UFC 105
Encyclopedia
UFC 105: Couture vs. Vera was a mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts
Mixed Martial Arts is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and grappling techniques, both standing and on the ground, including boxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, muay Thai, kickboxing, karate, judo and other styles. The roots of modern mixed martial arts can be...

 event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship
Ultimate Fighting Championship
The Ultimate Fighting Championship is the largest mixed martial arts promotion company in the world that hosts most of the top-ranked fighters in the sport...

 (UFC) on November 14, 2009 in Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 at the Manchester Evening News Arena
Manchester Evening News Arena
The Manchester Evening News Arena is an indoor arena situated in Manchester, England. It is adjacent to Manchester Victoria station near Corporation Street...

. This event aired on the same day, via tape delay
Broadcast delay
In radio and television, broadcast delay refers to the practice of intentionally delaying broadcast of live material. A short delay is often used to prevent profanity, bloopers, violence, or other undesirable material from making it to air, including more mundane problems such as technical...

, on Spike in the U.S.

Background

A previously rumoured Lightweight Championship bout between BJ Penn and Diego Sanchez
Diego Sánchez
Diego J. Sanchez is an American mixed martial artist of Mexican descent, with a background in wrestling and Gaidojutsu, system of submission wrestling developed by his longtime trainer Greg Jackson...

 did not take place at this event. At the UFC 102
UFC 102
UFC 102: Couture vs. Nogueira was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 29, 2009 at the Rose Garden in Portland, Oregon...

 press conference White said it was likely that the fight will be moved to a third event in November which was at the time still unannounced. It was later announced that the bout would take place at UFC 107
UFC 107
UFC 107: Penn vs. Sanchez was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on December 12, 2009 in Memphis, Tennessee at the FedExForum.-Background:...

.

A bout between Antônio Rogério Nogueira
Antonio Rogerio Nogueira
Antônio Rogério Nogueira is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist currently signed with the UFC. He is the twin brother of Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira. A proficient amateur boxer, he was the 2006 and 2007 Brazilian Super Heavyweight Champion. He also won a bronze medal in the 2007 Pan...

 and Luiz Arthur Cane
Luiz Cane
Luiz Arthuro Cané Jr. is a Brazilian mixed martial artist. Born and raised in the Jardim Bonfiglioli neighborhood, located in the district of Butantan, west side of the city of São Paulo, Luiz Cane alternated working hours in the , with their parents, with hours of training in Jiu-Jitsu Academy...

 was moved to UFC 106
UFC 106
UFC 106: Ortiz vs. Griffin 2 was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on November 21, 2009 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center.-Background:...

. Dong Hyun Kim
Dong Hyun Kim
Kim Dong-hyun , often anglicised to Dong-hyun Kim, is a South Korean mixed martial artist currently fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship's welterweight division. He was signed by the UFC after fighting in the Japanese promotion DEEP and in the Korean promotion Spirit MC...

 was forced to pull out of his bout with Dan Hardy
Dan Hardy
Dan Hardy is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the welterweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2004, Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008. He was...

 due to an injury. He was replaced by Mike Swick
Mike Swick
Mike Swick is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship as a welterweight....

.

The winner of Mike Swick
Mike Swick
Mike Swick is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship as a welterweight....

 vs. Dan Hardy
Dan Hardy
Dan Hardy is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the welterweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2004, Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008. He was...

 was said to receive a title shot at Georges St. Pierre
Georges St. Pierre
Georges St-Pierre , often referred to as GSP, is a Canadian mixed martial artist and the current Welterweight Champion of the UFC. St-Pierre is ranked as the No. 1 Welterweight in the world according to Sherdog, MMAWeekly and numerous other publications. St-Pierre is ranked the No. 2 pound for...

 in early 2010. This fight took place at UFC 111
UFC 111
UFC 111: St-Pierre vs. Hardy was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on March 27, 2010 at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, United States.-Background:...

. A previously announced bout between Peter Sobotta
Peter Sobotta
Peter Sobotta is a Polish-German mixed martial artist who currently competes in the welterweight division.-Early career:...

 and DaMarques Johnson
DaMarques Johnson
DaMarques Johnson is an American mixed martial artist. He was the runner up for the welterweights on The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom.-Background:...

 was cancelled due to a military commitment for Sobotta.

Preliminary card

  • Lightweight bout:   Andre Winner
    Andre Winner
    Andre Winner is an English professional mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom, reaching the final. Winner is also a member of Team Rough House. He holds notable wins over Jeff Lawson, Rolando Delgado and Rafaello...

     vs.   Rolando Delgado
    Rolando Delgado
    Rolando Delgado is an American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir.-Biography:...

Winner defeated Delgado via KO (punches) at 3:22 of round 1. Though this bout aired on the live broadcast and Spike TV broadcast following the Wilks vs. Brown fight, the bout was not featured on the DVD release.
  • Light Heavyweight bout:   Alexander Gustafsson
    Alexander Gustafsson
    Alexander Gustafsson is a Swedish mixed martial artist who has competed for Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, Shooto, FinnFight and UFC in his career. He is currently signed with the UFC fighting in their light heavyweight division. As of August 2011, Gustafsson is ranked the #9 light-heavyweight in the...

     vs.   Jared Hamman
    Jared Hamman
    Jared Hamman is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is known for being able to take mass amounts of punishment, UFC Commentator Joe Rogan has described Hamman as having a "rubber chin".-Biography:Prior to beginning his...

Gustafsson defeated Hamman via KO (punches) at 0:41 of round 1. This bout aired on the live broadcast and Spike TV broadcast following the Bisping vs. Kang fight.
  • Lightweight bout:   Paul Kelly vs.   Dennis Siver
    Dennis Siver
    Dennis D. Siver ; born January 13, 1979) is a Russian-German mixed martial artist who competes in the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As of July 2011, Siver is ranked as the #8 lightweight fighter in the world by MMAWeekly...

Siver defeated Kelly via TKO (spinning back kick and punches) at 2:53 of round 2.
  • Welterweight bout:   Nick Osipczak
    Nick Osipczak
    Nicholas Dominic Osipczak is an English professional mixed martial artist. He is a cast member of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. He is also a known practitioner of Sanshou and Kung Fu, and is a member of Team Rough House.-Background:Nick attended high school at...

     vs.   Matthew Riddle
Osipczak defeated Riddle via TKO (punches) at 3:53 of round 3.
  • Lightweight bout:   Terry Etim
    Terry Etim
    Terence Lee "Terry" Etim is an English mixed martial artist and Thai boxer who trains with Team Kaobon and RFT. He is trained by Colin Heron and Marcelo Brigadeiro...

     vs.   Shannon Gugerty
    Shannon Gugerty
    Shannon Kevin Gugerty is an American mixed martial artist. He has competed primarily in the Total Combat promotion, making his UFC debut at UFC Fight Night: Silva vs...

Etim defeated Gugerty via submission (guillotine choke) at 1:24 of round 2.
  • Welterweight bout:   Paul Taylor
    Paul Taylor (fighter)
    Paul Simon Taylor is an English mixed martial artist from Walsall. He stands 6'0" and weighs . He has fought regularly for Ultimate Fighting Championship. He holds notable wins over Jess Liaudin and Gabe Ruediger....

     vs.   John Hathaway
    John Hathaway
    John Hathaway is an English mixed martial arts fighter who competes in the welterweight division. He made his Ultimate Fighting Championship debut by defeating Tom Egan at UFC 93 and holds notable Octagon victories over Rick Story, Paul Taylor and Diego Sanchez...

Hathaway defeated Taylor via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, 30–26).

Main card

  • Lightweight bout:   Ross Pearson
    Ross Pearson
    Ross Pearson is an English professional mixed martial artist from Sunderland. He is the lightweight division winner of The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom and is a member of Team Rough House.-Background:...

     vs.   Aaron Riley
    Aaron Riley
    Aaron Matthew Riley is an American mixed martial arts fighter who currently teaches MMA at Warrior Gym in Alexandria, Virginia. He competes in the Lightweight Division.-Ultimate Fighting Championship:...

Pearson defeated Riley via TKO (doctor stoppage) at 4:34 of round 2.
  • Welterweight bout:   James Wilks
    James Wilks
    James Brett Wilks is an English professional mixed martial artist. He was the winner of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. Wilks currently fights for Ultimate Fighting Championship in the welterweight division.-Biography:Wilks was born and raised in Leicestershire,...

     vs.   Matt Brown
    Matt Brown (fighter)
    Matthew Burton Brown is an American professional mixed martial artist.Brown starred in the seventh season of The Ultimate Fighter television series and was eliminated from the show in the ninth episode due to a loss to Amir Sadollah by Triangle Choke...

Brown defeated Wilks via TKO (punches) at 2:26 of round 3.
  • Middleweight bout:   Michael Bisping
    Michael Bisping
    Michael Gavin Joseph Bisping is an English mixed martial artist born in Cyprus but living in Clitheroe, Lancashire. He currently fights as a middleweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship and is the former Cage Warriors Fighting Championship light heavyweight champion, former Cage Rage light...

     vs.   Denis Kang
    Denis Kang
    Denis Kang is a Canadian mixed martial artist of Korean French descent. He was the PRIDE FC welterweight grand prix finalist in which he lost to Kazuo Misaki...

Bisping defeated Kang via TKO (strikes) at 4:24 of round 2.
  • Welterweight bout:   Mike Swick
    Mike Swick
    Mike Swick is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship as a welterweight....

     vs.   Dan Hardy
    Dan Hardy
    Dan Hardy is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the welterweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2004, Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008. He was...

Hardy defeated Swick via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, 29–28).
  • Light Heavyweight bout:   Randy Couture
    Randy Couture
    Randy Duane Couture is a retired American mixed martial artist, Greco-Roman wrestler, actor, a three-time former heavyweight champion, two-time former light-heavyweight champion, former interim light heavyweight champion and UFC 13 tournament winner of the Ultimate Fighting Championship...

     vs.   Brandon Vera
    Brandon Vera
    Brandon Michael Vera is an American mixed martial artist. He competes as a light heavyweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is the winner of the WEC 13 Heavyweight Tournament and currently resides in San Diego, California. He holds notable victories over Frank Mir, Assuerio Silva,...

Couture defeated Vera via unanimous decision (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) .

Bonus awards

Fighters were awarded $40,000 bonuses.
  • Fight of the Night:   Michael Bisping vs.   Denis Kang
  • Knockout of the Night:   Dennis Siver
  • Submission of the Night:   Terry Etim

Entrance music

Fighter Artist Title Album
Aaron Riley
Aaron Riley
Aaron Matthew Riley is an American mixed martial arts fighter who currently teaches MMA at Warrior Gym in Alexandria, Virginia. He competes in the Lightweight Division.-Ultimate Fighting Championship:...

Paul Oakenfold
Paul Oakenfold
Paul Mark Oakenfold is a British record producer and a trance DJ.-Early Career: 1979–84:Paul Oakenfold's career was set to be a chef, after having hopes of becoming part of a band. He describes his early life as a "bedroom deejay" in a podcasted interview with Vancouver's 24 Hours, stating he grew...

"Ready Steady Go" Bunka
Alexander Gustafsson
Alexander Gustafsson
Alexander Gustafsson is a Swedish mixed martial artist who has competed for Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, Shooto, FinnFight and UFC in his career. He is currently signed with the UFC fighting in their light heavyweight division. As of August 2011, Gustafsson is ranked the #9 light-heavyweight in the...

Cypress Hill
Cypress Hill
Cypress Hill is an American hip hop group from South Gate, California. Cypress Hill was the first Latino hip-hop group to have platinum and multi-platinum albums, selling over 18 million albums worldwide...

"Illusions" Cypress Hill III: Temples of Boom
Andre Winner
Andre Winner
Andre Winner is an English professional mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom, reaching the final. Winner is also a member of Team Rough House. He holds notable wins over Jeff Lawson, Rolando Delgado and Rafaello...

50 Cent
50 Cent
Curtis James Jackson III , better known by his stage name 50 Cent, is an American rapper, entrepreneur, investor, record producer, and actor. He rose to fame with the release of his albums Get Rich or Die Tryin and The Massacre . Get Rich or Die Tryin has been certified eight times platinum by...

"OK, You're Right" Before I Self Destruct
Brandon Vera
Brandon Vera
Brandon Michael Vera is an American mixed martial artist. He competes as a light heavyweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is the winner of the WEC 13 Heavyweight Tournament and currently resides in San Diego, California. He holds notable victories over Frank Mir, Assuerio Silva,...

The Black Eyed Peas
The Black Eyed Peas
The Black Eyed Peas are an American pop group , formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1995. The group includes rappers will.i.am, apl.de.ap, and Taboo, and singer Fergie. Since the release of their third album Elephunk in 2003, the group has sold an estimated 56 million records worldwide...

"Bebot" Monkey Business
Dan Hardy
Dan Hardy
Dan Hardy is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the welterweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2004, Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008. He was...

Cock Sparrer
Cock Sparrer
Cock Sparrer are a punk rock band formed in 1972 in the East End of London, England. Although they never enjoyed much commercial success, they are considered one of the most influential streetpunk bands, helping pave the way for the late-1970s punk scene and the Oi! subgenre...

"England Belongs to Me" Shock Troops
Denis Kang
Denis Kang
Denis Kang is a Canadian mixed martial artist of Korean French descent. He was the PRIDE FC welterweight grand prix finalist in which he lost to Kazuo Misaki...

Cupid
Cupid
In Roman mythology, Cupid is the god of desire, affection and erotic love. He is the son of the goddess Venus and the god Mars. His Greek counterpart is Eros...

"Super Korean" Second Round (Single)
Dennis Siver
Dennis Siver
Dennis D. Siver ; born January 13, 1979) is a Russian-German mixed martial artist who competes in the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As of July 2011, Siver is ranked as the #8 lightweight fighter in the world by MMAWeekly...

Papa Roach
Papa Roach
Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California. Their first major-label release was the triple-platinum album Infest . The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy , their platinum album Getting Away with Murder , The Paramour Sessions , and Metamorphosis...

"Last Resort" Infest
James Wilks
James Wilks
James Brett Wilks is an English professional mixed martial artist. He was the winner of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. Wilks currently fights for Ultimate Fighting Championship in the welterweight division.-Biography:Wilks was born and raised in Leicestershire,...

Dilated Peoples
Dilated Peoples
Dilated Peoples is an American hip hop group from Los Angeles, California. The group achieved notability in the underground hip hop community, although they have had little mainstream success in the US, with the exception of the song "This Way," a 2004 collaboration with Kanye West and Xzibit...

"Kindness for Weakness" 20/20
Jared Hamman
Jared Hamman
Jared Hamman is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is known for being able to take mass amounts of punishment, UFC Commentator Joe Rogan has described Hamman as having a "rubber chin".-Biography:Prior to beginning his...

Pennywise
Pennywise
Pennywise or Penny Wise may refer to:* Pennywise , an American punk rock band* Jon Vitti, writer for The Simpsons, who has used the pseudonym Penny Wise* A monster that took on the disguise of a clown from Stephen King's novel It...

"Bro Hymn" Pennywise
John Hathaway
John Hathaway
John Hathaway is an English mixed martial arts fighter who competes in the welterweight division. He made his Ultimate Fighting Championship debut by defeating Tom Egan at UFC 93 and holds notable Octagon victories over Rick Story, Paul Taylor and Diego Sanchez...

The Black Keys
The Black Keys
The Black Keys are an American rock duo consisting of vocalist/guitarist Dan Auerbach and drummer/producer Patrick Carney. The band was formed in Akron, Ohio, in 2001. As of October 2011, the band has sold over 2 million albums in the U.S....

"Your Touch" Magic Potion
Matt Brown
Matt Brown (fighter)
Matthew Burton Brown is an American professional mixed martial artist.Brown starred in the seventh season of The Ultimate Fighter television series and was eliminated from the show in the ninth episode due to a loss to Amir Sadollah by Triangle Choke...

RZA
RZA
Robert Fitzgerald Diggs, better known by his stage name RZA , is an American Grammy-winning music producer, multi-instrumentalist, author, emcee, and occasional actor, director, and screenwriter. A prominent figure in Hip Hop, RZA is the de facto leader of the Wu-Tang Clan. He has produced almost...

"You Can't Stop Me Now" You Can't Stop Me Now
Matthew Riddle
Matthew Riddle
Matthew Frederick Riddle is an American professional mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter 7...

Rick Derringer
Rick Derringer
Rick Derringer is an American guitarist, vocalist, and entertainer.-1960s:When he was seventeen years old, his band The McCoys recorded "Hang on Sloopy" in the summer of 1965, which became the number one song in America before "Yesterday" by The Beatles knocked it out of the top spot. The song was...

"Real American" The Wrestling Album
Michael Bisping
Michael Bisping
Michael Gavin Joseph Bisping is an English mixed martial artist born in Cyprus but living in Clitheroe, Lancashire. He currently fights as a middleweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship and is the former Cage Warriors Fighting Championship light heavyweight champion, former Cage Rage light...

Blur
Blur (band)
Blur is an English alternative rock band. Formed in London in 1989 as Seymour, the group consists of singer Damon Albarn, guitarist Graham Coxon, bassist Alex James and drummer Dave Rowntree. Blur's debut album Leisure incorporated the sounds of Madchester and shoegazing...

"Song 2" Blur
Mike Swick
Mike Swick
Mike Swick is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship as a welterweight....

2Pac "Ambition Az a Ridah" All Eyez on Me
Nick Osipczak
Nick Osipczak
Nicholas Dominic Osipczak is an English professional mixed martial artist. He is a cast member of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. He is also a known practitioner of Sanshou and Kung Fu, and is a member of Team Rough House.-Background:Nick attended high school at...

Dizzee Rascal
Dizzee Rascal
Dylan Kwabena Mills , better known by his stage name Dizzee Rascal, is a Ghanaian British rapper, songwriter and record producer. His music is a blend of garage, hip hop, grime, ragga, pop and electronic music, with eclectic samples and more exotic styles...

"Jus' A Rascal" Boy In Da Corner
Paul Kelly Kings of Leon
Kings of Leon
Kings of Leon is an American rock band that originated in Albion, Oklahoma but formed in Nashville, Tennessee in 1999. The band is composed of brothers Anthony Caleb Followill , Ivan Nathan Followill and Michael Jared Followill Kings of Leon is an American rock band that originated in Albion,...

"Use Somebody" Only by the Night
Paul Taylor
Paul Taylor (fighter)
Paul Simon Taylor is an English mixed martial artist from Walsall. He stands 6'0" and weighs . He has fought regularly for Ultimate Fighting Championship. He holds notable wins over Jess Liaudin and Gabe Ruediger....

The Jam
The Jam
The Jam were an English punk rock/New Wave/mod revival band active during the late 1970s and early 1980s. They were formed in Woking, Surrey. While they shared the "angry young men" outlook and fast tempos of their punk rock contemporaries, The Jam wore smartly tailored suits rather than ripped...

"Town Called Malice" The Gift
Randy Couture
Randy Couture
Randy Duane Couture is a retired American mixed martial artist, Greco-Roman wrestler, actor, a three-time former heavyweight champion, two-time former light-heavyweight champion, former interim light heavyweight champion and UFC 13 tournament winner of the Ultimate Fighting Championship...

Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band, active in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. Formed in 1968, they consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham...

"Kashmir" Physical Graffiti
Rolando Delgado
Rolando Delgado
Rolando Delgado is an American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir.-Biography:...

U2
U2
U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin. Formed in 1976, the group consists of Bono , The Edge , Adam Clayton , and Larry Mullen, Jr. . U2's early sound was rooted in post-punk but eventually grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music...

"Beautiful Day" All That You Can't Leave Behind
Ross Pearson
Ross Pearson
Ross Pearson is an English professional mixed martial artist from Sunderland. He is the lightweight division winner of The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom and is a member of Team Rough House.-Background:...

The Black Eyed Peas
The Black Eyed Peas
The Black Eyed Peas are an American pop group , formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1995. The group includes rappers will.i.am, apl.de.ap, and Taboo, and singer Fergie. Since the release of their third album Elephunk in 2003, the group has sold an estimated 56 million records worldwide...

"I Gotta Feeling" The E.N.D. (Energy Never Dies)
Shannon Gugerty
Shannon Gugerty
Shannon Kevin Gugerty is an American mixed martial artist. He has competed primarily in the Total Combat promotion, making his UFC debut at UFC Fight Night: Silva vs...

Cold War Kids
Cold War Kids
Cold War Kids are an American indie rock band from Long Beach, California. Band members are Nathan Willett , Jonnie Russell , Matt Maust , and Matt Aveiro .-History:...

"Something Is Not Right with Me" Loyalty to Loyalty
Terry Etim
Terry Etim
Terence Lee "Terry" Etim is an English mixed martial artist and Thai boxer who trains with Team Kaobon and RFT. He is trained by Colin Heron and Marcelo Brigadeiro...

Phil Collins
Phil Collins
Philip David Charles "Phil" Collins, LVO is an English singer-songwriter, drummer, pianist and actor best known as a drummer and vocalist for British progressive rock group Genesis and as a solo artist....

"In The Air Tonight" Face Value
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