Chamber of Fasci and Corporations
Encyclopedia
Chamber of Fasci and Corporations was the official name of the Italian Chamber of Deputies
established on January 19, 1939, to replace the Chamber of Deputies during the 30th legislature of Italy. The Chamber was vested with legislative power from March 23, 1939 to August 2, 1943, during the height of the regime of Benito Mussolini
's National Fascist Party
. Members of the chamber were called '"national councilors" (consiglieri nazionali) rather than deputies. The councilors of the chamber did not represent geographic constituencies, but the different branches of the trade and industry
of Italy
, thus reflecting the corporativist idea of fascist ideology.
Councilors were elected for terms of undetermined length and automatically lost their seats upon their defection from the branch they did represent. Renewal of the legislature was ordered by decree by the King of Italy
, on specific instruction of the head of government (Mussolini).
. Unlike earlier elections for the legislature held under the Fascist
era, popular suffrage was not put into effect. Instead, candidates were simply delivered under the pretext of a parliamentary reform, replacing the elections system with a body comprising only candidates of the various corporations
of Italy, fulfilling Benito Mussolini
's vow of enacting a complete corporativist system.
The candidates for the approximately 600 seats were nominated summarily by three organs: the Grand Council of Fascism
of the National Fascist Party
(PNF), by the National Council of the members of the PNF, and by the different corporations resembling the entire trade and industry of Italy, canalized through the National Council of Corporations (Consiglio Nazionale della Corporazioni), effectively in the hands of Mussolini and the PNF.
Italian Chamber of Deputies
The Italian Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Parliament of Italy. It has 630 seats, a plurality of which is controlled presently by liberal-conservative party People of Freedom. Twelve deputies represent Italian citizens outside of Italy. Deputies meet in the Palazzo Montecitorio. A...
established on January 19, 1939, to replace the Chamber of Deputies during the 30th legislature of Italy. The Chamber was vested with legislative power from March 23, 1939 to August 2, 1943, during the height of the regime of Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
's National Fascist Party
National Fascist Party
The National Fascist Party was an Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of fascism...
. Members of the chamber were called '"national councilors" (consiglieri nazionali) rather than deputies. The councilors of the chamber did not represent geographic constituencies, but the different branches of the trade and industry
Market
A market is one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services in exchange for money from buyers...
of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, thus reflecting the corporativist idea of fascist ideology.
Councilors were elected for terms of undetermined length and automatically lost their seats upon their defection from the branch they did represent. Renewal of the legislature was ordered by decree by the King of Italy
King of Italy
King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
, on specific instruction of the head of government (Mussolini).
Appointment
No elections took place in Italy between 1934 and 1946. The new founded Chamber of the Fascists and the Corporations replaced the Chamber of Deputies of Italy during the spring of 1939, with the legislative body coming into effect on March 23, 1939, as the 30th legislature of the Kingdom of ItalyKingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
. Unlike earlier elections for the legislature held under the Fascist
Italian Fascism
Italian Fascism also known as Fascism with a capital "F" refers to the original fascist ideology in Italy. This ideology is associated with the National Fascist Party which under Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, the Republican Fascist Party which ruled the Italian...
era, popular suffrage was not put into effect. Instead, candidates were simply delivered under the pretext of a parliamentary reform, replacing the elections system with a body comprising only candidates of the various corporations
Professional corporation
Professional corporations are those corporate entities for which many corporation statutes make special provision, regulating the use of the corporate form by licensed professionals such as attorneys, architects, engineers, public accountants and physicians...
of Italy, fulfilling Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
's vow of enacting a complete corporativist system.
The candidates for the approximately 600 seats were nominated summarily by three organs: the Grand Council of Fascism
Grand Council of Fascism
The Grand Council of Fascism was the main body of Mussolini's Fascist government in Italy. A body which held and applied great power to control the institutions of government, it was created as a party body in 1923 and became a state body on 9 December 1928....
of the National Fascist Party
National Fascist Party
The National Fascist Party was an Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of fascism...
(PNF), by the National Council of the members of the PNF, and by the different corporations resembling the entire trade and industry of Italy, canalized through the National Council of Corporations (Consiglio Nazionale della Corporazioni), effectively in the hands of Mussolini and the PNF.
Presidents
The presidents (speakers) of the Chamber of Fasci and Corporations were:- Giacomo AcerboGiacomo AcerboGiacomo Acerbo, Baron of Aterno was an Italian economist and Fascist politician that drafted the Acerbo Law which solidified Benito Mussolini's position once in power.-Early life:...
(March 23, 1939 - June 27, 1939) - Dino GrandiDino GrandiDino Grandi , Conte di Mordano, was an Italian Fascist politician, minister of justice, minister of foreign affairs and president of parliament.- Early life :...
(November 30, 1939 - August 2, 1943)
See also
- GerarcaGerarcaGerarca was a term used during the Fascist rule in Italy to refer to a member of the National Fascist Party ....