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The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade
Clade

A clade is a term used in modern alpha taxonomy, the scientific classification of living and fossil organisms, to describe a monophyletic group, defined as a group consisting of a single common ancestor and all its descendants.The term "monophyletic group" is used in this article in the conventional sense of "an a...
 consisting of about 800 dicotyledon
Dicotyledon

Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 199,350 species within this group....
ous flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution
Cosmopolitan distribution

In biogeography, a biological category of living things is said to have cosmopolitan distribution if this category can be found almost anywhere around the world....
; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
 and eastern Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
.

They are mostly shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s and vine
Vine

A vine is any plant of genus Grape or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. The word, derived from Latin vinea, referred to the grape-bearing variety....
s, rarely herbs, including some ornamental garden plants in temperate regions. The leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 are mostly opposite with no stipules (appendages at the base of a leafstalk or petiole
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
), and may be either evergreen
Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaf all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
 or deciduous
Deciduous

Deciduous means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe....
.






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The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade
Clade

A clade is a term used in modern alpha taxonomy, the scientific classification of living and fossil organisms, to describe a monophyletic group, defined as a group consisting of a single common ancestor and all its descendants.The term "monophyletic group" is used in this article in the conventional sense of "an a...
 consisting of about 800 dicotyledon
Dicotyledon

Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 199,350 species within this group....
ous flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution
Cosmopolitan distribution

In biogeography, a biological category of living things is said to have cosmopolitan distribution if this category can be found almost anywhere around the world....
; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
 and eastern Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
.

They are mostly shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s and vine
Vine

A vine is any plant of genus Grape or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. The word, derived from Latin vinea, referred to the grape-bearing variety....
s, rarely herbs, including some ornamental garden plants in temperate regions. The leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 are mostly opposite with no stipules (appendages at the base of a leafstalk or petiole
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
), and may be either evergreen
Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaf all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
 or deciduous
Deciduous

Deciduous means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe....
. The flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s are tubular funnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small calyx with small bracts. The fruit
Fruit

The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. In botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened Ovary of flowering plants....
 is in most cases a berry
Berry

In everyday English, a berry is a broad term for any small edible fruit. Most berries are juicy, round or semi-oblong, brightly coloured, sweet or sour, and don't have a stone or pit....
 or a drupe
Drupe

In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. These fruits develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovary....
. The genera Diervilla and Weigela have capsular
Capsule (fruit)

In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more carpels, that, at maturity, split apart to release the seeds within....
 fruit.

Taxonomy

(with approximate numbers of species).

Much of the debate over the taxonomy of plants in Dipsacales has been settled. Two of the most familiar members of Dipsacales, the elderberry (Sambucus) and the viburnum
Viburnum

Viburnum is a genus of about 150-175 species of shrubs or small trees that were previously included in the family Caprifoliaceae. Genetics tests by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group showed however that they are correctly classified in the family Adoxaceae....
, formerly in Caprifoliaceae, have been moved into Adoxaceae
Adoxaceae

The Adoxaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species....
, along with some other genera.

The evolutionary taxonomy of Dipsacales:

Diervilleae
  • Diervilla (Bush Honeysuckle): 3 species
  • Weigela
    Weigela

    Weigela is a small genus of about 12 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, growing to 1-5 m tall. All are natives of eastern Asia....
    : 10 species.
Heptacodium
  • Heptacodium
    Heptacodium

    Heptacodium is a genus of plant in family Caprifoliaceae. It contains the following species :* Heptacodium miconioides, Alfred Rehder* Heptacodium jasminoides, HK Airy Shaw...
     (Seven-son Flower): 1 species
Caprifoliaceae
  • Leycesteria
    Leycesteria

    Leycesteria is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, native to temperate Asia in the Himalaya and southwestern China....
    : 6 species
  • Lonicera (Honeysuckle): 180 species
  • Symphoricarpos
    Symphoricarpos

    Symphoricarpos is a small genus of about 15 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae. All but one are natives of North America and Central America; the one remaining is from western China....
     (Snowberry): 17 species
  • Triosteum
    Triosteum

    Triosteum, commonly known as horse gentian or, less commonly, feverwort, is a genus of flowering plant which includes six species....
     (Horsegentian): 6 species
Linnaeaceae
  • Abelia
    Abelia

    Abelia is a genus of about 15-30 species and many Hybrid in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, in the part of that family split off by some authors in the segregate family Linnaeaceae....
    : 30 species
  • Dipelta: 4 species
  • Kolkwitzia (Beautybush): 1 species
  • Linnaea (Twinflower): 1 species
Morinaceae
  • Cryptothladia
  • Morina
    Morina

    Morina is a genus of the Dipsacaceae family.Species* Morina longifolia...
Dipsacaceae
  • Acanthocalyx
    Acanthocalyx

    Acanthocalyx is a genus of about three species in the family Dipsacaceae, sometimes included in Morinaceae, native to China-HimalayasRegion....
  • Pterocephalus
    Pterocephalus

    Pterocephalus is a genus in the Dipsacaceae family of herbs and shrubs....
  • Dipsacus
    Dipsacus

    Dipsacus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Dipsacaceae. The members of this genus are known as teasel or teazel or teazle....
     
  • Scabiosa
    Scabiosa

    Scabiosa is a genus in the teasel Family Dipsacaceae of flowering plants. Many of the species in this genus have common names that include the word scabious; however some plants commonly known as scabious are currently classified in related genera such as Knautia and Succisa; at least some of these were formerly placed in '...
Triplostegia
  • Triplostegia
Valerianaceae
  • Patrina
  • Nardostachys
  • Centranthus
    Centranthus

    Centranthus is a flowering plant genus comprising herbs and subshrubs native to Southern Europe. There are about twelve species in the genus....
  • Plectritis
    Plectritis

    Plectritis is a genus of plants in the Valerianaceae. There are only three to five species. They are known generally as seablushes, and they are native to western North America....
  • Valeriana
    Valeriana

    Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Valerianaceae. It includes a number of species of which the best known is the valerian Valeriana officinalis....
  • Valerianella
    Valerianella

    Valerianella is a genus of plant in family Valerianaceae. It contains the following species :* Valerianella affinis, Isaac Bayley Balfour...
     
  • Fedia


No longer included in Caprifoliaceae:

(regarded by some as belonging to a separate family Alseuosmiaceae
Alseuosmiaceae

Alseuosmiaceae is a plant family of the order Asterales, found in New Caledonia and New Zealand.They are shrubs with simple, alternate leaves, spiral or whorled, with entire or dentate margins....
 (order Asterales
Asterales

The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae and its related families.The order is cosmopolitic, and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees and shrubs is also present....
)
  • Alseuosmia: 8 species
  • Memecylanthus: 1 species
  • Periomphale: 2 species


(regarded by some as belonging to a separate family Carlemanniaceae
Carlemanniaceae

The Carlemanniaceae are a tropical East Asian and Southeast Asian family of subshrub to herbaceous perennial Angiosperm with 2 genus. Older List of systems of plant taxonomy place the two genera, Carlemannia, and Silvianthus within the Caprifoliaceae or the Rubiaceae....
 (order Lamiales
Lamiales

The order Lamiales is a taxon in the Asteridae group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided up into about 10 family ....
)
  • Carlemannia: 3 species
  • Silvianthus: 2 species.


Uses

The plants belonging to this family are mainly hardy ornamental
Ornamental plant

Ornamental plants are typically grown in the flower garden or as house plants. Most commonly they are grown for the display of their flowers. Other common ornamental features include leaves, scent, fruit, Plant stem and bark....
 shrubs or vines, many popular garden shrubs, especially Abelia, Lonicera, and Weigela. A few have become invasive weeds outside of their native ranges (such as Lonicera japonica).

External links

  • in http://delta-intkey.com