Baqi Urmançe
Encyclopedia
Urmançe Ğäbdelbaqí İdris ulı , Baqi Urmançe (bʌˈqɯɪ urmanˈɕe; Janalif: Baqi Urmance; Tatar Cyrillic
: Урманче Бакый (Габделбакый) Идрис улы; , Urmanche Baki (Gabdelbaky) Idrisovich; 23 February 1897 - 6 August 1990) was a Tatar painter, sculptor and graphic artist, and a pedagogue. He received the following awards and titles: People's Artist of Tatar ASSR (1960), People's Artist of the Russian SFSR (1982), and laureate of the Ğabdulla Tuqay Tatar ASSR State Prize
(1967).
of Tatarstan
as Ğäbdelbaqí Urmançiev. In 1907 the Urmançievs moved to Kazan, where Baqi entered Möxämmädiä madrassah. Studying at the madrassa, he became interested in Oriental languages and Tatar poetry. Ğabdulla Tuqay
's poetry particularly impressed him. Other hobbies of his included drawing and playing the violin. However, Urmançe failed to pass the entrance examinations for the Kazan
Artist school, so in 1914 he began to work as a loader in the Ural
s and afterward in Siberia
. In 1916, he was mobilized into the army. But his violin, pencil, and water-colors were always with him.
During the 1917 Russian Revolution Baqi became a soldier's deputy. In 1918 the Kazan Art School was reformed into the Free Art and Technical Workshops and in 1919 he became a student. It was his cherished dream. The beginning of this program of study was a critical moment in his life. He studied sculpture with G. I. Kozlov, painting with V. K. Timofeyev, and drawing with N. S. Shikalov. After a short mobilization into the Red Army
, he was detached to the Moscow VKhUTEMAS
in 1920, where he studied on two faculties. He studied sculpture in Anna Golubkina
's workshop and drawing with A. Shevchenko. He also began to study at the Institute of Oriental Studies, where he improved his foreign language skills in Arabic
, Turkish
, and Persian
, and began to study Western languages. Urmançe returned to Kazan in 1926 where he became a teacher at the Kazan Artist Secondary school. He also took part in the reconstruction of the Kazan Art School. Between 1926 and 1929 he lectured at the school and worked in the areas of drawing, etching
and illustration. Urmançe attempted to restore the tradition of ceramic production in Kazan.
. However, in 1933 he was exempted ahead of time, came home for a short time in Kazan before leaving for Moscow, where he lived from 1934 to 1941. Urmançe participated in the First All-Russia Exhibition of the Young Artists. The graphic products exposed by him were noticed and appreciated by the art-viewing public of the Soviet capital. Urmançe became a member of the Moscow branch of Union of the Artists. Between 1937 and 1941 he was engaged in the creative task of decorating the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition. In 1940 the artist carried out a list of an outside surface of a drum of a dome of pavilion of the Bashkir ASSR. Urmançe has managed to find the expressive decision, in which basis the idea of a round dance laid.
In 1941–1949 he was sent on administrative exile to Almaty
and Semipalatinsk. There he worked on illustrations of Kazakh poets and writers Abay, M. Auezov
, S. Muqanov, and a Kazakh language
translation of Tuqay. In 1946 the government issued the Minus 39 decree, by which exiles were forbidden tocome within a certain distance of cities. From the next twelve years Baqi Urmançe lived in Central Asian cities: Samarqand, Toshkent, Almaty
and Balkhash
. Urmançe portrayed many Central Asian individuals in his work and painted many Central Asian landscapes. In 1952 he designed the House of Culture for the Balkhash Copper-Smelting Factory. Between 1949 and 1958 he lived in the Uzbek
capital, working at the Toshkent Theatre and Art Institute. In 1956 he organized the sculpture department there.
There is a remarkable art heritage for him. The people of Tatarstan carefully revere the memory of the man who represented an entire epoch in the development of the art culture of the Tatar people. He died at the age of 93 on August 6, 1990. He was fully exonerated and buried in the Yaña-Tatar Bistäse (Novotatarskoye) cemetery in Kazan.
A monument to Urmançe was erected in 1996, the museum in Kazan has been in operation since 1998.
(1968); portraits of Tatar cultural workers, memorial complex of Ğabdulla Tuqay
in village of Qırlay (1976), graphic illustration on poetry of Därdämänd häm Tuqay (1954–1968); the first manual of artistic education in the Tatar language
(Moscow, 1924), several articles on art.
Tatar language
The Tatar language , or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkiria...
: Урманче Бакый (Габделбакый) Идрис улы; , Urmanche Baki (Gabdelbaky) Idrisovich; 23 February 1897 - 6 August 1990) was a Tatar painter, sculptor and graphic artist, and a pedagogue. He received the following awards and titles: People's Artist of Tatar ASSR (1960), People's Artist of the Russian SFSR (1982), and laureate of the Ğabdulla Tuqay Tatar ASSR State Prize
State Prizes of the Soviet Republics
The State Prizes of the Soviet Republics were each republic counterpart to the USSR State Prize. Each republic granted several different prizes, generally named after writers or artists from the republic, as well as a blanket Komsomol prize for young artists....
(1967).
Early life
He was born on February 23, 1897 in Kül Çerkene, a village in the modern Buinsky DistrictBuinsky District
Buinsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the forty-three in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Its administrative center is the town of Buinsk . District's population: 27,800 ;...
of Tatarstan
Tatarstan
The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan, which is one of Russia's largest and most prosperous cities. The republic borders with Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, and with the Mari El, Udmurt,...
as Ğäbdelbaqí Urmançiev. In 1907 the Urmançievs moved to Kazan, where Baqi entered Möxämmädiä madrassah. Studying at the madrassa, he became interested in Oriental languages and Tatar poetry. Ğabdulla Tuqay
Gabdulla Tuqay
Ğabdulla Tuqay was a Tatar poet, a classic of the Tatar literature, a critic and a publisher. Tuqay is often referred as the founder of the modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language, which replaced Old Tatar language in literature....
's poetry particularly impressed him. Other hobbies of his included drawing and playing the violin. However, Urmançe failed to pass the entrance examinations for the Kazan
Kazan
Kazan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,546 , it is the eighth most populous city in Russia. Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the...
Artist school, so in 1914 he began to work as a loader in the Ural
Ural (region)
Ural is a geographical region located around the Ural Mountains, between the East European and West Siberian plains. It extends approximately from north to south, from the Arctic Ocean to the bend of Ural River near Orsk city. The boundary between Europe and Asia runs along the eastern side of...
s and afterward in Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
. In 1916, he was mobilized into the army. But his violin, pencil, and water-colors were always with him.
During the 1917 Russian Revolution Baqi became a soldier's deputy. In 1918 the Kazan Art School was reformed into the Free Art and Technical Workshops and in 1919 he became a student. It was his cherished dream. The beginning of this program of study was a critical moment in his life. He studied sculpture with G. I. Kozlov, painting with V. K. Timofeyev, and drawing with N. S. Shikalov. After a short mobilization into the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
, he was detached to the Moscow VKhUTEMAS
VKhUTEMAS
Vkhutemas ) was the Russian state art and technical school founded in 1920 in Moscow, replacing the Moscow Svomas. The workshops were established by a decree from Vladimir Lenin with the intentions, in the words of the Soviet government, "to prepare master artists of the highest qualifications for...
in 1920, where he studied on two faculties. He studied sculpture in Anna Golubkina
Anna Golubkina
Anna Semyonovna Golubkina was a Russian impressionist sculptor. As the first Russian sculptor to receive the Paris Salon prize, she is regarded as the first female Russian sculptor of note. Golubkina also had an exhibition at the prestigious Alexander III Museum...
's workshop and drawing with A. Shevchenko. He also began to study at the Institute of Oriental Studies, where he improved his foreign language skills in Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
, Turkish
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
, and Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
, and began to study Western languages. Urmançe returned to Kazan in 1926 where he became a teacher at the Kazan Artist Secondary school. He also took part in the reconstruction of the Kazan Art School. Between 1926 and 1929 he lectured at the school and worked in the areas of drawing, etching
Etching
Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal...
and illustration. Urmançe attempted to restore the tradition of ceramic production in Kazan.
Exiles
His successful work was interrupted in 1929, when He was arrested and exiled to the SolovkiSolovki
The Solovki prison camp was located on the Solovetsky Islands, in the White Sea). It was the "mother of the GULAG" according to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn...
. However, in 1933 he was exempted ahead of time, came home for a short time in Kazan before leaving for Moscow, where he lived from 1934 to 1941. Urmançe participated in the First All-Russia Exhibition of the Young Artists. The graphic products exposed by him were noticed and appreciated by the art-viewing public of the Soviet capital. Urmançe became a member of the Moscow branch of Union of the Artists. Between 1937 and 1941 he was engaged in the creative task of decorating the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition. In 1940 the artist carried out a list of an outside surface of a drum of a dome of pavilion of the Bashkir ASSR. Urmançe has managed to find the expressive decision, in which basis the idea of a round dance laid.
In 1941–1949 he was sent on administrative exile to Almaty
Almaty
Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...
and Semipalatinsk. There he worked on illustrations of Kazakh poets and writers Abay, M. Auezov
Mukhtar Auezov
Mukhtar Omarkhanuli Auezov was a prominent Kazakh writer, known best for his work as a playwright.-Life:...
, S. Muqanov, and a Kazakh language
Kazakh language
Kazakh is a Turkic language which belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages, closely related to Nogai and Karakalpak....
translation of Tuqay. In 1946 the government issued the Minus 39 decree, by which exiles were forbidden tocome within a certain distance of cities. From the next twelve years Baqi Urmançe lived in Central Asian cities: Samarqand, Toshkent, Almaty
Almaty
Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...
and Balkhash
Balkhash
Balkhash may refer to * Balkhash , a city at Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan* Balkhash Lake, a lake in Kazakhstan* Balkhash perch, a species of perch found in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and China...
. Urmançe portrayed many Central Asian individuals in his work and painted many Central Asian landscapes. In 1952 he designed the House of Culture for the Balkhash Copper-Smelting Factory. Between 1949 and 1958 he lived in the Uzbek
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
capital, working at the Toshkent Theatre and Art Institute. In 1956 he organized the sculpture department there.
Return
1958 was the most significant date in Urmançe's creative destiny. After a long absence, he moved to Kazan and began a constant residence. He was already sixty years old.There is a remarkable art heritage for him. The people of Tatarstan carefully revere the memory of the man who represented an entire epoch in the development of the art culture of the Tatar people. He died at the age of 93 on August 6, 1990. He was fully exonerated and buried in the Yaña-Tatar Bistäse (Novotatarskoye) cemetery in Kazan.
A monument to Urmançe was erected in 1996, the museum in Kazan has been in operation since 1998.
Major works
Paintings: Near the separator (1928), triptych Tatarstan (1976, 1985), Saltıq Meadow (1979); sculpture: Grief (1966), Spring Melodies (1968), TulparTulpar
Tulpar is a winged or swift horse in Turk mythology . Corresponds to Pegasus. Tulpar is also in state embles of Kazahkstan and Mongolia- Bibliography :...
(1968); portraits of Tatar cultural workers, memorial complex of Ğabdulla Tuqay
Gabdulla Tuqay
Ğabdulla Tuqay was a Tatar poet, a classic of the Tatar literature, a critic and a publisher. Tuqay is often referred as the founder of the modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language, which replaced Old Tatar language in literature....
in village of Qırlay (1976), graphic illustration on poetry of Därdämänd häm Tuqay (1954–1968); the first manual of artistic education in the Tatar language
Tatar language
The Tatar language , or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkiria...
(Moscow, 1924), several articles on art.