge was the oldest boarding and lodging place of the town. Sone View Hotel also operated for a long time. Amongst existing Hotels are Rimjhim Hotel is the oldest hotel, situated in Pali Road. Urvashi Hotel, Vandana Hotel, Hotel Sonebreez ( Earlier PPCL HQ ), Upkar hotel, Samrat Hotel, Aashirwad Hotel are some important hotels. Hotels situated on Station Road include Hanumani Niketan, Sufi niketan, Vivah Mandap, Agrasen Bhawan and Lagan Mandap.

Nearby Villages

Katar
Katar
The katara or suwaiya is a type of push dagger from India. It is characterised by its H-shaped horizontal hand grip, which results in the blade of the sword sitting above the user's knuckles. Unique to South Asia, it is the most famous and characteristic of Indian daggers...

, Bastipur
Bastipur
-Geography and climate:Bastipur is near Dehri and Sasaram, in Bihar, India. This village is situated at the bank of the Sone River with an average elevation of 99 metres and is also surrounded partially by the Kaimur Range.-Demographics:...

, Narayanpur, Dillian, Bhaisaha, Pahleja, Rajpur, Bank, Akori Gola, Sidhauli, Sanat Bigha, Bheria, Tar-bangala, Manikpur, Manoura, paruhar, Badiha, Ayarkotha , Darihat, Makrain, Saron, Bisrampur, Sakhra, Baligaon, Durgapur, Amari

Bank

The name of this village has been mentioned in the epic Ramayana, when Lord Ram was on his way to Buxar then while passing through this village he has to face a devil named Bankasur. And after getting rid of him he further went to Buxar, again he faced Tadika at Buxar, and this village got the name after Bankasur.This is the largest village of Rohtas District.

Katar

The unique name of the village of Katar derived its name from an incident that took place at the time of first War of Independence (1857). 'Katar' means 'a knife'. Villagers killed British police using knives and threw their bodies in a nearby well.

Katar is nearby other villages like Narayanpur in the north, Shankarpur in south, Sone River in east and Bhaluari in west. This village has population around 1500-1600. It has two Govt. primary school located in the vicinity and one DAV public School run by private organisation.

There is one famous temple in the village which is Kaali Mandir. All the people who get married take the blessings of Maa Kaali before and after marriage. During Durga puja this temple witnesses a large gathering of people from nearby villages and also from far flung areas like Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

, Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...

, Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...

, Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...

, Gujarat, Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...

, Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...

 and Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...



Many residents work at the Navratna PSU Bokaro Steel Plant
Bokaro Steel Plant
Bokaro Steel Plant is located in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand. It is the fourth integrated public sector steel plant in India built with Soviet help. It was incorporated as a limited company in 1964. It was later merged with the state-owned Steel Authority of India Limited .Formerly it was...

.

Bastipur

This village is situated in Bhaishaha panchayat. It is connected to the NH-2C.In this Village Basic School {Pawan Singh}, Ajay Singh{Guddu Singh}, Vipul Singh .

Sujanpur

This village is situated in Bhaishaha panchayat. It is connected to the NH-2C.In this Village Gurukul School run by Gurukul Managing Committee in Sujanpur.
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK