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Veluwe
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The Veluwe is a forest-rich ridge of hills in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. The Veluwe features many different landscapes including woodland, heath, some small lakes and Europe's largest sand drifts.
The Veluwe is the largest moraine complex in the Netherlands, stretching 60 km from north to south, and reaching heights of up to 110 meters.
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Encyclopedia
The Veluwe is a forest-rich ridge of hills in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. The Veluwe features many different landscapes including woodland, heath, some small lakes and Europe's largest sand drifts.
The Veluwe is the largest moraine complex in the Netherlands, stretching 60 km from north to south, and reaching heights of up to 110 meters. The Veluwe was formed by the Saalian glacial during the Pleistocene epoch, some 200,000 years ago. Glaciers some 200 meters thick pushed the sand deposits in the Rhine and Maas Delta sideways, creating the hills which now form most of the Veluwe. Because the hills are made of sand, rain water disappears rapidly, and then it flows at a depth of tens of meters to the edges where it reaches the surface again.
Originally the Veluwe was surrounded by a string of swamps, very popular with game such as deer and wild boars because these areas offered rich vegetation to feed on. Since the 1990s many plans are underway, or have already been implimented, to restore these wetlands by blocking the drainage systems built by farmers during the last 150 years. This results in very dry heathland changing into wetland within a span of just a few hundred meters. The Wisselse Veen near the village of Epe, on the North West Veluwe, offers a good example of this.
In the center of the southern Veluwe lies a national park, the Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe, measuring approximately 50 square kilometers in area, just five percent of the whole Veluwe. Although the park is relatively small, it blocks the passage of long-distance walkers and game, because it is surrounded by high fences. The fences are needed because De Hoge Veluwe is the only part of the Veluwe with an admission charge. Farther to the east there is a second national park, called the Veluwezoom, also measuring some 50 square kilometers, which is not fenced in and freely accessible. There are plans to turn the entire Veluwe - the largest lowland nature area in Northwestern Europe - into one large national park.
Flora and fauna
There are both coniferous and deciduous forests on the Veluwe, and some 500 different plant species can be found. The region is also home to many different species of animals, such as wild boars, several species of deer, several species of snakes, including the common viper, Pine Martens, foxes, and badgers. Furthermore, the bird raven was successfully reintroduced, and the exotic Reeves's muntjac and mouflon can be seen sometimes. In all, the Veluwe is among the best places in the Netherlands to see wildlife.
Developments
Parts of the Veluwe that have been separated from each other by roads, towns and farmland are being reconnected by returning farmland to nature and creating wildlife crossings over highways. In 2007, three of these overpasses had been built, each one about 50 meters wide and covered with sand and vegetation to encourage animals to use it. Six more will be built in the next five years. Wildlife corridors connecting the Veluwe to other wildlife areas such as the Oostvaardersplassen in the Netherlands and the Reichswald in Germany are being developed. It is hoped that by doing so the genetic diversity of the wildlife population will increase, and that the Veluwe can be restored to its role as a main location for wildlife in North Western Europe.
Tourism
The Veluwe is a popular tourist destination, especially for Dutch people wanting to go on a short vacation in their own country. Campsites and bungalow parks are the preferred place to stay for most visitors. There are more than 500 of these sites, more than in all of Switzerland. Most of these are located on the outskirts of the natural area. One of the bungalow parks located in a more sensitive natural area was removed around 2004, and there are other candidates. In order to turn the entire Veluwe into one large National Park, and meet the IUCN standards for a National Park (a IUCN-category two area), such moves are necessary. Removing remaining fences, as around De Hoge Veluwe and some other areas, is also essential. Around 2006, a small industrial zone near the village of Renkum was removed because it was blocking a valley, and a large military complex near Nunspeet was completely demolished instead of being redeveloped as a business area.
Besides the natural beauty of the area, other tourist attractions include four zoos, over 50 museums including the famous Kröller-Müller art museum, and the royal palace of Het Loo. Most of these attractions are just outside the nature area. In the Veluwe area there are also several lakes that provide recreation on both the water and the beaches.
Miscellaneous
In the summer of 2005 there were many claims of the sighting of a wild feline beast, nicknamed (in Dutch) "De poema van de Veluwe". This was eventually discovered to be a hoax, since some people mistook a feral cat for a cougar when seen from a distance.
Towns and Cities
There are 21 towns and cities in the Veluwe region: Apeldoorn, Arnhem, Barneveld, Brummen, Ede, Elburg, Epe, Ermelo, Harderwijk, Hattem, Heerde, Nijkerk, Nunspeet, Oldebroek, Putten, Renkum, Rheden, Rozendaal, Scherpenzeel, Voorst and Wageningen.
See also
List of national parks of the Netherlands
External links
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