List of religious houses in Scotland is a link page to any abbey, priory, friary or other religious house in Scotland.-Abbreviations and Key:-Aberdeen:
-Aberdeenshire:-Angus:-Argyll & Bute:...
for the maintenance of its members, one half of whom would be members of the "eclastical dignity."
The Parliament of ScotlandThe Parliament of Scotland, officially the Estates of Parliament, was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland. The unicameral parliament of Scotland is first found on record during the early thirteenth century, and the first meeting for which reliable evidence survives The Parliament of...
passed an ActAn act of Parliament is a statute enacted as primary legislation by a national or sub-national parliament....
on 17 May 1532 authorising the creation of the college with 14 members, half spiritual, half temporal, plus a president and the Lord ChancellorThe Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in pre-Union Scotland.Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal...
.
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The College of Justice is a term used to describe the Supreme Courts of Scotland, and its associated bodies.
The constituent bodies of the supreme courtA supreme court is in some jurisdictions the highest judicial body within that jurisdiction's court system, whose rulings are not subject to further review by another court. The designations for such courts differ among jurisdictions...
s of ScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
are the Court of SessionThe Court of Session is the supreme civil court of Scotland. It is both a court of first instance and a court of appeal and sits exclusively in Parliament House in Edinburgh.The Sheriff Court is the other Scottish civil court; this sits locally...
, the High Court of JusticiaryThe High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court of Scotland.The High Court is both a court of first instance and a court of appeal. As a court of first instance, the High Court sits mainly in Parliament House, or in the former Sheriff Court building, in Edinburgh, but also sits from time...
, and the Accountant of Court's Office. Its associated bodies are the Faculty of AdvocatesThe Faculty of Advocates is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary...
, the Society of Writers to Her Majesty's Signet and the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of ScotlandThe Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland is a professional association of solicitors in Scotland representing those lawyers who practice in and around the College of Justice...
.
The College is headed by the Lord President of the Court of SessionThe Lord President of the Court of Session is head of the judiciary in Scotland, and presiding judge of the College of Justice and Court of Session, as well as being Lord Justice General of Scotland and head of the High Court of Justiciary, the offices having been combined in 1836...
, who also holds the title of Lord Justice General in relation to the High Court of Justiciary, and judges of the Court of Session and High Court are titled Senators of the College of Justice.
History
The College was founded in 1532 by King James VJames V was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his premature death at the age of thirty, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss...
following a bullA Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a pope. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end to authenticate it....
issued by Pope Clement VIIPope Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:...
on 15 September, which provided for 10,000 gold ducats to be contributed by the Scottish bishopricsChristianity in Medieval Scotland pertains to the Christian religion in Scotland in the Middle Ages. Prior to the Reformation, in the early modern period, Scotland was a Roman Catholic country.-Early Christianity:...
and monastic institutionsList of religious houses in Scotland is a link page to any abbey, priory, friary or other religious house in Scotland.-Abbreviations and Key:-Aberdeen: -Aberdeenshire:-Angus:-Argyll & Bute:...
for the maintenance of its members, one half of whom would be members of the "eclastical dignity."
The Parliament of ScotlandThe Parliament of Scotland, officially the Estates of Parliament, was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland. The unicameral parliament of Scotland is first found on record during the early thirteenth century, and the first meeting for which reliable evidence survives The Parliament of...
passed an ActAn act of Parliament is a statute enacted as primary legislation by a national or sub-national parliament....
on 17 May 1532 authorising the creation of the college with 14 members, half spiritual, half temporal, plus a president and the Lord ChancellorThe Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in pre-Union Scotland.Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal...
. The college convened for the first time on 27 May 1532, in the royal presence.
Supplementing the 14 ordinary lords, who were called Senators, were an indefinite number of
supernumerary judges called extraordinary lords.
The founding members of the College of Justice were:
the Lord Chancellor, Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of GlasgowThe Bishop of Glasgow, after 1492 Archbishop of Glasgow, was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Glasgow and then, as Archbishop of Glasgow, the Archdiocese of Glasgow...
;
the Lord President, Alexander Myln, Abbot of CambuskennethCambuskenneth Abbey is a ruined Augustinian monastery located on an area of land enclosed by a meander of the River Forth near Stirling in Scotland. Although the abbey is largely disused, the neighbouring village of Cambuskenneth continues to be inhabited....
;
Richard Bothwell, Rector of AshkirkAshkirk is a small village in the Scottish Borders. It is located on the A7 road, approximately 6 miles each way between Selkirk to the north and Hawick to the south.-External links:...
;
John Dingwell, Provost of Trinity CollegeTrinity College Kirk was a royal collegiate church in Edinburgh, Scotland. The kirk and its adjacent almshouse, Trinity Hospital, were founded in 1460 by Mary of Gueldres in memory of her husband, King James II...
;
Henry White, Rector of Finevin;
William Gibson, Dean of RestalrigRestalrig is a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is west of the A199 road.The oldest building is the chapel of Saint Triduana in Restalrig village. The castle of the Logan family, now owned by Edinburgh Council, overlooks Lochend Park....
;
Thomas Hay, Dean of DunbarDunbar is a town in East Lothian on the southeast coast of Scotland, approximately 30 miles east of Edinburgh and 28 miles from the English Border at Berwick-upon-Tweed.Dunbar is a former Royal Burgh and gave its name to an ecclesiastical and civil parish...
;
Robert Reid, Abbot of KinlossKinloss is a village in Moray, Scotland. It is located near the shore of Findhorn Bay, around 3 miles from Findhorn and 2.5 miles from Forres. RAF Kinloss is located northeast of the village and employs 5,000 people....
;
George Ker, Provost of DunglassDunglass is a location in East Lothian, Scotland. Dunglass is the birthplace of James Hall, an 18th century Scottish geologist and geophysicist.-Geography:...
;
Sir William Scott of Balweary;
Sir John Campbell of LundyLundy is the largest island in the Bristol Channel, lying off the coast of Devon, England, approximately one third of the distance across the channel between England and Wales. Lundy gives its name to a British sea area and is one of the islands of England....
;
Sir James Colville of Easter Wemyss;
Sir Adam Otterburn of Auldhame and Redhall, King's Advocate;
Nicholas Crawford of Oxengangs;
Francis Bothwell of EdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It is the second largest Scottish city, after Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas....
(brother of Richard);
James Lawson of Edinburgh;
Sir James Foulis of ColintonColinton is a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland situated 6 kilometres south west of the city centre. It is bordered by Juniper Green to the west.-History:...
(He was added at the first meeting of the court when the king added him as a "Lord of the Session".
The College at its foundation dealt with underdeveloped civilCivil law, as opposed to criminal law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals and/or organizations, in which compensation may be awarded to the victim...
and criminal lawThe term criminal law, sometimes called penal law, refers to any of various bodies of rules in different jurisdictions whose common characteristic is the potential for unique and often severe impositions as punishment for failure to comply...
. There was little legal literature. Acts of the Parliament of ScotlandThe Parliament of Scotland, officially the Estates of Parliament, was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland. The unicameral parliament of Scotland is first found on record during the early thirteenth century, and the first meeting for which reliable evidence survives The Parliament of...
and the books of the Old Law as well as CivilThe term Roman law denotes the legal system of ancient Rome, and the legal developments which occurred before the seventh century AD — when the Roman–Byzantine state adopted Greek as the official lingua franca. The development of Roman law comprises more than a thousand years of jurisprudence —...
and Canon lawCanon law is the body of laws and regulations made by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
texts were about all to which the pursuer and defender could refer. It was only after the establishment of the court that this situation improved, with judges noting their decisions in books of practicks.
The Treaty of Union 1707 with EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
preserved the Scottish Legal System. Article XIX provided "that the Court of Session or College of Justice do after the Union and notwithstanding thereof remain in all time coming within Scotland, and that the Court of Justiciary do also after the Union ... remain in all time coming."
See also
- Senator of the College of Justice
The Senators of the College of Justice are judges of the College of Justice, a set of legal institutions involved in the administration of justice in Scotland. There are three types of Senator: Lords of Session ; Lords Commissioner of Justiciary ; and the Chairman of the Scottish Land Court...
- Historic List of Senators of the College of Justice
A list of the Senators of the College of Justice in Scotland from 1689 to present.-Sources:*An Historical Account of the Senators of the College of Justice from its Institution in MDXXXII by George Brunton and David Haig, published by Thomas Clark MDCCCXXXII - for entries 1689 to 1850 only* - for...
- Extraordinary Lord of Session
Extraordinary Lords of Session were lay members of the Court of Session in Scotland from 1532 to 1762.When the Court of Session was founded in 1532, it consisted of the Lord President, 14 Ordinary Lords and three or four Extraordinary Lords. The Extraordinary Lords were nominees of the King, not...
External links
- Supreme Courts at the National Archives of Scotland
Based in Edinburgh, the National Archives of Scotland are the national archives of Scotland. The NAS claims to have one of the most varied collection of archives in Europe...
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