Charlie Drake
Encyclopedia
Charlie Drake was an English
comedian
, actor
, writer
and singer.
With his small stature (5' 1" tall), curly red hair and liking for slapstick
he was a popular comedian with children in his early years, becoming nationally-known for his "Hello, my darlings" catchphrase. The catchphrase came about because he was short, and so his eyes would often be naturally directly level with a lady's bosom. Because of this and because in his work he preferred working with the fuller, bigger busted lady, the catchphrase was born.
He died from complications from a stroke on 23 December 2006, aged 81.
, Southwark
, South London
, he took his mother's maiden name for the stage and, later, television
and film
, achieving success as a comedian.
Drake made his first appearance on stage at the age of eight, and after leaving school toured working men's club
s. After serving in the Royal Air Force
during World War II
, Drake turned professional and made his TV debut in The Centre Show in 1953. He then joined his wartime comrade Jack Edwardes to form a double act
, named 'Mick and Montmorency'. In 1954 he appeared with Bob Monkhouse
in the film
, Fast and Loose.
He appeared in the television shows Laughter in Store (1957), Drake's Progress (1957), Charlie Drake In… (1958 to 1960) and The Charlie Drake Show (1960 to 1961), being remembered for his opening catchphrase "Hello, my darlings!" Filming of the Charlie Drake Show by the BBC
was cut short, however, by a serious accident that occurred in 1961, during a live transmission. Drake had arranged for a bookcase
to be set up in such a way that it would fall apart during a slapstick sketch in which he was pulled through it. It was later discovered that an over-enthusiastic workman had "mended" the bookcase before the broadcast. The actors working with him, unaware of what had happened, proceeded with the rest of the sketch which required that they pick him up and throw him through an open window. Drake fractured his skull and was unconscious for three days. It was two years before he returned to the screen.
TV fame led to four films, none of them successful — Sands of the Desert
(1960), Petticoat Pirates
(1961), The Cracksman
(1963) and Mister Ten Per Cent
(1967). He returned to TV in 1963 with The Charlie Drake Show, a compilation of which won an award at the Montreux Festival
in 1968. The centrepiece of this was an extended sketch featuring an orchestra in which Drake appeared to play all the instruments; as well as conducting and one scene in which he was the player of a triangle waiting for his cue to play a single strike - which he subsequently missed.
Through the series he played a gymnast doing a single arm twist from a high ring while a commentator counted eventually into the thousands and by the end of the series, Drake's arm appeared to be 20 ft long. Other shows included Who is Sylvia (1967) and Slapstick and Old Lace (1971), but it was The Worker (1965 to 1970) that gained most acclaim.
/ITV
) he played a perpetually unemployed labourer who, in every episode, was dispatched to a new job by the ever-frustrated Mr. Pugh (Henry McGee
) at the local labour exchange. All the jobs he embarked upon ended in disaster, sometimes with a burst of classic slapstick, sometimes with a bewildered Drake himself at the centre of incomprehensible actions by the people employing him. Bookending these sequences were the encounters between Drake and Pugh. Running jokes included Drake's inability to manage Mr Pugh's name, his mispronunciations ranging from a childish "Mi'er Poo" to "Peeyooo". Drake sang the theme song himself, using an old music hall number.
He recorded a number of records, most of them produced by George Martin
for the Parlophone
label. The first, "Splish Splash", a cover version
of a rock and roll
song originally recorded by Bobby Darin
, got into the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart
,. An edited version of "My Boomerang Won't Come Back
", became a mid-chart (#14 UK charts), following on from "Mr. Custer" (#12 UK charts) hit
. A popular and familiar character on children's UK television, for the most part his work was not really known or appreciated in the US.
Peter Gabriel
, after leaving Genesis
in late 1975, produced
a single "You Never Know" for Drake (UK Charisma), but it was not a chart
success.
in Shakespeare's As You Like It
(at the Ludlow
Festival), and an award for his part in Harold Pinter
's The Caretaker. Drake also starred as Smallweed in the BBC adaptation of Bleak House
(1985), and Filipina Dreamgirls, a TV movie for the BBC. His final appearances on stage were with Jim Davidson
in his adult adaptation of Cinderella
, which was spelt SINderella, as Baron Hard-on. A live recording of one of the dates on the tour of the pantomime was later adapted, and edited for video, and put out for sale nationwide.
in 1995 and retired, staying at Brinsworth House
, a retirement home for actors and performers, run by the Entertainment Artistes' Benevolent Fund, until his death on 23 December 2006, after suffering multiple strokes the previous night.
song
The song, "Only A Working Man", written
by Herbert Rule and Fred Holt in 1923, was featured by Lily Morris
on the music hall stage, and in the 1930 film, Elstree Calling
, the original lyric being "He's only a workin' man".
English people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
comedian
Comedian
A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, or employing prop comedy...
, actor
Actor
An actor is a person who acts in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio in that capacity...
, writer
Writer
A writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
and singer.
With his small stature (5' 1" tall), curly red hair and liking for slapstick
Slapstick
Slapstick is a type of comedy involving exaggerated violence and activities which may exceed the boundaries of common sense.- Origins :The phrase comes from the batacchio or bataccio — called the 'slap stick' in English — a club-like object composed of two wooden slats used in Commedia dell'arte...
he was a popular comedian with children in his early years, becoming nationally-known for his "Hello, my darlings" catchphrase. The catchphrase came about because he was short, and so his eyes would often be naturally directly level with a lady's bosom. Because of this and because in his work he preferred working with the fuller, bigger busted lady, the catchphrase was born.
He died from complications from a stroke on 23 December 2006, aged 81.
Biography
Born Charles Edward Springall in the Elephant and CastleElephant and Castle
The Elephant and Castle is a major road intersection in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Southwark. It is also used as a name for the surrounding area....
, Southwark
Metropolitan Borough of Southwark
The Metropolitan Borough of Southwark was a metropolitan borough in the County of London from 1900 to 1965. It was created to cover the western section of the ancient borough of Southwark and formed the northwestern part of the current London Borough of Southwark. In common with the rest of inner...
, South London
South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, United Kingdom.According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition, South London includes the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Southwark, Sutton and...
, he took his mother's maiden name for the stage and, later, television
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
and film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
, achieving success as a comedian.
Drake made his first appearance on stage at the age of eight, and after leaving school toured working men's club
Working men's club
Working men's clubs are a type of private social club founded in the 19th century in industrial areas of the United Kingdom, particularly the North of England, the Midlands and many parts of the South Wales Valleys, to provide recreation and education for working class men and their families.-...
s. After serving in the Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Formed on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world...
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Drake turned professional and made his TV debut in The Centre Show in 1953. He then joined his wartime comrade Jack Edwardes to form a double act
Double act
A double act, also known as a comedy duo, is a comic pairing in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners, usually of the same gender, age, ethnic origin and profession, but drastically different personalities or behavior...
, named 'Mick and Montmorency'. In 1954 he appeared with Bob Monkhouse
Bob Monkhouse
Robert Alan "Bob" Monkhouse, OBE was an English entertainer. He was a successful comedy writer, comedian and actor and was also well known on British television as a presenter and game show host...
in the film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
, Fast and Loose.
He appeared in the television shows Laughter in Store (1957), Drake's Progress (1957), Charlie Drake In… (1958 to 1960) and The Charlie Drake Show (1960 to 1961), being remembered for his opening catchphrase "Hello, my darlings!" Filming of the Charlie Drake Show by the BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
was cut short, however, by a serious accident that occurred in 1961, during a live transmission. Drake had arranged for a bookcase
Bookcase
A bookcase, or bookshelf, is a piece of furniture, almost always with horizontal shelves, used to store books. A bookcase consists of a unit including two or more shelves which may not all be used to contain books or other printed materials. Shelves may be fixed or adjustable to different positions...
to be set up in such a way that it would fall apart during a slapstick sketch in which he was pulled through it. It was later discovered that an over-enthusiastic workman had "mended" the bookcase before the broadcast. The actors working with him, unaware of what had happened, proceeded with the rest of the sketch which required that they pick him up and throw him through an open window. Drake fractured his skull and was unconscious for three days. It was two years before he returned to the screen.
TV fame led to four films, none of them successful — Sands of the Desert
Sands of the Desert
Sands of the Desert is a 1960 British comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs and starring Charlie Drake, Peter Arne, Sarah Branch and Raymond Huntley...
(1960), Petticoat Pirates
Petticoat Pirates
Petticoat Pirates is a 1961 British comedy film directed by David MacDonald and starring Charlie Drake, Anne Heywood, Cecil Parker, John Turner and Thorley Walters.-Cast:* Charlie Drake as Charlie* Anne Heywood as Chief Officer Anne Stevens...
(1961), The Cracksman
The Cracksman
The Cracksman is a 1963 British comedy film directed by Peter Graham Scott.-Plot:Charlie Drake plays an honest locksmith whose problem is that he cannot resist the challenge of a lock. He gets smoothtalked into a safecracking scheme by a couple of ruthless gangsters. He is duped by a debonair con...
(1963) and Mister Ten Per Cent
Mister Ten Per Cent
Mister Ten Per Cent is a 1967 British comedy film, directed by Peter Graham Scott and starring Charlie Drake.-Plot:Percy Pointer, a construction worker and amateur dramatist, writes a drama 'Oh My Lord' and hopes to have it professionally produced. A dishonest producer agrees to back the play,...
(1967). He returned to TV in 1963 with The Charlie Drake Show, a compilation of which won an award at the Montreux Festival
Rose d'Or
The Rose d’Or is one of the most important international festivals in entertainment television. It was founded in Montreux in 1961 and has taken place in Lucerne since 2004. Producers, executives from independent and public service broadcasters and heads of production companies from over 40...
in 1968. The centrepiece of this was an extended sketch featuring an orchestra in which Drake appeared to play all the instruments; as well as conducting and one scene in which he was the player of a triangle waiting for his cue to play a single strike - which he subsequently missed.
Through the series he played a gymnast doing a single arm twist from a high ring while a commentator counted eventually into the thousands and by the end of the series, Drake's arm appeared to be 20 ft long. Other shows included Who is Sylvia (1967) and Slapstick and Old Lace (1971), but it was The Worker (1965 to 1970) that gained most acclaim.
The Worker
In The Worker (ATVAssociated TeleVision
Associated Television, often referred to as ATV, was a British television company, holder of various licences to broadcast on the ITV network from 24 September 1955 until 00:34 on 1 January 1982...
/ITV
ITV
ITV is the major commercial public service TV network in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1955 under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority to provide competition to the BBC, it is also the oldest commercial network in the UK...
) he played a perpetually unemployed labourer who, in every episode, was dispatched to a new job by the ever-frustrated Mr. Pugh (Henry McGee
Henry McGee
Henry McGee was a British actor, best known as straight man to Benny Hill for many years. McGee was also often the announcer on Hill's TV programme, delivering the upbeat intro "Yes! It's The Benny Hill Show!"...
) at the local labour exchange. All the jobs he embarked upon ended in disaster, sometimes with a burst of classic slapstick, sometimes with a bewildered Drake himself at the centre of incomprehensible actions by the people employing him. Bookending these sequences were the encounters between Drake and Pugh. Running jokes included Drake's inability to manage Mr Pugh's name, his mispronunciations ranging from a childish "Mi'er Poo" to "Peeyooo". Drake sang the theme song himself, using an old music hall number.
He recorded a number of records, most of them produced by George Martin
George Martin
Sir George Henry Martin CBE is an English record producer, arranger, composer and musician. He is sometimes referred to as "the Fifth Beatle"— a title that he often describes as "nonsense," but the fact remains that he served as producer on all but one of The Beatles' original albums...
for the Parlophone
Parlophone
Parlophone is a record label that was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The British branch was formed in 1923 as "Parlophone" which developed a reputation in the 1920s as a leading jazz label. It was acquired in 1927 by the Columbia Graphophone Company which...
label. The first, "Splish Splash", a cover version
Cover version
In popular music, a cover version or cover song, or simply cover, is a new performance or recording of a contemporary or previously recorded, commercially released song or popular song...
of a rock and roll
Rock and roll
Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily from a combination of African American blues, country, jazz, and gospel music...
song originally recorded by Bobby Darin
Bobby Darin
Bobby Darin , born Walden Robert Cassotto, was an American singer, actor and musician.Darin performed in a range of music genres, including pop, rock, jazz, folk and country...
, got into the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart
UK Singles Chart
The UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official Charts Company on behalf of the British record-industry. The full chart contains the top selling 200 singles in the United Kingdom based upon combined record sales and download numbers, though some media outlets only list the Top 40 or the Top 75 ...
,. An edited version of "My Boomerang Won't Come Back
My Boomerang Won't Come Back
"My Boomerang Won't Come Back" was a novelty record by British comedian Charlie Drake which became a surprise hit on both sides of the Atlantic in 1961....
", became a mid-chart (#14 UK charts), following on from "Mr. Custer" (#12 UK charts) hit
Hit record
A hit record is a sound recording, usually in the form of a single or album, that sells a large number of copies or otherwise becomes broadly popular or well-known, through airplay, club play, inclusion in a film or stage play soundtrack, causing it to have "hit" one of the popular chart listings...
. A popular and familiar character on children's UK television, for the most part his work was not really known or appreciated in the US.
Peter Gabriel
Peter Gabriel
Peter Brian Gabriel is an English singer, musician, and songwriter who rose to fame as the lead vocalist and flautist of the progressive rock group Genesis. After leaving Genesis, Gabriel went on to a successful solo career...
, after leaving Genesis
Genesis (band)
Genesis are an English rock band that formed in 1967. The band currently comprises the longest-tenured members Tony Banks , Mike Rutherford and Phil Collins . Past members Peter Gabriel , Steve Hackett and Anthony Phillips , also played major roles in the band in its early years...
in late 1975, produced
Record producer
A record producer is an individual working within the music industry, whose job is to oversee and manage the recording of an artist's music...
a single "You Never Know" for Drake (UK Charisma), but it was not a chart
Record chart
A record chart is a ranking of recorded music according to popularity during a given period of time. Examples of music charts are the Hit parade, Hot 100 or Top 40....
success.
Later career
Drake turned to straight acting in the 1980s, winning acclaim for his role as TouchstoneTouchstone (As You Like It)
Touchstone is an interesting fictional character in Shakespeare's play As You Like It. Touchstone is the court fool or jester, portrayed as a wise man with a dry, cynical wit. Throughout the play he comments on the other characters of the play and thus, contributes to a better understanding of the...
in Shakespeare's As You Like It
As You Like It
As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 or early 1600 and first published in the folio of 1623. The play's first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility...
(at the Ludlow
Ludlow
Ludlow is a market town in Shropshire, England close to the Welsh border and in the Welsh Marches. It lies within a bend of the River Teme, on its eastern bank, forming an area of and centred on a small hill. Atop this hill is the site of Ludlow Castle and the market place...
Festival), and an award for his part in Harold Pinter
Harold Pinter
Harold Pinter, CH, CBE was a Nobel Prize–winning English playwright and screenwriter. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party , The Homecoming , and Betrayal , each of which he adapted to...
's The Caretaker. Drake also starred as Smallweed in the BBC adaptation of Bleak House
Bleak House (1985 TV serial)
Bleak House was the second adaptation by the BBC of the Charles Dickens novel of the same name. The novel was adapted by Arthur Hopcraft....
(1985), and Filipina Dreamgirls, a TV movie for the BBC. His final appearances on stage were with Jim Davidson
Jim Davidson (comedian)
Jim Davidson OBE is a British comedian, actor and television presenter. He has been made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to entertainment, particularly of British service personnel in conflict zones.- Biography :The son of a Glaswegian father, Davidson was born in...
in his adult adaptation of Cinderella
Cinderella
"Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper" is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world. The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune...
, which was spelt SINderella, as Baron Hard-on. A live recording of one of the dates on the tour of the pantomime was later adapted, and edited for video, and put out for sale nationwide.
Retirement
Drake suffered a strokeStroke
A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...
in 1995 and retired, staying at Brinsworth House
Brinsworth House
Brinsworth House is a retirement home especially for members of the acting and entertainment professions, in Twickenham, Greater London, England. The house, opened in 1911, is provided and maintained by the Entertainment Artistes' Benevolent Fund, founded in 1908 to care for members of what was at...
, a retirement home for actors and performers, run by the Entertainment Artistes' Benevolent Fund, until his death on 23 December 2006, after suffering multiple strokes the previous night.
Personal life
Drake was married twice, both times to dancers, and was survived by three sons. Aged 51, Drake married his second wife, 18-year-old Elaine Bird, but the marriage was dissolved in 1984.Singles
- "Splish Splash" / "Hello My Darlings" (1958) UKUK Singles ChartThe UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official Charts Company on behalf of the British record-industry. The full chart contains the top selling 200 singles in the United Kingdom based upon combined record sales and download numbers, though some media outlets only list the Top 40 or the Top 75 ...
#7 - "Volare" / "Itchy Twitchy Feeling" (1958) UK #28
- "Tom Thumb's Tune" / "Goggle Eye Ghee" (1958)
- "Sea Cruise" / "Starkle Starkle Little Twink" (1959)
- "Naughty" / "Old Mr Shadow" (1960)
- "Mr Custer" / "Glow Worm" (1960) UK #12
- "My Boomerang Won't Come BackMy Boomerang Won't Come Back"My Boomerang Won't Come Back" was a novelty record by British comedian Charlie Drake which became a surprise hit on both sides of the Atlantic in 1961....
" / "She's My Girl" (1961) UK #14 ; USUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
#21; AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
#1 - "Tanglefoot" / "Drake's Progress" (1962)
- "I Bent My Assegai" / "Sweet Freddy Green" (1962)
- "I've Lost The End Of My Yodel" / "I Can, Can't I" (1963)
- "I'm Too Heavy for the Light Brigade" / "The Reluctant Tight-Rope Walker" (1964)
- "Charles Drake 007" / "Bumpanology" (1964)
- "Only A Working Man" / "I'm A Boy" (1965)
- "Don't Trim My Wick" / "Birds" (1966)
- "Who Is Sylvia" / "I Wanna Be a Group" (1967)
- "Puckwudgie" / "Toffee and Tears" (1972) UK #47
- "You Never Know" (1976) (produced by Peter Gabriel)
- "Super Punk" (1976) (spoofParodyA parody , in current usage, is an imitative work created to mock, comment on, or trivialise an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation...
record)- It has been claimed that Drake was also responsible for "Gimme That Punk Junk" (also 1976), recorded under the name The Water PistolsThe Water PistolsThe Water Pistols were a rock band whose one novelty record released in 1976 spoofs the then-current punk rock movement. It has sometimes been claimed that the singer was actually British comedian Charlie Drake, but this appears to be due to confusion with his record Super Punk .Both songs on the...
, but this may be due to confusion between the two records; Dave Goodman's website refers to the two titles as separate entities.
- It has been claimed that Drake was also responsible for "Gimme That Punk Junk" (also 1976), recorded under the name The Water Pistols
Theme Tune from The Worker
Drake sang the theme song himself, based upon an old music hallMusic hall
Music Hall is a type of British theatrical entertainment which was popular between 1850 and 1960. The term can refer to:# A particular form of variety entertainment involving a mixture of popular song, comedy and speciality acts...
song
- I gets up every mornin' when the clock strikes eight
- I'm always punctual, never never late
- With a nice cup of tea, a little round of toast
- The Sporting Life and the Winning Post.
- I gets all nice and tidy, then I toddles off to work
- I do the best I can
- Cos I'm only a-doin' what a bloke should do
- Cos I'm only a workin' man!
The song, "Only A Working Man", written
Songwriter
A songwriter is an individual who writes both the lyrics and music to a song. Someone who solely writes lyrics may be called a lyricist, and someone who only writes music may be called a composer...
by Herbert Rule and Fred Holt in 1923, was featured by Lily Morris
Lily Morris
Lily Morris , born Lilles Mary Crosby, was an English music hall performer, who specialized in comedic singing....
on the music hall stage, and in the 1930 film, Elstree Calling
Elstree Calling
Elstree Calling is a film directed by Andre Charlot, Jack Hulbert, Paul Murray, and Alfred Hitchcock at Elstree Studios. The film, referred to as "A Cine-Radio Revue" in its original publicity, is a lavish musical film revue and was Britain's answer to the Hollywood revues which had been produced...
, the original lyric being "He's only a workin' man".
Selected filmography
- The Golden LinkThe Golden LinkThe Golden Link is a 1954 British crime film directed by Charles Saunders and starring André Morell, Thea Gregory and Patrick Holt. Police try to solve a case involving a woman who fell to her death from the top of a block of high-rise flats.-Cast:...
(1954) - Sands of the DesertSands of the DesertSands of the Desert is a 1960 British comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs and starring Charlie Drake, Peter Arne, Sarah Branch and Raymond Huntley...
(1960) - Petticoat PiratesPetticoat PiratesPetticoat Pirates is a 1961 British comedy film directed by David MacDonald and starring Charlie Drake, Anne Heywood, Cecil Parker, John Turner and Thorley Walters.-Cast:* Charlie Drake as Charlie* Anne Heywood as Chief Officer Anne Stevens...
(1961) - The CracksmanThe CracksmanThe Cracksman is a 1963 British comedy film directed by Peter Graham Scott.-Plot:Charlie Drake plays an honest locksmith whose problem is that he cannot resist the challenge of a lock. He gets smoothtalked into a safecracking scheme by a couple of ruthless gangsters. He is duped by a debonair con...
(1963) - Mister Ten Per CentMister Ten Per CentMister Ten Per Cent is a 1967 British comedy film, directed by Peter Graham Scott and starring Charlie Drake.-Plot:Percy Pointer, a construction worker and amateur dramatist, writes a drama 'Oh My Lord' and hopes to have it professionally produced. A dishonest producer agrees to back the play,...
(1967) - Professor Popper's Problems (1974)