The structure and biology of Arctic flowering plants
Encyclopedia
The Structure and Biology of Arctic Flowering Plants is a classical scientific work on morphology
and anatomy
in relation to the harsh arctic
environment. It was initiated by Eugenius Warming
and conducted by himself and a suite of students and colleagues at the University of Copenhagen
.
Warming, E.
ed. (1908-1921) The structure and biology of Arctic flowering plants.
Morphology (biology)
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
and anatomy
Anatomy
Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy...
in relation to the harsh arctic
Arctic
The Arctic is a region located at the northern-most part of the Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Russia, Greenland, the United States, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. The Arctic region consists of a vast, ice-covered ocean, surrounded by treeless permafrost...
environment. It was initiated by Eugenius Warming
Eugenius Warming
Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming , known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology...
and conducted by himself and a suite of students and colleagues at the University of Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen
The University of Copenhagen is the oldest and largest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479, it has more than 37,000 students, the majority of whom are female , and more than 7,000 employees. The university has several campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the...
.
Warming, E.
Eugenius Warming
Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming , known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology...
ed. (1908-1921) The structure and biology of Arctic flowering plants.
- Meddelelser om GrønlandMeddelelser om GrønlandMeddelelser om Grønland was a Danish scientific periodical issued by the Commission for Scientific Investigations in Greenland. Founded by Frederik Johnstrup, it was published from 1879 to 1979...
, 36,- Warming, E.Eugenius WarmingJohannes Eugenius Bülow Warming , known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology...
(1908) 1. Ericinæ (EricaceaeEricaceaeThe Ericaceae, commonly known as the heath or heather family, is a group of mostly calcifuge flowering plants. The family is large, with roughly 4000 species spread across 126 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants...
, PirolaceaePyrolaceaePyrolaceae was a small family of flowering plants under the old Cronquist system of plant classification. It included the four genera Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia, and Pyrola, and sometimes also the eight genera formerly usually placed in the family Monotropaceae.Recent genetic research by the...
). 1. Morphology and biology, p. 1-71. - Petersen, H.E.Henning Eiler PetersenHenning Eiler Petersen was a Danish mycologist, botanist and marine biologist. He made a major contribution to unveiling the mysterious die-back of eel grass in Northern European waters in the early 20th Century as a pathogen outbreak....
(1908) 1. Ericinæ (EricaceaeEricaceaeThe Ericaceae, commonly known as the heath or heather family, is a group of mostly calcifuge flowering plants. The family is large, with roughly 4000 species spread across 126 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants...
, PirolaceaePyrolaceaePyrolaceae was a small family of flowering plants under the old Cronquist system of plant classification. It included the four genera Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia, and Pyrola, and sometimes also the eight genera formerly usually placed in the family Monotropaceae.Recent genetic research by the...
). 2. The biological anatomy of them leaves and stems, p. 73-138. - Petersen, H.E.Henning Eiler PetersenHenning Eiler Petersen was a Danish mycologist, botanist and marine biologist. He made a major contribution to unveiling the mysterious die-back of eel grass in Northern European waters in the early 20th Century as a pathogen outbreak....
(1908) 2. DiapensiaceaeDiapensiaceaeDiapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, comprising 12 species in five genera. Three of the genera, Berneuxia, Galax, and Pyxidanthera, contain only a single species. The Asian species of Shortia were formerly separated as the genus Schizocodon, and some authors still recognize S....
. Diapensia lapponica, p. 139-154. - Mentz, A.August MentzAugust Mentz was a Danish botanist, peat extraction and moor reclamation expert and a pioneer in nature conservation....
(1909) 3. Empetraceae. Empetrum nigrumCrowberryCrowberry is a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit. They are commonly found in the northern hemisphere, from temperate to subarctic climates, and also in the Southern Andes of South America and on the South Atlantic islands of South Georgia, the Falklands and Tristan da...
, p. 155-167. - Warming, E.Eugenius WarmingJohannes Eugenius Bülow Warming , known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology...
(1909) 4. SaxifragaceaeSaxifragaceaeSaxifragaceae is a plant family with about 460 known species in 36 genera. In Europe there are 12 genera.The flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic...
. 1. Morphology and biology, p. 169-236. - Galløe, O. (1909) 4. SaxifragaceaeSaxifragaceaeSaxifragaceae is a plant family with about 460 known species in 36 genera. In Europe there are 12 genera.The flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic...
. 2. The biolocical leaf-anatomy of the Arctic species of Saxifraga, p. 237-294. - Seidelin, A. (1909) 5. Hippuridaceae, HalorrhagidaceaeHaloragaceaeHaloragaceae is a dicotyledon flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG III system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales.- Distribution :...
and Callitrichaceae, p. 295-332. - Jessen, K.Knud JessenKnud Jessen was a Danish botanist and quaternary geologist.He was state geologist 1917-1931. In 1931, he succeeded C.H. Ostenfeld as professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen and director of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden, a position he held until his retirement in 1955...
(1909) 6. RanunculaceaeRanunculaceaeRanunculaceae are a family of about 1700 species of flowering plants in about 60 genera, distributed worldwide....
, p. 334-440. - Heide, F. (1909) 7. LentibulariaceaeLentibulariaceaeLentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera, Genlisea, the corkscrew plants, Pinguicula, the butterworts, and Utricularia, the bladderworts....
, 441-481.
- Warming, E.
- Meddelelser om GrønlandMeddelelser om GrønlandMeddelelser om Grønland was a Danish scientific periodical issued by the Commission for Scientific Investigations in Greenland. Founded by Frederik Johnstrup, it was published from 1879 to 1979...
, 37,- Jessen, K.Knud JessenKnud Jessen was a Danish botanist and quaternary geologist.He was state geologist 1917-1931. In 1931, he succeeded C.H. Ostenfeld as professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen and director of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden, a position he held until his retirement in 1955...
(1913) 8. RosaceæRosaceaeRosaceae are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla , Sorbus , Crataegus , Cotoneaster , and Rubus...
, p. 1-126. - Olsen, C.Carsten OlsenCarsten Erik Olsen was a Danish plant ecologist and plant physiologist, who pioneered the study of plant nutrition in soils of different pH. He was born in Copenhagen and began studies of botany at the University of Copenhagen in 1910, at first with professor Eugenius Warming, then with professor...
(1914) 9. CornaceaeCornaceaeCornaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. It contains approximately 110 species, mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen. Members of this family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four- or five-parted flowers clustered in...
, p. 127-150. - Hagerup, O.Olaf HagerupOlaf Hagerup was a Danish botanist. He studied botany at the University of Copenhagen from 1911 under the professors Eugenius Warming, Christen C. Raunkiær, L. Kolderup Rosenvinge og W. Johannsen. He took his Ph.D. from the same university in 1930...
(1915) 10. CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceaeThe Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade consisting of about 800 dicotyledonous flowering plants, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa.They are mostly...
. Linnaea borealis L., p. 151-164. - Mathiesen, F.J. (1916) 11. PrimulaceaePrimulaceaePrimulaceae is a family of flowering plants with about 24 genera, including some favorite garden plants and wildflowers. It is also known as the primrose family.- Genera :...
, p. 165-220. - Warming, E.Eugenius WarmingJohannes Eugenius Bülow Warming , known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology...
(1920) 13. CaryophyllaceæCaryophyllaceaeThe Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae and Polygonaceae...
, p. 229-342. - Porsild, M.P.Morten Pedersen Porsildright|thumb|200px|M. P. Porsild on his 80th birthday, September 1, 1952. Photo: Albert Schou jr.Morten Pedersen Porsild was a Danish botanist who lived and worked most of his adult life in Greenland. He participated in expeditions to Greenland in 1898 and 1902, together with the physiologist...
(1920) 14. LilialesTofieldiaceaeTofieldiaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales. The family is divided into five genera, which together comprise 20 or 21 species. They are small, herbaceous plants, mostly of arctic and subarctic regions, but a few extend further south, and...
, p. 343-358. - Mathiesen, F.J. (1921) 15. ScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceae, the figwort family, are a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with flowers with bilateral or rarely radial symmetry. Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including...
, 359-507.
- Jessen, K.