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In anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
, the urinary bladder (roughly translated from Latin as urinary vesicle) is a solid, muscular
MUSCLE

MUSCLE is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.MUSCLE is integrated into UGENE bioinformatics tool as a plugin....
, and distensible (or elastic) organ that sits on the pelvic floor
Pelvic floor

The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis....
 in mammal
Mammal

Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals whose name is derived from their distinctive feature, mammary glands, with which they feed their young....
s. It is the organ that collects urine
Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the kidneys by a process of filtration from blood called urination and excreted through the urethra....
 excreted by the kidney
Kidney

The kidneys are Organ that have numerous biological roles. Their primary role is to maintain the homeostasis balance of bodily fluids by filtering and secreting Metabolomics#Metabolitess and minerals from the blood and excreting them, along with water , as urine....
s prior to disposal by urination
Urination

Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, and, more rarely, emiction, is the process of disposing urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body....
. Urine enters the bladder via the ureter
Ureter

In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular ducts that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long....
s and exits via the urethra
Urethra

In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen....
.

In males, the base of the bladder lies between the rectum and the pubic symphysis. It is superior to the prostate
Prostate

The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. Females do not have a prostate gland, although females do have tiny paraurethral Skene's glands connected to the distal third of the urethra in the prevaginal space that are homologous to the prostate....
, and separated from the rectum
Rectum

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus....
 by the rectovesical excavation
Rectovesical excavation

Between the rectum and the urinary bladder the peritoneal cavity forms, in the male, a pouch, the rectovesical excavation , the bottom of which is slightly below the level of the upper ends of the vesiculae seminales?i....
.

In females, the bladder sits inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina.






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In anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
, the urinary bladder (roughly translated from Latin as urinary vesicle) is a solid, muscular
MUSCLE

MUSCLE is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.MUSCLE is integrated into UGENE bioinformatics tool as a plugin....
, and distensible (or elastic) organ that sits on the pelvic floor
Pelvic floor

The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis....
 in mammal
Mammal

Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals whose name is derived from their distinctive feature, mammary glands, with which they feed their young....
s. It is the organ that collects urine
Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the kidneys by a process of filtration from blood called urination and excreted through the urethra....
 excreted by the kidney
Kidney

The kidneys are Organ that have numerous biological roles. Their primary role is to maintain the homeostasis balance of bodily fluids by filtering and secreting Metabolomics#Metabolitess and minerals from the blood and excreting them, along with water , as urine....
s prior to disposal by urination
Urination

Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, and, more rarely, emiction, is the process of disposing urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body....
. Urine enters the bladder via the ureter
Ureter

In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular ducts that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long....
s and exits via the urethra
Urethra

In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen....
.

In males, the base of the bladder lies between the rectum and the pubic symphysis. It is superior to the prostate
Prostate

The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. Females do not have a prostate gland, although females do have tiny paraurethral Skene's glands connected to the distal third of the urethra in the prevaginal space that are homologous to the prostate....
, and separated from the rectum
Rectum

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus....
 by the rectovesical excavation
Rectovesical excavation

Between the rectum and the urinary bladder the peritoneal cavity forms, in the male, a pouch, the rectovesical excavation , the bottom of which is slightly below the level of the upper ends of the vesiculae seminales?i....
.

In females, the bladder sits inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina. It is separated from the uterus
Uterus

The uterus is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation....
 by the vesicouterine excavation
Vesicouterine excavation

The peritoneum over the rectum and the urinary bladder is continued over the intestinal surface and fundus of the uterus on to its vesical surface, which it covers as far as the junction of the body and cervix uteri, and then to the bladder, forming here a second, but shallower, pouch, the vesicouterine excavation ....
.

In infants and young children, the urinary bladder is in the abdomen
Abdomen

In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen constitutes the part of the body between the thorax and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity....
 even when empty.

Detrusor muscle


The detrusor muscle is a layer of the urinary bladder wall made of smooth muscle
Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the tunica media layer of large and small arteries and veins, the urinary bladder, uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, the ciliary muscle, and iris of the eye....
 fibers arranged in spiral, longitudinal, and circular bundles
Fiber bundle

File:Roundhairbrush.JPGIn mathematics, and particularly topology, a fiber bundle is intuitively a space E which locally "looks" like a product space B ? F, but globally may have a different topological structure....
. When the bladder is stretched, this signals the parasympathetic nervous system to contract the detrusor muscle. This encourages the bladder to expel urine
Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the kidneys by a process of filtration from blood called urination and excreted through the urethra....
 through the urethra
Urethra

In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen....
.

For the urine to exit the bladder, both the autonomic
Autonomic

Autonomic can refer to several things, including:*Autonomic nervous system*Autonomic computing*Autonomic system *Autonomic networking...
ally controlled internal sphincter
Sphincter

A sphincter is a structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning....
 and the voluntarily
Somatic

The term somatic refers to cells of the body, rather than gametes . In humans, somatic cells contain two copies of each chromosome , whereas eggs and sperm only contain one copy of each chromosome ....
 controlled external sphincter must be opened. Problems with these muscles can lead to incontinence
Urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence is any involuntary leakage of urine. It is a common and distressing problem, which may have a profound impact on quality of life....
. If the amount of urine reaches 100% of the urinary bladder volume, the voluntary sphincter becomes involuntary and the urine will be ejected instantly, although it is possible to "hold yourself" in order to prevent urination.

The urinary bladder usually holds 400–620 mL of urine, but it can hold twice this without rupturing if, for example, the outflow is obstructed.

The desire to urinate
Urination

Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, and, more rarely, emiction, is the process of disposing urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body....
 usually starts when the bladder reaches around 25% of its working volume. If the subject is distracted the desire can fade and return with more urgency as the bladder continues to fill.

Since the urinary bladder has a transitional epithelium, compared to the intestine mucosa, the urinary bladder does not produce mucus.

Fundus

The fundus of the urinary bladder is the base of the bladder, formed by the posterior wall. It is lymphatically drained by the external iliac lymph nodes. The peritoneum lies superior to the fundus.

Disorders

Disorders of or related to the bladder include:
  • Overactive bladder
    Overactive bladder

    Overactive bladder is a urological condition defined by a set of symptoms: "urgency, with or without Urinary incontinence#Urge_incontinence_or_Hypertonic, usually with frequency and nocturia." The is responsible for this definition....
    , a condition which affects a large number of people.
  • Bladder cancer
    Bladder cancer

    Bladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder....
  • Bladder infection
  • Bladder spasm
    Bladder spasm

    A bladder spasm is an acute spasmodic pain which arises from the bladder.Bladder spasms are usually experienced by children following ureteric reimplantation surgery....
  • Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
    Bladder sphincter dyssynergia

    Bladder sphincter dyssynergia or more technically detrusor sphincter dysynergia is a consequence of a neurological condition such as spinal injury or multiple sclerosis where the contraction of the urinary bladder musculature is not coordinated with the relaxation of the sphincter....
    , a condition in which the sufferer cannot coordinate relaxation of the urethra sphincter with the contraction of the bladder muscles
  • Bladder stones
  • Cystitis
    Cystitis

    Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary bladder. The condition more often affects women, but can affect either sex and all age groups....
  • Interstitial Cystitis
    Interstitial cystitis

    Interstitial cystitis is a urinary bladder disease of unknown cause characterised by urinary frequency , urgency, pressure and/or pain in the bladder and/or pelvis....
  • Hematuria
    Hematuria

    In medicine, hematuria, or haematuria, is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can be a sign that there is a kidney stone or a tumor in the ureter, urinary bladder, prostate, or urethra....
    , or presence of blood in the urine, is a reason to seek medical attention without delay, as it is a symptom of bladder cancer as well as bladder and kidney stone
    Kidney stone

    Kidney stones, also called renal Calculus , are solid concretions of dissolved dietary mineral in urine; calculi typically form inside the kidneys or bladder....
    s.
  • Urinary incontinence
    Urinary incontinence

    Urinary incontinence is any involuntary leakage of urine. It is a common and distressing problem, which may have a profound impact on quality of life....
  • Bladder exstrophy
    Bladder exstrophy

    Bladder exstrophy, more properly, the exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare congenital anomality occurring once every 40,000-50,000 live births with a 2:1 male:female ratio....
     


Uses

Besides its normal use to the possessor, animal bladders (usually pig
Pig

Pigs, also called hogs or swine, are a genus of even-toed ungulates within the Family Suidae. The name pig, hog, or swine most commonly refers to the Domestic pig in everyday parlance, but technically encompasses several distinct species, including the Wild Boar....
 bladders) have been used to make balls (such as football
Football (ball)

A football is a ball used to play one of the various sports known as football.In the distant past, crude balls such as inflated pigs' bladders were used, but balls are now designed by teams of engineers to exacting specifications....
s) and even a musical instrument, the bumbass
Bumbass

The bumbass was a folk instrument used throughout Europe. The instrument was basically a large monochord made with a long stick, a thick gut Strings , and a pig's bladder....
.

See also


  • Artificial bladder
  • Bladder augmentation
    Bladder augmentation

    Bladder augmentation is a surgical alteration of the urinary bladder. It involves removing strips of tissue from the intestinal tract and adding this to the tissue of the bladder....
  • Neurogenic bladder
    Neurogenic bladder

    Neurogenic bladder refers to dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of micturition....
  • Ureterocele
    Ureterocele

    A ureterocele is a congenital abnormality found in the urinary bladder. In this condition called ureteroceles, the ureter balloons at its opening into the bladder, forming a sac-like pouch....
  • Urodynamics
    Urodynamics

    Urodynamics is the investigation of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract, i.e. the Urinary bladder and the urethra. Symptoms reported by the patient are often an unreliable guide to the underlying dysfunction of the lower urinary tract....
     The study of the functional aspects of the detrusor muscle.
  • Uvula of urinary bladder
    Uvula of urinary bladder

    The mucous membrane immediately behind the internal urethral orifice presents a slight elevation, the uvula of urinary bladder, caused by the middle lobe of the prostate....
  • Vesicouretic reflux
    Vesicouretic reflux

    Vesicouretic reflux is a condition in which normal compression of the urinary bladder during urination results in an abnormal backflow of urine into the kidneys....
  • Urinary bladder disease
    Urinary bladder disease

    Urinary bladder disease can be congenital or acquired....
  • Interstitial Cystitis
    Interstitial cystitis

    Interstitial cystitis is a urinary bladder disease of unknown cause characterised by urinary frequency , urgency, pressure and/or pain in the bladder and/or pelvis....


External links

"Urinary Bladder" - "Mammal, bladder (LM, Medium)"

Additional images