Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot
Encyclopedia
Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot (died 4 May 1664) was the son of William Rutherford
of Quarrelholes, Roxburghshire
. His education was received in Edinburgh
, and he took up the career of soldier of fortune
.
His services were given to the French government, which maintained regiments of Scottish mercenaries. On the restoration of Charles II
, Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of Louis XIV of France
. He had held a commission as lieutenant-general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage.
Charles II gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherford and the governorship of Dunkirk, which had been acquired by the Protector Oliver Cromwell
. When Charles II sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the Colony of Tangier and the Tangier Regiment, and was made Earl of Teviot in the peerage of Scotland
.
He was sent in 1663 as governor to Tangier
. His tenure of office was very short, for on 4 May 1664 he allowed himself to be trapped in an ambush by the Moors
, who carried on incessant irregular warfare
against the English garrison, and was killed, together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of his garrison.
William Rutherford
William Rutherford may refer to:* William Gunion Rutherford , Scottish scholar* William Rutherford , English mathematician* William Rutherford , British physiologist...
of Quarrelholes, Roxburghshire
Roxburghshire
Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh is a registration county of Scotland. It borders Dumfries to the west, Selkirk to the north-west, and Berwick to the north. To the south-east it borders Cumbria and Northumberland in England.It was named after the Royal Burgh of Roxburgh...
. His education was received in Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...
, and he took up the career of soldier of fortune
Mercenary
A mercenary, is a person who takes part in an armed conflict based on the promise of material compensation rather than having a direct interest in, or a legal obligation to, the conflict itself. A non-conscript professional member of a regular army is not considered to be a mercenary although he...
.
His services were given to the French government, which maintained regiments of Scottish mercenaries. On the restoration of Charles II
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
, Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. He had held a commission as lieutenant-general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage.
Charles II gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherford and the governorship of Dunkirk, which had been acquired by the Protector Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
. When Charles II sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the Colony of Tangier and the Tangier Regiment, and was made Earl of Teviot in the peerage of Scotland
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...
.
He was sent in 1663 as governor to Tangier
Tangier
Tangier, also Tangiers is a city in northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 . It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel...
. His tenure of office was very short, for on 4 May 1664 he allowed himself to be trapped in an ambush by the Moors
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed...
, who carried on incessant irregular warfare
Irregular warfare
Irregular warfare is warfare in which one or more combatants are irregular military rather than regular forces. Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare, and so is asymmetric warfare....
against the English garrison, and was killed, together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of his garrison.