Aillarehue
Encyclopedia
Aillarehue or Ayllarehue (from the (mapudungun
: ayllarewe/ayjarewe: " nine rehues"); a confederation of rehue
s or familiar clans (lof
) that dominated a region or province. It was the old administrative and territorial division of the Mapuche
, Huilliche
and the extinct Picunche
people. Aillarehue acted as a unit only on special festive, religious, political and especial military occasions. Several aillarehues formed the Butalmapu
, the largest military and political organization of the Mapuche.
, levo or caví (lineage) celebrated its religious rituals at a unique rehue or rewe ("altar"), near the home of a local lonko, Ulmen
or cacique
, often the word rehue was used with the sense of party or clan ("I am from this rehue"), in a way similar to the old form of Christian administrative allegiance to parishes. Although aillarehue ment "nine altars" these confederations did not necessarily conform to this number of rehues.
The name of many of these aillarehue confederations have remained in the present toponymy
of the southern regions of Chile.
had many aillarehues in the central zone of Chile, like those of Codehua, Vichuquén
and Rapel most of their names are unknown. The following list is reconstructed from the listing of the aillarehues of the Moluche
and Huilliche
between the Itata River
and Reloncaví Sound
, due to the work of Ricardo E. Latcham in the 1920s. Five Butalmapu were known to the Spanish at the beginning of the 18th century. Add to them the one in the region between the Itata
and Bio Bio Rivers, that existed at the early part of the Conquest of Chile
. With this one six are known to have existed. One is thought to have existed among the Picunche
to the north of the Itata River, at the beginning of the conquest. It is thought to have extended from the Limari
to the Mataquito River
s. The Picunche of the region of the Maule River
valley may have been a separate Butalmapu or an aillarehue allied with the Cauquenes
aillarehue and aillarehue of the northern Moluche Butalmapu at the time of the Inca invasion of Chile and at the Battle of the Maule
.
aillarehues located between the coast and the foothills of the Andes between the Itata River and Bio Bio River.
aillarehues located between the coast and the Nahuelbuta Range
between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River
, (from north to south):
aillarehues located in the Chilean Central Valley
and between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River:
aillarehues located in the zone of the foothills of the Andes
between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River:
aillarehues located in the zone of the Andes
cordillera
between the Itata and the Toltén Rivers:
and Cuncos aillarehues located in between the Toltén River and the Bueno River
:
and Cuncos aillarehues located between the Bueno River and the Reloncaví Sound
:
Mapudungun
The Mapuche language, Mapudungun is a language isolate spoken in south-central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche people. It is also spelled Mapuzugun and sometimes called Mapudungu or Araucanian...
: ayllarewe/ayjarewe: " nine rehues"); a confederation of rehue
Rehue
Rehue or rewe is the sacred altar used by the Mapuche of Chile in many of their ceremonies.- Alter :It is a tree trunk set in the ground and surrounded by canes of colihue located in row and adorned with white, blue or yellow flags and branches of coihues, maitén, lengas and other trees of the area...
s or familiar clans (lof
Lof
Lof or caví ; formed the basic social organization of the Mapuche, Huilliche and the extinct Picunche peoples, consisting of a familial clan or lineage that recognizes the authority of a lonco...
) that dominated a region or province. It was the old administrative and territorial division of the Mapuche
Mapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
, Huilliche
Huilliche
The Huilliche is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture. They live in mountain valleys in an area south of Toltén River and on Chiloé Archipelago...
and the extinct Picunche
Picunche
The Picunche , also referred to as picones by the Spanish, were a mapudungun speaking Chilean people living to the north of the Mapuches or Araucanians and south of the Choapa River and the Diaguitas...
people. Aillarehue acted as a unit only on special festive, religious, political and especial military occasions. Several aillarehues formed the Butalmapu
Butalmapu
Butalmapu or Fütalmapu is the name in Mapudungun for "great land", which were one of the great confederations wherein the Mapuche people organized themselves in case of war...
, the largest military and political organization of the Mapuche.
Etymology
Each Mapuche lofLof
Lof or caví ; formed the basic social organization of the Mapuche, Huilliche and the extinct Picunche peoples, consisting of a familial clan or lineage that recognizes the authority of a lonco...
, levo or caví (lineage) celebrated its religious rituals at a unique rehue or rewe ("altar"), near the home of a local lonko, Ulmen
Ulmen(Mapuche)
Ulmen a Mapudungun word meaning "rich man". In Mapuche society the wealthy men usually were the lonco's and would often be the influential leaders of their rehue and aillarehue and if skilled in war like Caupolicán were sometimes elected toqui.-Source:...
or cacique
Cacique
Cacique is a title derived from the Taíno word for the pre-Columbian chiefs or leaders of tribes in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles...
, often the word rehue was used with the sense of party or clan ("I am from this rehue"), in a way similar to the old form of Christian administrative allegiance to parishes. Although aillarehue ment "nine altars" these confederations did not necessarily conform to this number of rehues.
The name of many of these aillarehue confederations have remained in the present toponymy
Toponymy
Toponymy is the scientific study of place names , their origins, meanings, use and typology. The word "toponymy" is derived from the Greek words tópos and ónoma . Toponymy is itself a branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds...
of the southern regions of Chile.
Picunmapu
Although it is known the PicunchePicunche
The Picunche , also referred to as picones by the Spanish, were a mapudungun speaking Chilean people living to the north of the Mapuches or Araucanians and south of the Choapa River and the Diaguitas...
had many aillarehues in the central zone of Chile, like those of Codehua, Vichuquén
Vichuquén
Vichuquén is a commune in the Curicó Province of Chile's Maule Region.- History :The Spanish arrived along the Lico rivers in 1585, where settlements of the Mapuche and Inca already existed. In 1865, Vichuquén founded its capital of the village of the same name....
and Rapel most of their names are unknown. The following list is reconstructed from the listing of the aillarehues of the Moluche
Moluche
Moluche or Nguluche is a dialect of the Mapuche language Mapudungun that is also the ethnic description of the Mapuche peoples speaking that language. At the beginning of the Conquest of Chile by the Spanish Empire the Moluche lived in what came to be known as Araucanía...
and Huilliche
Huilliche
The Huilliche is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture. They live in mountain valleys in an area south of Toltén River and on Chiloé Archipelago...
between the Itata River
Itata River
The Itata River flows in the Bío-Bío Region, southern Chile.Until the Conquest of Chile the Itata was the natural limit between the Mapuche, located to the south, and Picunche, to the north.-References:* . - External links :*...
and Reloncaví Sound
Reloncaví Sound
Reloncaví Sound or Seno de Reloncaví is a body of water located immediately south of Puerto Montt, Chile. It is the place where the Intermediate Depression falls into the Pacific Ocean. There are several islands in the sound including Tenglo Island, Maillén Island and Huar Island...
, due to the work of Ricardo E. Latcham in the 1920s. Five Butalmapu were known to the Spanish at the beginning of the 18th century. Add to them the one in the region between the Itata
Itata River
The Itata River flows in the Bío-Bío Region, southern Chile.Until the Conquest of Chile the Itata was the natural limit between the Mapuche, located to the south, and Picunche, to the north.-References:* . - External links :*...
and Bio Bio Rivers, that existed at the early part of the Conquest of Chile
Conquest of Chile
The Conquest of Chile is a period in Chilean historiography that starts with the arrival of Pedro de Valdivia to Chile in 1541 and ends with the death of Martín García Óñez de Loyola, in the Battle of Curalaba in 1598 or alternatively with the Destruction of the Seven Cities. This was the period...
. With this one six are known to have existed. One is thought to have existed among the Picunche
Picunche
The Picunche , also referred to as picones by the Spanish, were a mapudungun speaking Chilean people living to the north of the Mapuches or Araucanians and south of the Choapa River and the Diaguitas...
to the north of the Itata River, at the beginning of the conquest. It is thought to have extended from the Limari
Limarí River
Limarí River is a river of Chile located in the Coquimbo Region. The river is formed at the confluence of the Hurtado and Grande rivers, about 4 km east of the city of Ovalle. The lower course of the river borders the southern portion of Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park...
to the Mataquito River
Mataquito River
Mataquito is a river located in the Province of Curicó, Maule Region of Chile and formed by the union of rivers Teno and Lontué about 10 kilometers west of Curicó near the locality of Sagrada Familia and empties into the Pacific Ocean south of the town of Iloca, Licantén.- Source :*...
s. The Picunche of the region of the Maule River
Maule river
The Maule river is one of the most important rivers of Chile and is inextricably linked to this country's pre-Hispanic times, the country's conquest, colonial period, wars of Independence, modern history, agriculture , culture , religion, economy and politics...
valley may have been a separate Butalmapu or an aillarehue allied with the Cauquenes
Cauquenes
Cauquenes, a city and commune in Chile, is the capital of the Cauquenes Province and is located in the Maule Region.-History:According to the historical records of Alonso de Ercilla, Cauquenes was originally inhabited by an indigenous community of the Promaucaes, known as the Cauqui by the Inca or...
aillarehue and aillarehue of the northern Moluche Butalmapu at the time of the Inca invasion of Chile and at the Battle of the Maule
Battle of the Maule
The Battle of the Maule was fought between the Mapuche people and the Inca Empire in what is now Chile. The three-day battle, which is generally believed to have occurred in the reign of Tupac Inca Yupanqui , marked the end of the Incas' southward expansion.In a six-year campaign with an army that...
.
Butalmapu between the Itata and Bio Bio Rivers
The Butalmapu of MolucheMoluche
Moluche or Nguluche is a dialect of the Mapuche language Mapudungun that is also the ethnic description of the Mapuche peoples speaking that language. At the beginning of the Conquest of Chile by the Spanish Empire the Moluche lived in what came to be known as Araucanía...
aillarehues located between the coast and the foothills of the Andes between the Itata River and Bio Bio River.
- CoelemuCoelemuCoelemu is a Chilean commune and city in Ñuble Province, Biobío Region. According to the 2002 census, the commune population was 16,082 and has an area of .-Demographics:...
(Spanish name Gualemo) between the Itata River and Estero BureoEstero BureoEstero Bureo a small river on the Pacific coast of the Tomé commune, Concepcion Province, Bío-Bío Region of Chile north of Penco and south of the Itata River.-External links:*...
.- Coelemu
- Otohue
- Coihueco
- Peguco (Spanish name PencoPencoPenco is a Chilean city and commune in Concepción Province, Biobío Region on the Bay of Concepción. Founded as the city of Concepción del Nuevo Extremo on February 12, 1550 by Pedro de Valdivia, it is the third oldest city in the country after Santiago founded first in 1541 and La Serena second...
) between the Estero Bureo and Andalién RiverAndalién RiverThe Andalién river is a river in the province of Concepcion that was formed north northeast of the city of Florida and flows west to and crosses part of the city of Concepción, Chile, and then north through the communes of Penco and Talcahuano, ending at the Bay of Concepción.- Source :* pg. 31-32...
s.- Talcahuenu
- Aquelpangue
- Arana
- Puchacay
- AndaliénAndalién RiverThe Andalién river is a river in the province of Concepcion that was formed north northeast of the city of Florida and flows west to and crosses part of the city of Concepción, Chile, and then north through the communes of Penco and Talcahuano, ending at the Bay of Concepción.- Source :* pg. 31-32...
- RereRere, ChileRere is a town in the commune of Yumbel, Province of Biobío, in the Biobío Region of Chile. It takes its name from the Moluche aillarehue that occupied both sides of the Claro River and was part of the Butalmapu between the Itata and Bio Bio Rivers...
on both sides of the Claro RiverClaro River (Laja)-References:*...
- Huelén-Huelén
- Cahuiñungue
- Guachumávida
- TalcamávidaTalcamávidaTalcamávida is a town in the commune of Hualqui in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is located on the north bank of the Bio Bio River across from Santa Juana on the opposite shore. It occupied a plain along the river 42 kilometers from the Pacific Ocean that is part of a small valley surrounded by...
- HualquiHualquiHualqui is a Chilean city and commune in the Concepción Province, Biobio Region. It is also part of the Greater Concepcion conurbation, although it maintains a rural profile. It had a population of 18,768 inhabitants according to the 2002 census....
to the north of the Bio Bio River, from Quilacoya RiverQuilacoya RiverQuilacoya River is located in the Hualqui commune of Concepcion Province of Chile. It has course of about 40 kilometers with a small volume. It originates in the southern slopes of the series of heights of Lucay that run from east to west in the southern part of the commune of Florida...
to the Pacific OceanPacific OceanThe Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
and south of the Andalién River.- Laleufu
- QuilacoyaQuilacoya RiverQuilacoya River is located in the Hualqui commune of Concepcion Province of Chile. It has course of about 40 kilometers with a small volume. It originates in the southern slopes of the series of heights of Lucay that run from east to west in the southern part of the commune of Florida...
- Yecutun
- HualquiHualquiHualqui is a Chilean city and commune in the Concepción Province, Biobio Region. It is also part of the Greater Concepcion conurbation, although it maintains a rural profile. It had a population of 18,768 inhabitants according to the 2002 census....
or Gualque - TalcahuenuTalcahuanoTalcahuano is a port city and commune in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is part of the Greater Concepción conurbation. Talcahuano is located in the south of the Central Zone of Chile.-Geography:...
- Llancamilla (Spanish usually called it Llaucamilla) between the Itata River and the region near Los ÁngelesLos ÁngelesLos Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
, east of Rere.- Tolmilla
- Quelenmapuco
- Rarinlevu between the Laja RiverLaja RiverThere are two notable rivers called Laja River :* Laja River in Guanajuato, central Mexico* Laja River in Chile...
and Bio Bio River east of Los ÁngelesLos ÁngelesLos Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
.- (names of rehues unknown)
Lafkenmapu
The Butalmapu of MolucheMoluche
Moluche or Nguluche is a dialect of the Mapuche language Mapudungun that is also the ethnic description of the Mapuche peoples speaking that language. At the beginning of the Conquest of Chile by the Spanish Empire the Moluche lived in what came to be known as Araucanía...
aillarehues located between the coast and the Nahuelbuta Range
Nahuelbuta Range
The Nahuelbuta Range or Cordillera de Nahuelbuta is a mountain range in Bio-Bio and Araucania Region, southern Chile. It is located along the Pacific coast and forms part of the larger Chilean Coast Range...
between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River
Toltén River
Toltén River is a river located in the Araucanía Region of Chile. It rises at Villarrica Lake, close to the city of the same name. Its major tributary is Allipén River...
, (from north to south):
- MarihuenuMarihueñuMarihueñu or Marigueno is a large hill in the Nahuelbuta Range near the coast in the Lota commune of the Bio-Bio Region of southern Chile. Its name is from the Mapudungun mari, "ten" and huenu, "heights"...
between the Bio Bio and the Carampangue RiverCarampangue RiverCarampangue River is a small river in Arauco Province, Biobío Region of Chile. It has its main source in the hill of la Piedra, South of the Heights of Purgatorio in the Nahuelbuta Range southwest...
s- Neculhuenu
- Pailahuenu
- Topillanca
- Antuhuenu
- ColcuraRiachuelo Colcura-References:*...
- MarihuenuMarihueñuMarihueñu or Marigueno is a large hill in the Nahuelbuta Range near the coast in the Lota commune of the Bio-Bio Region of southern Chile. Its name is from the Mapudungun mari, "ten" and huenu, "heights"...
- Huenurehue
- Chechelevo
- Conilevo
- Quiapeo
- Cahuinhuenu
- AraucoAraucoArauco or Araucanía may refer to:* Arauco, Chile, a city and municipality in Arauco Province, Chile* Arauco Province, a province in the Biobío Region of Chile* Arauco, Argentina, a town in Arauco Department, Argentina...
between the Carampangue and the Lebu RiverLebu RiverLebu River an important river of the Arauco Province. It has his sources in the western slope of the Nahuelbuta Range to the east of the city and port of Lebu, captital of the province and named for the river....
s- Panguerehue
- MillarupueMilarupuMelirupu is a place in Arauco Province that is 12 kilometers to the Southwest of Arauco in the direction of Quiapo. It was a small village of about 300 inhabitants in the late 19th century the surrounding land had the same name...
- Llaghupai (Lavapie)
- Quidico
- QuiapoQuiapo, ChileQuiapo is a place in Arauco Province of Chile that is 25 kilometers to the Southwest of Arauco and about 25 kilometers to the north and east of the port of Lebu to the east of the Bahia del Carnero and 6.4 kilometers west of the small town of Villa Alegre...
- Levo (LebuLebu, ChileLebu is a port city and commune in central Chile administered by the Municipality of Lebu. Lebu is also the capital of Arauco Province in Bío-Bío Region...
) - Colico
- AraucoArauco, ChileArauco is a city and commune in Chile, located in Arauco Province in the Biobio Region. The meaning of Arauco means Chalky Water in Mapudungun. The region was a Moluche aillarehue...
- AndalicánAndalicánAndalicán during the era of conquest and colonial times in Chile was the name of the high hill in the middle of two ravines and site of a fortress built by the Mapuche in 1557 to prevent García Hurtado de Mendoza from invading Araucanía north of Marihueñu and the valley of Colcura...
- TucapelTucapelTucapel is a town and commune in the Arauco Province, Biobío Region, Chile. It was once a region of Araucanía named for the Tucapel River. The name of the region derived from the rehue and aillarehue of the Moluche people of the area between the Lebu and the Lleulleu Rivers, who were famed for...
between the Lebu and the Lleulleu RiverLleulleu RiverLleulleu River is a river of the Bío-Bío Region of Chile....
s- Molhuilli
- Lincoyan
- PilmaiquénPilmaiquénPilmaiquén or Pilmayquen is a riachuelo in the commune of Cañete in Arauco Province in the Bío-Bío Region of Chile that flows southwest towards the coast of the Pacific Ocean, to the northwest of the city of Cañete. Its course is of short but of great volume and traverses a small valley between...
- TucapelTucapelTucapel is a town and commune in the Arauco Province, Biobío Region, Chile. It was once a region of Araucanía named for the Tucapel River. The name of the region derived from the rehue and aillarehue of the Moluche people of the area between the Lebu and the Lleulleu Rivers, who were famed for...
- Paicavi
- Ancalemu
- Thomelemu
- CayucupilCayucupilCayucupil is a riachuelo or small river in the vicinity of Cañete, Chile of the Arauco Province of the Bío-Bío Region that has its origin in the western foothills of the Nahuelbuta Mountains, to the east of that city...
- Ilicura
- Vutalevu
- Licanievu between the Lleulleu and the TiruaTirúaTirúa is a Chilean commune and town in Arauco Province, Biobío Region.-Demographics:According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Tirúa spans an area of and has 9,664 inhabitants . Of these, 2,508 lived in urban areas and 7,156 in rural areas...
Rivers- Chamacodo
- Lemolemo
- Villoto
- Colcuimo
- Relomo
- Pillurehue
- Vilurehue
- Provinco
- Licanlebu
- Tirua
- Ranquilhue between the Tirua and the Cautín RiverCautín RiverThe Cautín is a river in Chile. It rises on the western slopes of the Cordillera de Las Raíces and flows in Araucanía Region. The river's main tributary is the Quepe River. The city of Temuco is located on the Cautín River....
s- Ranquilhue
- Quinahuel
- Pellahuenu
- Claroa
- Rangaloe
- Trevolhue
- Moncolhue
- Cautín between the Cautín and the Toltén RiverToltén RiverToltén River is a river located in the Araucanía Region of Chile. It rises at Villarrica Lake, close to the city of the same name. Its major tributary is Allipén River...
s- Pelulcura
- Llamocavi
- Coyamrehue
- Celolebu
- Budi
Lelfünmapu
The Butalmapu of MolucheMoluche
Moluche or Nguluche is a dialect of the Mapuche language Mapudungun that is also the ethnic description of the Mapuche peoples speaking that language. At the beginning of the Conquest of Chile by the Spanish Empire the Moluche lived in what came to be known as Araucanía...
aillarehues located in the Chilean Central Valley
Chilean Central Valley
The Central Valley , Intermediate Depression or Longitudinal Valley is the depression between the Chilean Costal Range and the Andes Mountains. The central valley should not be confused with Central Chile that encompasses part of the valley...
and between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River:
- Catiray east of the Nahuelbuta RangeNahuelbuta RangeThe Nahuelbuta Range or Cordillera de Nahuelbuta is a mountain range in Bio-Bio and Araucania Region, southern Chile. It is located along the Pacific coast and forms part of the larger Chilean Coast Range...
to the Bio Bio River until Negete in the south.- Pirenmavida
- TavolevoTavolevo RiverTavolevo River, a tributary of the Bio Bio River. It has two tributaries the Culenco River flowing southeast from the Nahuelbuta Range in the Catirai region and the Nicodahue River that flows north from the Araucanía Region and its two tributaries the Esperanza and Maitenrehue Rivers that all...
- Lincura
- Arumco
- Pilumrehue
- Curalevo
- Coyamco
- Quilalemu
- Gueche
- Chipimo
- Mayurehue
- Peterehue
- Namcurehue
- Millapoa
- Chacaico between the Huequén RiverHuequén River-References:*...
and the Renaico RiverRenaico RiverRenaico River is a Chilean river that, along all its length, straddles the border between the regions of Biobío and Araucanía.Renaico River rises from the northwest flank of Cordillera de Pemehue, a western spur of the Andes Mountains, north of Tolhuaca volcano. In its upper course, the river...
- Chacaico
- Viluquen
- PurénPurénPurén is a city and commune in Malleco Province of Araucanía Region, Chile. It is located in the west base of the Nahuelbuta mountain range . The economical activity of Purén is based in forest exploitation and agriculture...
major parts of the old Department of Angol and of Traiguén from the Nahuelbuta Range to the Rahue River.- Guadava
- PurénPurénPurén is a city and commune in Malleco Province of Araucanía Region, Chile. It is located in the west base of the Nahuelbuta mountain range . The economical activity of Purén is based in forest exploitation and agriculture...
- Coyamcahuin
- LumacoLumacoLumaco is a town and commune in Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Its name in Mapudungun means "water of luma". Lumaco is located to northeast of Temuco and from Angol...
- Tomelemu
- Coipolevo
- Picoiquen
- Engolmo
- Leborupu
- Voquilemu
- Rupucura located in both shores of the Cholchol River, from entrance of the Colpi RiverColpi River-References:*...
, to the Cautín River, and from the Cautin, from hills of Nielol to the Nahuelbuta Range.- Nielol
- Rupucura
- Colpillan
- Voigueco
- BoroaBoroaBoroa, is a town in Araucanía, Chile on the shores of Cautín River. The region near the town south of the Cautin River between the Boroa and Quepe Rivers was the Moluche aillarehue of Boroa...
south of the Cautin River between the Boroa and Quepe RiverQuepe RiverQuepe River is a river of Chile located in the Araucanía Region. It originates in the lake of the same name, in the vicinity of Llaima volcano. Then flows about 112 km to join the Cautín River near the locality of Almagro, only a few kilometres upstream of the confluence of the rivers Cautín and...
s- Boroa
Ina piremapu
The Butalmapu of MolucheMoluche
Moluche or Nguluche is a dialect of the Mapuche language Mapudungun that is also the ethnic description of the Mapuche peoples speaking that language. At the beginning of the Conquest of Chile by the Spanish Empire the Moluche lived in what came to be known as Araucanía...
aillarehues located in the zone of the foothills of the Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River:
- Malven the old Department of Mulchen to the hills of Pemehue.
- Malven
- Rucalhue
- QuilacoQuilacoQuilaco is a Chilean town and commune located in the Biobío Province, Biobío Region. The commune spans an area of .-History:Quilaco has two accepted meanings: "Three waters" or "Quila in the water". The town has its roots in the Mapuche and Spanish races, as produced with the arrival of Franciscan...
- Colhue between the rivers RenaicoRenaico RiverRenaico River is a Chilean river that, along all its length, straddles the border between the regions of Biobío and Araucanía.Renaico River rises from the northwest flank of Cordillera de Pemehue, a western spur of the Andes Mountains, north of Tolhuaca volcano. In its upper course, the river...
and MallecoMalleco RiverMalleco River is a river in Malleco Province, Araucanía Region, southern Chile. It rises in the western slopes of the Andes, within the Tolhuaca National Park and near Tolhuaca Volcano. The river is a major tributary to the Bío-Bío River. The Malleco Viaduct built in 1890 is the main landmark of...
.- Colhue
- Quecherehue between the Huequén and Traiguén Rivers.
- Quecherehue
- Adencul
- Nupangue
- Quillahueque
- Quillinco between the Traiguén and Cautin RiverCautín RiverThe Cautín is a river in Chile. It rises on the western slopes of the Cordillera de Las Raíces and flows in Araucanía Region. The river's main tributary is the Quepe River. The city of Temuco is located on the Cautín River....
s- Quillinco
- Maquehue between the Cautin and Quepe RiverQuepe RiverQuepe River is a river of Chile located in the Araucanía Region. It originates in the lake of the same name, in the vicinity of Llaima volcano. Then flows about 112 km to join the Cautín River near the locality of Almagro, only a few kilometres upstream of the confluence of the rivers Cautín and...
s- Maquehue
- Quincholco
- Chumilemo
- Puellocavi
- Alihueco
- Ailangue
- Purumen
Piren mapu
The Butalmapu of PehuenchePehuenche
Pehuenches are an indigenous people that are part of the Mapuche peoples and live in the Andes in south central Chile and Argentina. Their name derives from their habit of harvesting of piñones, the seeds of the Araucaria araucana or pehuén...
aillarehues located in the zone of the Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
cordillera
Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain of mountains or mountain ranges, that runs along a coastline . It comes from the Spanish word cordilla, which is a diminutive of cuerda, or "cord"...
between the Itata and the Toltén Rivers:
- Quilcolco between the DuquecoDuqueco RiverDuqueco River is a river of the Bío-Bío Region of Chile....
and the Bio Bio Rivers- Mincoya
- Coquilpoco
- Otarachina
- Iguamamilla
- Iguandepirén
- Inaculicán
- Maricaiveo
- Alcanhuere
- Calvulicán
- Millanaliuél
- Chancanahuél
- Rucalhue, between the valley of the Bio Bio, in the vicinity of Santa BárbaraSanta Bárbara, ChileSanta Bárbara is a Chilean city and commune in Biobío Province, Biobío Region. In 2004 a great portion of its territory was taken off to form the new commune of Alto Biobío.-History:...
- Marupu
- Memacoiputuongo
- Tililco
- Queuco
- Callaqui in the same valley in the vicinity of the Callaque volcano.
- Lolco from Callaque to LonquimayLonquimayLonquimay is a town and commune in the Malleco Province of southern Chile's Araucanía Region.- Transport :It is the terminus of an abandoned broad gauge railway project which supporters cited as the most practical railway route through the Andes to Argentina, but which lacks a link between...
. - Liucura from Lonquimay to Gualletué.
- Huenchulafquén, the vicinity of lake Huenchulafquén.
Willimapu
The Butalmapu of HuillicheHuilliche
The Huilliche is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture. They live in mountain valleys in an area south of Toltén River and on Chiloé Archipelago...
and Cuncos aillarehues located in between the Toltén River and the Bueno River
Bueno River
Bueno River is a river in southern Chile. It originates in Ranco Lake and like most of Chile rivers it drains into the Pacific Ocean at the southern boundary of the Valdivian Coastal Reserve. Its lower flow forms the border between Osorno Province and Ranco Province...
:
- Maricünga or Mariquina located in plain on both banks of the Cruces RiverCruces RiverThe Cruces River is a river near Valdivia, Chile. Río Cruces originates from hills near the Villarica volcano and flows then in south-west direction. The southern and final part of the river follows the Valdivian Coastal Range. At the latitude of Valdivia it is crossed by Río Cruces Bridge near...
.- Marileufu
- Chonqui
- Rucaraque
- Chedque geographic location unknown
- Huenuhue or Guanehue vicinity of Panguipulli LakePanguipulli LakeThe Panguipulli Lake is one of the "Seven Lakes" in Panguipulli municipality, southern Chile. The lake is of glacial origin and it is enclosed by mountain ranges of the Andes, on all sides except the west, where the town of Panguipulli lies in the Chilean Central Valley. The lake is drained by the...
. - Pidhuinco geographic location unknown
- Arique, to the south of the Calle-Calle RiverCalle-Calle RiverCalle-Calle River also called Gudalafquén in Mapudungun, is a river in Valdivia Province, southern Chile. It drains waters from the San Pedro River to the Valdivia River, which in turn flows into Corral Bay on the Pacific Ocean.The Calle-Calle is the only river in Chile that is considered...
to the Callileufu River. - Naghtoltén south of the Toltén RiverToltén RiverToltén River is a river located in the Araucanía Region of Chile. It rises at Villarrica Lake, close to the city of the same name. Its major tributary is Allipén River...
, between the sea and the Donquill River. - Quele to the south of Naghtoltén, from the coast, contiguous with the Maricüga River.
- Coipolavquén
- Huelchehue
- Huadalafquén from the north bank of the Calle-Calle River to the coast, bounded on the north by Maricüga.
- Lucone
- Popalán
- Pocotí
- Calle Calle
- Piden
- Riñihue in the region of Riñihue LakeRiñihue LakeThe Riñihue Lake is a lake of glacial origin in eastern Valdivia Province, southern Chile. It is surrounded by several mountains. The eastern side receives the waters of the Panguipulli Lake, by the Enco River its main contributor. It is the last of the Seven Lakes chain. In the west is it cut...
- Quinchilca to the west of Riñihue and on both sides of the Quinchilca River.
- Collico, between the Calle Calle and Futa RiverFuta RiverFuta River is a river in Los Ríos Region, Chile. It drains waters from the cordillera at the Valdivian Coast Range border north to Tornagaleones River, which in turn flows into the Pacific Ocean at Corral Bay....
s. - Cudico, the region between the Futa River and the sea.
- Sepilloa
- Colleco
- Lepilmapu
- Daghlipulli, to the east of Cudico.
- Quechurehue, between the Allipén RiverAllipén RiverAllipén River is a river located in the Araucanía Region of Chile. It is formed at the junction of the rivers Trufultruful and Zahuelhue, near Melipeuco...
and Villarrica Lake. - Ranco, in the region of Ranco LakeRanco LakeRanco Lake is located in Ranco Province of Chile. It is the largest lake of Los Ríos Region and the fourth largest in Chile. Administratively Ranco Lake is split into three communes; La Unión, Futrono and Lago Ranco. The lake host a series of islands of which Guapi Island is the largest. The...
.
Chawra kawin
The Butalmapu of HuillicheHuilliche
The Huilliche is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture. They live in mountain valleys in an area south of Toltén River and on Chiloé Archipelago...
and Cuncos aillarehues located between the Bueno River and the Reloncaví Sound
Reloncaví Sound
Reloncaví Sound or Seno de Reloncaví is a body of water located immediately south of Puerto Montt, Chile. It is the place where the Intermediate Depression falls into the Pacific Ocean. There are several islands in the sound including Tenglo Island, Maillén Island and Huar Island...
:
- Coihueco south of Osorno, ChileOsorno, ChileOsorno is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475, as of the 2002 census...
. - Cunco on the coast before Llanquihue Lake.
- QuilacahuínQuilacahuínQuilacahuín was a Huilliche aillarehue, that is a confederation of familial clans, of the Chawra kawin Butalmapu located south of the Bueno River, between the Rahue River and the sea, in southern Chile.- Sources :* * Ricardo E. Latcham,...
, between the Rahue RiverRahue RiverRahue River is a river of Chile located in Los Lagos Region. It rises at the western end of the Rupanco Lake. In its middle course, the river flows through the city of Osorno in a north-south direction. Rahue river empties into the Bueno River 40 km inland from the Pacific Ocean.-References:...
and the sea. - Trumao to the north of Quilacahuín, on the South bank of the Bueno RiverBueno RiverBueno River is a river in southern Chile. It originates in Ranco Lake and like most of Chile rivers it drains into the Pacific Ocean at the southern boundary of the Valdivian Coastal Reserve. Its lower flow forms the border between Osorno Province and Ranco Province...
. - Lipihue, to the southwest of Llanquihue lake.
- Lepilmapu, between the Llico River and the Maullín RiverMaullín RiverMaullín River is a river of Chile located in the Los Lagos Region. The river originates as the outflow of Llanquihue Lake, and flows generally southwestward, over a number of small waterfalls, emptying into the Gulf of Coronados...
. - Carelmapu, to the south of the Maullín River.
- CalbucoCalbucoCalbuco is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Calbuco. Administratively Calbuco belongs to the Llanquihue Province of Los Lagos Region. The origin of the city was the Spanish Fort Calbuco founded in 1603, and became later an important fish market...
, to the east of Carelmapu.