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Zbaszyn [] is a town
Town

A town is a type of human settlement ranging from a few to several thousand inhabitants, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas; the precise meaning varies between countries and is not always a matter of legal definition....
 in Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship

Greater Poland Voivodeship is a Voivodeships of Poland, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Poznan Voivodeship, Kalisz Voivodeship, Konin Voivodeship, Pila Voivodeship and Leszno Voivodeship Voivodeships, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Reorganization Act....
, in Nowy Tomysl County
Nowy Tomysl County

Nowy Tomysl County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
. It has 7,319 inhabitants (2004).

History
The town was first mentioned in historical sources from 1231, and it received its city charter before 1311. As a result of the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland

The Second Partition of Poland or Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1793 as the second of partitions of Poland that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795....
 in 1793 it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
 and was administered within South Prussia
South Prussia

South Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807. It was created out of territory annexed in the Partitions of Poland of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and included the regions of Greater Poland and Masovia....
. After the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
, the town was within the Grand Duchy of Posen and later the Province of Posen
Province of Posen

The Province of Posen was a province of Kingdom of Prussia from 1848-1918 and as such part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918; the whole area is now part of Poland....
. It became part of the German Empire
German Empire

The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
 in 1871.






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Zbaszyn [] is a town
Town

A town is a type of human settlement ranging from a few to several thousand inhabitants, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas; the precise meaning varies between countries and is not always a matter of legal definition....
 in Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship

Greater Poland Voivodeship is a Voivodeships of Poland, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Poznan Voivodeship, Kalisz Voivodeship, Konin Voivodeship, Pila Voivodeship and Leszno Voivodeship Voivodeships, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Reorganization Act....
, in Nowy Tomysl County
Nowy Tomysl County

Nowy Tomysl County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
. It has 7,319 inhabitants (2004).

History


The town was first mentioned in historical sources from 1231, and it received its city charter before 1311. As a result of the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland

The Second Partition of Poland or Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1793 as the second of partitions of Poland that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795....
 in 1793 it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
 and was administered within South Prussia
South Prussia

South Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807. It was created out of territory annexed in the Partitions of Poland of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and included the regions of Greater Poland and Masovia....
. After the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
, the town was within the Grand Duchy of Posen and later the Province of Posen
Province of Posen

The Province of Posen was a province of Kingdom of Prussia from 1848-1918 and as such part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918; the whole area is now part of Poland....
. It became part of the German Empire
German Empire

The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
 in 1871. In 1918 it became part of the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II....
.

During the interwar era (1918-1939) it was a town on the border with Germany. In October 1938 Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
 decided to expel those German Jews who did not hold German citizenship or had it taken away, and who originally hailed from Poland. This was in reaction to a Polish decree which was to take away the Polish citizenship of Jews living outside the country, including those in Germany. A few days before that decree was to come into force, 17,000 German Jews that were or could be considered to be citizens of Poland were rounded up and unceremoniously dumped on the Polish border at Zbaszyn and other border towns. The Polish government in turn refused to admit those of them who did not hold valid Polish passports. As a result, thousands of Jews were stuck on the border in makeshift facilities for several days or weeks in appalling conditions. The situation generated widespread outrage among the Jewish community in Poland, which conducted extensive efforts to help the internees in any way possible and was the occasion of the assassination of the German Embassy official in Paris Ernst vom Rath
Ernst vom Rath

Ernst Eduard vom Rath was a Nazi Germany diplomat. He is most noted for his assassination in Paris in 1938 by a Jewish youth, Herschel Grynszpan....
 by Herschel Grynszpan
Herschel Grynszpan

File:Herschel_Grynszpan_nov_7_1938.jpg Herschel Feibel Grynszpan , was a Germany political assassin. Grynszpan's November 7, 1938 assassination of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath served as a pretext for the Kristallnacht, the Antisemitism pogrom of November 9?10, 1938....
. Eventually the Polish government finally allowed them, in stages, to enter the country.

Notable residents

  • Marcin Czechowic
    Marcin Czechowic

    Martin Czechowic was a Polish Socinian priest, theologian and writer.Born at Zbaszynie on the German border, Czechowic received a humanistic education in Poznan and at the University of Leipzig ....
     (1532-1613), theologian
  • Stefan Garczynski
    Stefan Garczynski (1690-1756)

    Stefan Garczynski , voivode of Poznan, writer in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Owner of Zbaszyn.Son of Damian Garczynski. Father of Franciszek Garczynsk, Stefan Garczynski and Edward Garczynski....
     (1690-1756), nobleman and writer
  • Otto Schmirgal
    Otto Schmirgal

    Otto Schmirgal was a Germany workman, politician, and a Widerstand fighter against the Nazi Germany.Schmirgal was born in Bentschen in the Province of Posen....
     (1900-1944), politician
  • Hans Petersson
    Hans Petersson

    Hans Petersson was a Germany mathematician. He introduced the Petersson inner product and is also known for the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture....
     (1902-1984), mathematician