Andean Spanish is a dialect of Spanish

Spanish language

Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

 spoken in the central Andes

Andes

The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...

, from southern Colombia

Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...

, with influence as far south as northern Chile

Chile

Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

 and Northwestern Argentina

Argentina

Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

, passing through Ecuador

Ecuador

Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...

, Peru

Peru

Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

, and Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

. It is influenced principally by Castilian Spanish

Castilian Spanish

Castilian Spanish is a term related to the Spanish language, but its exact meaning can vary even in that language. In English Castilian Spanish usually refers to the variety of European Spanish spoken in north and central Spain or as the language standard for radio and TV speakers...

, which is favoured in the cities, while in rural areas and some cities, there is influence of Quechua

Quechua languages

Quechua is a Native South American language family and dialect cluster spoken primarily in the Andes of South America, derived from an original common ancestor language, Proto-Quechua. It is the most widely spoken language family of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably...

, Aymara

Aymara

The Aymara or Aimara are an indigenous ethnic group in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 2 million live in Bolivia, Peru and Chile...

, and other indigenous

Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...

 languages.

Notable phonological characteristics

• In Andean Spanish, the /s/ is never aspirated in the final position, and it is never pronounced predorsal but semi-apical (a trait inherited form Castille)
• In the Ecuadorian variation, the fricative alveolar as a syllable coda becomes /z/ if the next consonant is also voiced or a sonorant, or the next word begins with a vowel. In the peruvian variation, it is palatalized before /i/.
• In Bolivia and southern Peru, “ll” [ʎ
  Palatal lateral approximant
  The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a rotated lowercase letter ⟨y⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.-Features:Features of the palatal lateral...
  
  ] and “y” [j
  Palatal approximant
  The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is '...
  
  ] are distinguished.
• Often the vowels /e/ and /i/ or /o/ and /u/ are merged, due to the influence of the tri-vocal system of Quechua and Aymara.
• The double-r diphthong (rr) is assibilated into [řř] (voiced), /tr/ into y, /r/ into [ř]. This is only found in Ecuador and Bolivia.
• The velar fricative /x/ does not present the laryngeal allophone of other dialects.
• The /f/ is bilabialized, the same one that adds an epenthetic /w/ is often confused with /x/.
• It gives emphasis to the consonants while weakening the vowels, with even less on unstressed syllables (like in Mexico
  Mexico
  The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
  
  , but not as marked).
• The stress is, or tends to be, penultimate.

Influence on Nearby Areas

In northeast Argentina and north Chile today it is possible to say that there is a certain fusion in the dialects of those respective countries, but noting that more dominant are the local dialects. The Andean dialect can be seen northeast with respect to the pronunciation and lexicon. While the Argentine dialect

Rioplatense Spanish

Rioplatense Spanish or River Plate Spanish is a dialectal variant of the Spanish language spoken mainly in the areas in and around the Río de la Plata basin of Argentina and Uruguay, and also in Rio Grande do Sul, although features of the dialect are shared with the varieties of Spanish spoken...

 provides some of the pronunciation, a variety of modes and the Argentine dialect replaces the Andean use of "tú" as the second person singular familiar pronoun with "vos". It is very similar in Chile, except that they alternate between "tú" and "vos" as the singular familiar second-person pronoun, and additionally present modes of Chilean Spanish

Chilean Spanish

Chilean Spanish is the variety of Spanish spoken in most of Chile. Though still entirely mutually intelligible with standard Spanish, Chilean Spanish has distinctive pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and slang usage...

and some of Andean Spanish.