Texas State Guard
Encyclopedia
The Texas State Guard is one of three branches of the military forces
Texas Military Forces
The Texas Military Forces is the combined military strength of the U.S. state of Texas. It is composed of three branches, the Texas Army National Guard, the Texas Air National Guard, and the Texas State Guard; all report to the state Adjutant General and are under the command of the Governor of...

 of Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

, reporting to the Adjutant General
Adjutant general
An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer.-Imperial Russia:In Imperial Russia, the General-Adjutant was a Court officer, who was usually an army general. He served as a personal aide to the Tsar and hence was a member of the H. I. M. Retinue...

, and under the command of the Governor. The other branches of the State Military Forces of Texas are the Texas Army National Guard
Texas Army National Guard
The Texas Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army, the United States National Guard and the Texas Military Forces . Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support...

, and the Texas Air National Guard
Texas Air National Guard
The Texas Air National Guard is the air force militia of the U.S. state of Texas and a component of the Texas Military Forces...

.

History

The Texas State Guard has its roots in Stephen F. Austin's colonial militia. On February 18, 1823, Emperor of Mexico
Emperor of Mexico
The Emperor of Mexico was the head of state and ruler of Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century....

 Agustín de Iturbide
Agustín de Iturbide
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu , also known as Augustine I of Mexico, was a Mexican army general who built a successful political and military coalition that was able to march into Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively ending the Mexican War of Independence...

 authorized Stephen F. Austin
Stephen F. Austin
Stephen Fuller Austin was born in Virginia and raised in southeastern Missouri. He was known as the Father of Texas, led the second, but first legal and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States. The capital of Texas, Austin in Travis County,...

, the leader of the first non-Spanish efforts of Texas settlement, "to organize the colonists into a body of the national militia, to preserve tranquility."http://www.ausa.org/PDFdocs/LWPapers/LWP_61.pdf Austin was appointed to the rank of lieutenant colonel and allowed the colonists to elect all subordinate militia officers. Soon after, Austin’s militia was authorized to make war on Indian tribes who were hostile and molested the settlement. In 1827, in a move contrary to modern perceptions of Anglo
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

-Texan colonists in Mexico, Austin's militia mobilized in support of the Mexican government to put down the Fredonian Rebellion, a group of Americans who tried to declare a part of Texas as an independent republic separate from Mexico.

In 1835 all of the local militias in Texas were annexed by Sam Houston
Sam Houston
Samuel Houston, known as Sam Houston , was a 19th-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of...

 to provide a unified military command for the provisional government of the Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas
The Republic of Texas was an independent nation in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the state claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S...

. After becoming an independent republic in 1836, these forces were eventually replaced by the Army of the Republic of Texas. In 1845 with the annexation of Texas by the United States, this structure was supplanted by the United States Army, but local militia companies were maintained for ready response. After secession from the Union in 1861, existing militia companies rallied and new militia regiments were formed which were made available to the various armies of the Confederacy. (For example, many Texas companies were assigned to the Army of Northern Virginia.)

It was officially founded as the "State Guard" in 1871 during Reconstruction to unify the independent militia companies and regiments throughout the state and continued in operation until 1903, when it was replaced by the nationalized Texas Army National Guard
Texas Army National Guard
The Texas Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army, the United States National Guard and the Texas Military Forces . Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support...

. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/TT/qnt2.html It was revived in 1941, after thousands of Texas troops were deployed overseas in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, to provide state military forces and support for wartime civil defense
Civil defense
Civil defense, civil defence or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state from military attack. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation, and recovery...

.

When the National Guard was mobilized for service in the First World War, the federal legislature recognized the need for state troops to replace the National Guard. A law was passed authorizing the formation of home defense forces for the duration of the war. While Texas passed the necessary enabling statutes, it did not form such an organization. As World War II made mobilization of the National Guard again likely, steps were taken to provide for state troops as replacements for the National Guard. The Texas Legislature passed the Defense Act, HB 45, and the Governor signed the bill on 10 February 1941. This time, a force was organized, with the task falling to Brigadier General J. Watt Page, the Adjutant General of Texas. Within a year, the Texas Defense Guard numbered 17,497 officers and enlisted men. This number was in sharp contrast to the 11,633 members of the Texas National Guard mustered into federal service some months before. The Texas Defense Guard was organized into fifty independent battalions, each composed of a varying number of companies and a headquarters.

The federal legislation authorizing them expired on 25 July 1947. This was not taken lightly in some states and most notably in Texas. In that same year, the State Legislature authorized the Texas State Guard Reserve Corps. It was activated in January, 1948. The Reserve Corps carried continued in existence until ten years after the Congress had once again authorized state guards in 1955. Under statutes enacted by the 59th Legislature, the Texas State Guard Reserve Corps was abolished and Texas State Guard was again authorized and organized on 30 August 1965.

First made up of independent battalions, it was later organized along regimental lines, and at one time also included brigade-sized elements. It was at first organized as Infantry and "Internal Security" units. After the early 1970s, it was organized as Military Police with companies assigned to battalions for control and the battalions, in turn, assigned to groups. For several years, there were six Military Police Groups with boundaries generally following those of Texas Department of Public Safety command districts.

In 1979, the 7th Military Police Group was formed to provide for command and control over remaining separate battalions in East Texas. A reorganization in 1980 resulted in formation of the 8th and 9th Military Police Groups in San Antonio and Dallas. The original six groups were headquartered in Fort Worth, Houston, the Rio Grande Valley, Midland, Lubbock, and Austin.

In 1993, Texas State Guard was reorganized into regiments and the old group designations disappeared. Regimental headquarters were established in San Antonio (1st,) Austin (2nd,) Fort Worth (4th,) Houston (8th,) Dallas (19th,) and Lubbock (39th.) In ceremonies held in Killeen in July, 1993, during the Texas State Guard Association convention, the newly organized regiments were presented with their new colors by the incumbent general officers and three retired general officers of the Texas State Guard. For the first time since World War II, the regiments were authorized distinctive unit insignia for wear by assigned personnel. In March, 1995, a seventh regiment, the 9th, was organized in El Paso from elements of the 39th. This added regiment did not survive though and personnel were returned to the 39th in 1999.

Two air wings now serve alongside the Air National Guard, plus provide civil relief to Texans in case of disaster.
Most recently, a Medical Reserve Brigade has been organized with the nickname of Texas Medical Rangers. A Maritime Regiment has been organized for lake, stream, and littoral missions.

Current Structure


The Texas State Guard is a state defense force that assists and augments Texas military and civil authorities in times of state emergencies, and in on-going support of National Guard units and local communities. The Texas State Guard consists of six Civil Affairs Regiments, two Air Wings, a Medical Brigade and a Maritime Regiment.

Texas State Guard personnel actively support the state in the event of catastrophic events, and ongoing military missions. Members receive duty pay when activated by the Governor and placed on paid state active duty, and starting in 2008, for a limited number of mandatory training days. At this time duty pay is an honorarium of $121 per day, regardless of rank. Other service is not compensated, other than the satisfaction of helping Texans in need, and supporting military and community service missions.

The organizational structure follows the federal military component structure, with comparable positions, ranks, protocols, and authorities. Members wear the Texas military uniform according to branch of service (in accordance with branch regulations) in regards to state military forces
State Defense Forces
State defense forces in the United States are military units that operate under the sole authority of a state government; they are partially regulated by the National Guard Bureau but they are not a part of the Army National Guard of the United States...

 when conducting activities while on duty. TXSG personnel are also eligible for the same State issued military awards and decorations
Awards and decorations of the National Guard
Awards and decorations of the National Guard are presented to members of the United States National Guard and sometimes to members of the State Defense Forces in addition to regular United States military decorations...

 as members of the Texas Army & Air National Guard. For example, deployed members of the Texas State Guard received the Governor's Unit Citation for Hurricane Katrina and Rita relief in 2005. The Texas military uniform worn by most of the Texas State Guard is similar to US Army's "ACU" military uniforms, though with different markings; the Maritime Regiment's uniform is similar to the Marine's MARPAT Digital Desert uniform. Air units wear a Texas variation of the U.S. Air Force uniform.

Command Group


Army Regiments


Air Division

Formed in 1996, the Air Division supports the Texas Air National Guard and provides Defense Support to Civil Authorities.
HQ Air Division, Camp Mabry, Austin,TX

HQ 4th Air Wing, Dallas,TX
417th Air Support Group, San Angelo, TX
454th Air Support Group, Dallas, TX
436th Air Support Group, NAS JRB Ft. Worth, TX
HQ 5th Air Wing, Camp Mabry, Austin, TX
401st Air Support Group, Camp Mabry, Austin, TX
447th Air Support Group, Ellington Field, Houston, TX
449th Air Support Group, Lackland AFB, San Antonio,TX

Medical Brigade


Maritime Regiment



Established in 2006, the Maritime Regiment serves the state of Texas by providing maritime, littoral, and riverine operational support for Homeland Defense or in response to man-made or natural disasters, e.g. hurricanes or flooding. Additionally, the Maritime Regiment provides operational support for the Texas Parks & Wildlife
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
The Texas Parks & Wildlife Department is a Texas state agency that oversees and protects wildlife and their habitats. In addition, the agency is responsible for managing the state's parks and historical areas...

 Game Wardens and the United States Coast Guard
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven U.S. uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency...

 (stationed in Texas).

Duties

  • Military Emergency Management Specialists
  • Emergency Shelter Management (Operations & Security)
    American Red Cross
    The American Red Cross , also known as the American National Red Cross, is a volunteer-led, humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education inside the United States. It is the designated U.S...

  • Emergency Medical Services (Doctors, Nurses, Mental Health & Paramedics)
  • Assists Local Civil Authorities
  • Volunteer Coordination
  • Legal Support (Attorneys & Paralegals)
  • Information management
    Information management
    Information management is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences. This sometimes involves those who have a stake in, or a right to that information...

     & Communications
    Telecommunication
    Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...

  • Chaplain Services
    Chaplain
    Traditionally, a chaplain is a minister in a specialized setting such as a priest, pastor, rabbi, or imam or lay representative of a religion attached to a secular institution such as a hospital, prison, military unit, police department, university, or private chapel...

  • Search and rescue
    Search and rescue
    Search and rescue is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger.The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, mostly based upon terrain considerations...

  • Operational Support to Texas Army and Air National Guards
  • Annual Free Medical Care mission along the Texas border with Mexico ("Operation Lone Star")
  • Border Monitoring
  • TXSNETS Operations - Special Needs Evacuation Tracking System
    Special Needs Evacuation Tracking System
    The Texas Special Needs Evacuation Tracking System is a tracking system for emergency evacuees developed by AT&T for the state of Texas....


Recent operations and deployments

  • Operation Lone Star in 2011 Video 1 of 2
  • Operation Lone Star in 2011 Video 2 of 2
  • Operation Lone Star in 2010 Video
  • Hurricane Alex in 2010
  • Operation Lone Star in 2009 Video
  • Hurricane Ike
    Hurricane Ike
    Hurricane Ike was the second-costliest hurricane ever to make landfall in the United States, the costliest hurricane ever to impact Cuba and the second most active hurricane to reach the Canadian mainland in the Great Lakes Region after Hurricane Hazel in 1954...

     in 2008
  • Operation Lone Star in 2008 Video
  • Hurricane Gustav
    Hurricane Gustav
    The name Gustav has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean:* 1984's Tropical Storm Gustav - Spent most of its existence as a tropical depression hovering over Bermuda, no major damage was reported....

     in 2008
  • Tropical Storm Edouard
    Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)
    Tropical Storm Edouard was a tropical storm that organized in the Gulf of Mexico. A shear line stalled in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in early August as troughing aloft dug into the northeast Gulf of Mexico. This energy aloft help to organize a surface low along the shear line early on August...

     in 2008
  • Hurricane Dolly in 2008
  • Hurricane Rita
    Hurricane Rita
    Hurricane Rita was the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico. Rita caused $11.3 billion in damage on the U.S. Gulf Coast in September 2005...

     in 2005
  • Hurricane Katrina
    Hurricane Katrina
    Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was a powerful Atlantic hurricane. It is the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States. Among recorded Atlantic hurricanes, it was the sixth strongest overall...

     in 2005
  • Hurricane Dean
    Hurricane Dean
    The name Dean was used for five tropical cyclones in the Northern Atlantic Ocean:*1983's Tropical Storm Dean, which struck the coast of Virginia, causing minor erosion and flooding...

  • Hurricane Humberto
    Hurricane Humberto
    The name Humberto has been used for three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. The name replaced Hugo, which was retired after the 1989 season.* Hurricane Humberto - reached Category 2 Strength but remained in open sea....

  • Marble Falls Flood
    Marble Falls, Texas
    Marble Falls is a city in Burnet County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,959 at the 2000 census.Marble Falls is about northwest of Austin and north of San Antonio...

  • Eagle Pass Tornado
    Piedras Negras-Eagle Pass Tornadoes
    The 2007 Piedras Negras-Eagle Pass tornadoes were a deadly pair of tornadoes that struck the border cities of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, and Eagle Pass, Texas, along the United States-Mexican border on April 24, 2007...

  • Operation Wrangler
  • Operation Border Star I-VII (Ongoing)
  • Operation Lone Star Started in Summer 1999 (Annual Optional Active Duty in the Rio Grande Valley)

Awards

Texas National Guard Awards Awardable to Texas State Guard members:
  • Texas Legislative Medal of Honor
  • Texas Medal of Valor
    Texas Medal of Valor
    The Texas Medal of Valor is the second highest military decoration that may be awarded to a member of the Texas Military Forces. This includes Air National Guard, Army National Guard, and State Guard...

  • Texas Superior Service Medal
  • Texas Lone Star Distinguished Service Medal
    Lone Star Distinguished Service Medal
    The Lone Star Distinguished Service Medal is an award within the Texas Military Forces, within the United States Armed Forces.-Eligibility:The Lone Star Distinguished Service Medal may only awarded to members of the Texas Military Forces or another officially organized state militia.-Use:Typically,...

  • Texas Outstanding Service Medal
  • Texas Medal of Merit (also awarded with "V" for valor)
  • Texas Adjutant General's Individual Award
  • Texas Humanitarian Service Medal
  • Texas Homeland Defense Service Medal
  • Texas Faithful Service Medal


Texas State Guard (TXSG) Awards:
  • TXSG Meritorious Service Ribbon
  • TXSG Commanding General’s Individual Award Ribbon
  • TXSG Recruiting Ribbon
  • TXSG Officer Professional Development Ribbon
  • TXSG NCO Professional Development Ribbon
  • TXSG Enlisted Personnel Basic Training Ribbon
  • TXSG Physical Fitness Ribbon
  • TXSG 3 Year Service Medal


Texas State Guard Unit Awards:
  • Texas Governor's Unit Citation
  • TXSG Meritorious Unit Award
  • TXSG Organizational Excellence Award

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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