Charles Jaffe
Encyclopedia
Charles Jaffé (circa 1879, Dubroŭna
, Belarus
– 12 July 1941, Brooklyn
, USA) was a Belarusian-American chess
master
, of virtually Grandmaster strength at his peak in the 1910s, when he was one of the world's top players. Jaffe was also a chess writer.
(now in Vitsebsk Voblast
), Belarus
(then Russian Empire
). Considerable doubt exists as to his precise birthdate, as raised by chess historian Edward Winter
and others. Various sources list his birthdate anywhere between 1876 and 1887. Jaffe emigrated to the United States in 1896, and settled in New York City. He worked as a silk-mill merchant until he became a professional chess player in 1910.
, ranked #17 in the world by Chessmetrics
, by 2-0 in a match at New York 1907. In 1909, Jaffe took 3rd at Bath Beach, Brooklyn
NY (Herbert Rosenfeld won). Also in 1909, Jaffe lost a match to Frank Marshall, ranked #7 in the world, by only 3.5-5.5 (+2 =3 -4). In 1910, Jaffe took 3rd at New York (Marshall won). In 1911, he tied for 3rd-4th at New York, with 9/12 (Marshall won). In 1911, he tied for 23rd-26th, with 8.5/25, at Carlsbad
, a 26-player round-robin; Richard Teichmann
won. This was one of the greatest tournaments in chess history, with 17 of the world's top 25 players. In 1913, he took 3rd at New York (National), with 9.5/13, as José Raúl Capablanca
won. In 1913, he lost a match to Capablanca at New York by 0.5-2.5. In that same year, he won matches in New York against Mieses and Oscar Chajes
.
Jaffe was nicknamed "the Crown Prince of East Side Chess" by the poet and chessmaster Alfred Kreymborg
. He often played at the Stuyvesant Chess Club, hangout of chess hustlers and interesting characters, which had many strong players, and was located on Manhattan
's Lower East Side
. "Jaffe was famous for his poverty", and "his style was "inimitably coffeehouse". Jaffe made much of his income through challenge games and odds games played there. The colorful atmosphere of the Club in that era was outlined by in the book The Bobby Fischer I Knew And Other Stories.
, with 5.5/14, as Marshall won; this event had two of the world's top ten, and five of its top 48 players. In this tournament, Capablanca charged that Jaffe had intentionally lost his second cycle game to Marshall, allowing Marshall to win the tournament ahead of Capablanca, who was playing in his hometown. In the game in question, in a fairly even middlegame
position, Jaffe made a gross blunder
which lost a queen
for a rook
, and then promptly resigned. While the mistake was certainly shocking for a player of Jaffe's standard, other top players throughout chess history have occasionally made similar blunders in tournament play. For example, Capablanca himself at New York 1931 blundered in the opening
, and lost a piece
to Herman Steiner
because of a terrible eighth move. Capablanca apparently then arranged with the Havana organizers, who also organized events in New York, to have Jaffe barred from tournaments in which Capablanca was playing. And indeed, so far as information can be confirmed, Jaffe did not ever play again in a tournament where Capablanca also participated. Such exclusion damaged Jaffe's career prospects significantly, and seems self-serving on Capablanca's part, since he had lost to Jaffe in a tournament game in New York shortly before the Havana tournament.
Jaffe became involved in a 1916 court battle involving the non-inclusion for publication of some of his chess analysis of the King's Gambit
, Rice Gambit
, but he lost the case, despite being supported by witnesses who included U.S. champion Frank Marshall. This was apparently the first American case where chess matters made it to the courts. While seemingly frivolous, this case should be viewed from the perspective of Jaffe making much of his living from writing articles on chess for Jewish periodicals, so his professional reputation was at stake.
won). In 1915, Jaffe won at Utica
. In 1916, Jaffe narrowly lost a match by 6-7 (+4 =4 -5) to David Janowski, who was the 15th ranked player in the world. Then in 1917–1918, he again lost to Janowski, by then ranked #7, by 6-12 (+4 =4 -10). In 1918, Jaffe tied for 3rd-5th at Rye Beach, New York (Abraham Kupchik
won). In 1918, he tied for 1st-2nd with Boris Kostić
at New York. In 1919, he took 2nd, behind Kupchik, at Troy, New York
(Quadrangular). In 1920, he took 3rd at New York (Oscar Chajes
won). In 1920, he took 2nd, behind Marshall, at Atlantic City. In 1921, he took 3rd at New York (Quadrangular). In 1921, he took 3rd at Atlantic City (David Janowski won). In 1922, he took 2nd, behind Edward Lasker, in New York (CCI). In 1925, he took 3rd in Cedar Point
, Ohio (Kupchik won). In 1926, he tied for 4-5th at Chicago (Marshall won). In 1926, he took 2nd, behind Kupchik, at New York (Quadrangular).
In 1927, Jaffe sent a cable from New York to Alexander Alekhine
in Buenos Aires
, where Alekhine was playing José Raúl Capablanca
in the World Championship match. The cable contained Jaffe's analysis of a new variation in the Queen's Gambit
, which Alekhine is thought to have used in the match. The victorious Alekhine, upon returning to New York, played a two-game match against Jaffe at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
, without financial remuneration, as a favour to Jaffe, and won both games.
in 1934. Jaffe lost a 1930 match at New York to Isaac Kashdan
by 0-3; Kashdan was the top player in the United States at this time. Jaffe wrote Jaffe's Chess Primer in 1937 (published by Parnassus). His health was in decline by this stage. Jaffe also published several works in Yiddish. His return to chess in later life was chronicled by the writer and chess master Alfred Kreymborg
in the short story Chess Reclaims a Devotee. Jaffe did qualify for the finals at the 1938 U.S. Open Chess Championship
at Boston
, where he finished tied 8-9th with 4/11, as Al Horowitz
won. Jaffe's final tournament was the 1939 U.S. Open Chess Championship at New York, where he qualified for the finals, but lost all 11 of his games in that group to place 12th, as Reuben Fine
won.
Certainly, his results in matches against Mieses, Marshall, and Janowski indicate that he was a formidable player. He did defeat Capablanca with the black pieces, and this was a notable feat. Jaffe had the bad fortune to be reaching his peak about the time Capablanca arrived in New York; Capablanca later became World Champion and was one of the all-time great players. Capablanca and Marshall dominated competitive chess in New York, and Jaffe could not overcome them.
Dubrouna
Dubroŭna or Dubrovno is a small town on the Dnieper River. The toponym originates from a Proto-Slavic term for an oak forest, which may explain the inclusion of oak leaves and acorns in the town's coat of arms...
, Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
– 12 July 1941, Brooklyn
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with nearly 2.6 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated...
, USA) was a Belarusian-American chess
Chess
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...
master
Chess master
A chess master is a chess player of such skill that he/she can usually beat chess experts, who themselves typically prevail against most amateurs. Among chess players, the term is often abbreviated to master, the meaning being clear from context....
, of virtually Grandmaster strength at his peak in the 1910s, when he was one of the world's top players. Jaffe was also a chess writer.
Early years, moves to U.S.
Jaffé was born in a small town, DubroŭnaDubrouna
Dubroŭna or Dubrovno is a small town on the Dnieper River. The toponym originates from a Proto-Slavic term for an oak forest, which may explain the inclusion of oak leaves and acorns in the town's coat of arms...
(now in Vitsebsk Voblast
Vitsebsk Voblast
Vitsebsk Voblast or Vitebsk Oblast is a province of Belarus with its administrative center being Vitebsk .As of a 2009 estimate, the voblast has a population of 1,230,800...
), Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
(then Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
). Considerable doubt exists as to his precise birthdate, as raised by chess historian Edward Winter
Edward Winter (chess historian)
Edward Winter is an English journalist, archivist, historian, collector and author about the game of chess. He writes a regular column on that subject, Chess Notes, and is also a regular columnist for ChessBase.-Chess Notes:...
and others. Various sources list his birthdate anywhere between 1876 and 1887. Jaffe emigrated to the United States in 1896, and settled in New York City. He worked as a silk-mill merchant until he became a professional chess player in 1910.
Chess professional
In 1904, he took 7th at St. Louis (7th American Congress), with 5/11, as Frank James Marshall won. Jaffe defeated Jacques MiesesJacques Mieses
----Jacques Mieses was a German-born Jewish chess Grandmaster and writer. He became a naturalized British citizen after World War II.p258-Chess career:...
, ranked #17 in the world by Chessmetrics
Chessmetrics
Chessmetrics is a system for rating chess players devised by Jeff Sonas. It is intended as an improvement over the Elo rating system.-Implementation:...
, by 2-0 in a match at New York 1907. In 1909, Jaffe took 3rd at Bath Beach, Brooklyn
Bath Beach, Brooklyn
Bath Beach is a neighborhood in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn in the United States. It is located at the southwestern edge of the borough on Gravesend Bay.-Geography:...
NY (Herbert Rosenfeld won). Also in 1909, Jaffe lost a match to Frank Marshall, ranked #7 in the world, by only 3.5-5.5 (+2 =3 -4). In 1910, Jaffe took 3rd at New York (Marshall won). In 1911, he tied for 3rd-4th at New York, with 9/12 (Marshall won). In 1911, he tied for 23rd-26th, with 8.5/25, at Carlsbad
Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary is a spa city situated in western Bohemia, Czech Republic, on the confluence of the rivers Ohře and Teplá, approximately west of Prague . It is named after King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded the city in 1370...
, a 26-player round-robin; Richard Teichmann
Richard Teichmann
Richard Teichmann was a German chess master.He was known as "Richard the Fifth" because he often finished in fifth place in tournaments. But in Karlsbad 1911, he scored a convincing win, crushing Akiba Rubinstein and Carl Schlechter with the same line of the Ruy Lopez...
won. This was one of the greatest tournaments in chess history, with 17 of the world's top 25 players. In 1913, he took 3rd at New York (National), with 9.5/13, as José Raúl Capablanca
José Raúl Capablanca
José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera was a Cuban chess player who was world chess champion from 1921 to 1927. One of the greatest players of all time, he was renowned for his exceptional endgame skill and speed of play...
won. In 1913, he lost a match to Capablanca at New York by 0.5-2.5. In that same year, he won matches in New York against Mieses and Oscar Chajes
Oscar Chajes
Oscar Chajes was an Austrian, then American chess player.-Biography:Chajes was Jewish and was born in Brody, Galicia, in what is now Ukraine. In 1909, he won in Excelsior, Minnesota . In 1910, he took 2nd in Chicago. In January/February 1911, he tied for 3rd-4th in New York...
.
Jaffe was nicknamed "the Crown Prince of East Side Chess" by the poet and chessmaster Alfred Kreymborg
Alfred Kreymborg
Alfred Francis Kreymborg was an American poet, novelist, playwright, literary editor and anthologist.-Early life and associations:...
. He often played at the Stuyvesant Chess Club, hangout of chess hustlers and interesting characters, which had many strong players, and was located on Manhattan
Manhattan
Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...
's Lower East Side
Lower East Side
The Lower East Side, LES, is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is roughly bounded by Allen Street, East Houston Street, Essex Street, Canal Street, Eldridge Street, East Broadway, and Grand Street....
. "Jaffe was famous for his poverty", and "his style was "inimitably coffeehouse". Jaffe made much of his income through challenge games and odds games played there. The colorful atmosphere of the Club in that era was outlined by in the book The Bobby Fischer I Knew And Other Stories.
Controversies
Also in 1913, Jaffe took sixth at HavanaHavana
Havana is the capital city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of — making it the largest city in the Caribbean region, and the most populous...
, with 5.5/14, as Marshall won; this event had two of the world's top ten, and five of its top 48 players. In this tournament, Capablanca charged that Jaffe had intentionally lost his second cycle game to Marshall, allowing Marshall to win the tournament ahead of Capablanca, who was playing in his hometown. In the game in question, in a fairly even middlegame
Middlegame
The middlegame in chess refers to the portion of the game that happens after the opening and before the endgame. There is no clear line between the opening and middlegame, and between the middlegame and endgame. In modern chess, the moves that make up an opening blend into the middlegame, so there...
position, Jaffe made a gross blunder
Blunder (chess)
In chess, a blunder is a very bad move. It is usually caused by some tactical oversight, whether from time trouble, overconfidence or carelessness. While a blunder may seem like a stroke of luck for the opposing player, some chess players give their opponent plenty of opportunities to blunder.What...
which lost a queen
Queen (chess)
The queen is the most powerful piece in the game of chess, able to move any number of squares vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of the first rank next to the king. With the chessboard oriented correctly, the white queen starts...
for a rook
Rook (chess)
A rook is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. Formerly the piece was called the castle, tower, marquess, rector, and comes...
, and then promptly resigned. While the mistake was certainly shocking for a player of Jaffe's standard, other top players throughout chess history have occasionally made similar blunders in tournament play. For example, Capablanca himself at New York 1931 blundered in the opening
Chess opening
A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a chess game. Recognized sequences of opening moves are referred to as openings as initiated by White or defenses, as created in reply by Black. There are many dozens of different openings, and hundreds of named variants. The Oxford Companion to...
, and lost a piece
Chess piece
Chess pieces or chessmen are the pieces deployed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. The pieces vary in abilities, giving them different values in the game...
to Herman Steiner
Herman Steiner
Herman Steiner was a United States chess player, organizer, and columnist.He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950....
because of a terrible eighth move. Capablanca apparently then arranged with the Havana organizers, who also organized events in New York, to have Jaffe barred from tournaments in which Capablanca was playing. And indeed, so far as information can be confirmed, Jaffe did not ever play again in a tournament where Capablanca also participated. Such exclusion damaged Jaffe's career prospects significantly, and seems self-serving on Capablanca's part, since he had lost to Jaffe in a tournament game in New York shortly before the Havana tournament.
Jaffe became involved in a 1916 court battle involving the non-inclusion for publication of some of his chess analysis of the King's Gambit
King's Gambit
The King's Gambit is a chess opening that begins with the moves:White offers a pawn to divert the Black e-pawn so as to build a strong centre with d2–d4...
, Rice Gambit
Rice Gambit
The Rice Gambit is a chess opening that arises from the King's Gambit Accepted. An offshoot of the Kieseritzky Gambit, it is characterized by the moves 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 g5 4. h4 g4 5. Ne5 Nf6 6. Bc4 d5 7. exd5 Bd6 8. O-O...
, but he lost the case, despite being supported by witnesses who included U.S. champion Frank Marshall. This was apparently the first American case where chess matters made it to the courts. While seemingly frivolous, this case should be viewed from the perspective of Jaffe making much of his living from writing articles on chess for Jewish periodicals, so his professional reputation was at stake.
Peak form
In 1914, Jaffe tied for 8-10th at New York (Edward LaskerEdward Lasker
Edward Lasker was a leading German-American chess and Go player. He was awarded the title of International Master of chess by FIDE. Lasker was an engineer by profession, and an author.-Background:...
won). In 1915, Jaffe won at Utica
Utica, New York
Utica is a city in and the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 62,235 at the 2010 census, an increase of 2.6% from the 2000 census....
. In 1916, Jaffe narrowly lost a match by 6-7 (+4 =4 -5) to David Janowski, who was the 15th ranked player in the world. Then in 1917–1918, he again lost to Janowski, by then ranked #7, by 6-12 (+4 =4 -10). In 1918, Jaffe tied for 3rd-5th at Rye Beach, New York (Abraham Kupchik
Abraham Kupchik
Abraham Kupchik was an American chess master.Abraham Kupchik was born into a Jewish family in Brest . His family emigrated to the USA in 1903....
won). In 1918, he tied for 1st-2nd with Boris Kostić
Borislav Kostic
Borislav Kostić was a Serbian professional chess grandmaster from Vršac , then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire ....
at New York. In 1919, he took 2nd, behind Kupchik, at Troy, New York
Troy, New York
Troy is a city in the US State of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. Troy is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital...
(Quadrangular). In 1920, he took 3rd at New York (Oscar Chajes
Oscar Chajes
Oscar Chajes was an Austrian, then American chess player.-Biography:Chajes was Jewish and was born in Brody, Galicia, in what is now Ukraine. In 1909, he won in Excelsior, Minnesota . In 1910, he took 2nd in Chicago. In January/February 1911, he tied for 3rd-4th in New York...
won). In 1920, he took 2nd, behind Marshall, at Atlantic City. In 1921, he took 3rd at New York (Quadrangular). In 1921, he took 3rd at Atlantic City (David Janowski won). In 1922, he took 2nd, behind Edward Lasker, in New York (CCI). In 1925, he took 3rd in Cedar Point
Cedar Point
Cedar Point is a 364 acre amusement park located in Sandusky, Ohio, United States on a narrow peninsula jutting into Lake Erie. Cedar Point is the only amusement park with four roller coasters that are taller than...
, Ohio (Kupchik won). In 1926, he tied for 4-5th at Chicago (Marshall won). In 1926, he took 2nd, behind Kupchik, at New York (Quadrangular).
In 1927, Jaffe sent a cable from New York to Alexander Alekhine
Alexander Alekhine
Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine was the fourth World Chess Champion. He is often considered one of the greatest chess players ever.By the age of twenty-two, he was already among the strongest chess players in the world. During the 1920s, he won most of the tournaments in which he played...
in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
, where Alekhine was playing José Raúl Capablanca
José Raúl Capablanca
José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera was a Cuban chess player who was world chess champion from 1921 to 1927. One of the greatest players of all time, he was renowned for his exceptional endgame skill and speed of play...
in the World Championship match. The cable contained Jaffe's analysis of a new variation in the Queen's Gambit
Queen's Gambit
The Queen's Gambit is a chess opening that starts with the moves:The Queen's Gambit is one of the oldest known chess openings. It was mentioned in the Göttingen manuscript of 1490 and was later analysed by masters such as Gioachino Greco in the seventeenth century...
, which Alekhine is thought to have used in the match. The victorious Alekhine, upon returning to New York, played a two-game match against Jaffe at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
The Waldorf-Astoria is a luxury hotel in New York. It has been housed in two historic landmark buildings in New York City. The first, designed by architect Henry J. Hardenbergh, was on the Fifth Avenue site of the Empire State Building. The present building at 301 Park Avenue in Manhattan is a...
, without financial remuneration, as a favour to Jaffe, and won both games.
Later years, writings
Jaffe then left most competitive chess for a decade, except for occasional forays into Metropolitan League play in the mid-1930s, where he defeated a young (but already very strong) Reuben FineReuben Fine
Reuben Fine was one of the strongest chess players in the world from the early 1930s through the 1940s, an International Grandmaster, psychologist, university professor, and author of many books on both chess and psychology.Fine won five medals in three chess Olympiads. Fine won the U.S...
in 1934. Jaffe lost a 1930 match at New York to Isaac Kashdan
Isaac Kashdan
Isaac Kashdan was an American chess grandmaster and chess writer. Kashdan was one of the world's best players in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He was twice U.S. Open champion...
by 0-3; Kashdan was the top player in the United States at this time. Jaffe wrote Jaffe's Chess Primer in 1937 (published by Parnassus). His health was in decline by this stage. Jaffe also published several works in Yiddish. His return to chess in later life was chronicled by the writer and chess master Alfred Kreymborg
Alfred Kreymborg
Alfred Francis Kreymborg was an American poet, novelist, playwright, literary editor and anthologist.-Early life and associations:...
in the short story Chess Reclaims a Devotee. Jaffe did qualify for the finals at the 1938 U.S. Open Chess Championship
U.S. Open Chess Championship
The U.S. Open Championship is an open national chess championship that has been held in the United States annually since 1900.-History:Through 1938, the tournaments were organized by the Western Chess Association and its successor, the American Chess Federation .The United States Chess Federation ...
at Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...
, where he finished tied 8-9th with 4/11, as Al Horowitz
Al Horowitz
Israel Albert Horowitz was a Jewish-American International Master of chess. He was clearly a grandmaster-strength player by present day standards, but he never received the title...
won. Jaffe's final tournament was the 1939 U.S. Open Chess Championship at New York, where he qualified for the finals, but lost all 11 of his games in that group to place 12th, as Reuben Fine
Reuben Fine
Reuben Fine was one of the strongest chess players in the world from the early 1930s through the 1940s, an International Grandmaster, psychologist, university professor, and author of many books on both chess and psychology.Fine won five medals in three chess Olympiads. Fine won the U.S...
won.
Assessment
Although ratings were not introduced for international chess until 1970, it is possible to retrospectively rate historical chess performances using modern algorithms. The site chessmetrics.com, which specializes in ranking results and players throughout chess history, places Jaffe as the 11th ranked player in the world in January 1917, and calculates his peak rating at 2616 in January 1910, which was 21st in the world. By modern criteria, this data clearly establishes Jaffe as a player of Grandmaster strength at his peak, although Grandmaster titles were not formally introduced until 1950 by FIDE, the World Chess Federation. However, chessmetrics.com is missing several of Jaffe's important results from its database.Certainly, his results in matches against Mieses, Marshall, and Janowski indicate that he was a formidable player. He did defeat Capablanca with the black pieces, and this was a notable feat. Jaffe had the bad fortune to be reaching his peak about the time Capablanca arrived in New York; Capablanca later became World Champion and was one of the all-time great players. Capablanca and Marshall dominated competitive chess in New York, and Jaffe could not overcome them.
Notable chess games
- Charles Jaffe vs Frank Marshall, New York match 1909, Queen's Pawn Game (D02), 1-0 Although Jaffe lost this match, he fought hard and gave the U.S. Champion a stiff challenge.
- Grigory Levenfish vs Charles Jaffe, Carlsbad 1911, Queen's Gambit Declined, Semi-Slav Defence (D45), 0-1 A beautiful tactical victory over the future Soviet champion.
- Charles Jaffe vs Rudolf Spielmann, Carlsbad 1911, Queen's Pawn Game (D02), 1-0 Spielmann was known as a formidable tactician, but has to tip his King here.
- Jose Raul Capablanca vs Charles Jaffe, New York National 1913, Four Knights' Game (C49), 0-1 At this time, Capablanca was already among the world's top ten players, and would go on to become world champion in 1921.
- David Janowski vs Charles Jaffe, New York match 1916, game 2, Queen's Gambit Declined (D52), 0-1 Janowski narrowly prevailed in this match; he had earlier challenged Emanuel Lasker for the world title.