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Tetrazole
 
 
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Tetrazoles are a class of synthetic
Chemical synthesis

In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product , or several products. This happens by physics and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions....
 organic heterocyclic
Heterocyclic compound

Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure....
 compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
, consisting of a 5-member ring of four nitrogen
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
 and one carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 atom (plus hydrogens). The simplest is tetrazole itself, CN4H2. They are unknown in nature. There are several pharmaceutical agents which are tetrazoles, but they are generally undesirable due to safety concerns for process-scale synthesis; tetrazoles are usually explosive.






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Tetrazoles are a class of synthetic
Chemical synthesis

In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product , or several products. This happens by physics and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions....
 organic heterocyclic
Heterocyclic compound

Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure....
 compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
, consisting of a 5-member ring of four nitrogen
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
 and one carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 atom (plus hydrogens). The simplest is tetrazole itself, CN4H2. They are unknown in nature. There are several pharmaceutical agents which are tetrazoles, but they are generally undesirable due to safety concerns for process-scale synthesis; tetrazoles are usually explosive. However, tetrazoles can act as a bioisostere
Bioisostere

In medicinal chemistry, bioisosteres are substituents or groups with similar physical or chemical properties that impart similar biological properties to a chemical compound....
 for the carboxylate group
Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
, increasing their utility. Angiotensin
Angiotensin

Angiotensin causes blood vessels to constrict, and drives blood pressure up. It is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is a major target for drugs that lower blood pressure....
 II receptor blockers, in particular, often contain tetrazoles, such as Losartan
Losartan

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug used mainly to treat high blood pressure . Losartan was the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist to be marketed....
 and Candesartan
Candesartan

Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. The prodrug candesartan cilexetil is marketed by AstraZeneca and Takeda Pharmaceuticals, commonly under the trade names Blopress, Atacand, Amias, and Ratacand....
. A well-known tetrazole is MTT, which is a dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium salt. This tetrazole is used in the MTT assay
MTT assay

The MTT assay and the MTS assay are Laboratory Tests and standard Colorimetry assays for measuring the activity of enzymes that reduce MTT or MTS + PMS to formazan, giving a purple color....
 to quantify the respiratory activity of live cells in cell culture
Cell culture

Cell culture is the process by which prokaryote or eukaryote cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells....
, although it generally kills the cells in the process.

Other tetrazoles are used for their explosive or combustive properties, such as tetrazole itself and 5-aminotetrazole, which are sometimes used as a component of gas generator
Gas generator

A gas generator usually refers to a propellant mixture, often similar to a solid rocket propellant, that burns to produce large volumes of gas. It is similar to a rocket propellant, but is usually designed to produce large volumes of cool gas, instead of maximizing the energy available....
s in automobile
Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
 airbags. They produce high-temperature, non-toxic reaction products, and have a high burn rate and (relative) stability, all of which are desirable properties.

Tetrazole was first prepared by the reaction of anhydrous hydrazoic acid
Hydrazoic acid

Hydrazoic acid, hydrogennitrogen, is a colorless, volatile, and extremely explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure. It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius....
 and hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and highly volatility liquid that boiling slightly above room temperature at 26 Celsius ....
 under pressure.

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