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Hydrazoic acid, H
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
N3
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
, is a colorless, volatile, and extremely explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure. It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius
Theodor Curtius

Geheimrat Professor Dr. Julius Wilhelm Theodor Curtius was professor of Chemistry at Heidelberg University and elsewhere. He published the Curtius rearrangement in 1890/1894 and also discovered diazoacetic acid, hydrazine and hydrazoic acid....
. It is used primarily for preservation of stock solution
Stock solution

In chemistry, a stock solution is a large volume of a common reagent, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, at a standardized concentration....
s, and as a reagent.

s soluble in water, and the solution dissolves many metals (e.g. zinc
Zinc

Zinc is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a first-row transition metal of the group 12 element of the periodic table....
, iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
) with liberation of hydrogen and formation of salts (azides, formerly also called azoimides or hydrazoates).

All the salts are explosive and readily interact with the alkyl iodides.






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Encyclopedia


Hydrazoic acid, H
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
N3
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
, is a colorless, volatile, and extremely explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure. It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius
Theodor Curtius

Geheimrat Professor Dr. Julius Wilhelm Theodor Curtius was professor of Chemistry at Heidelberg University and elsewhere. He published the Curtius rearrangement in 1890/1894 and also discovered diazoacetic acid, hydrazine and hydrazoic acid....
. It is used primarily for preservation of stock solution
Stock solution

In chemistry, a stock solution is a large volume of a common reagent, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, at a standardized concentration....
s, and as a reagent.

Chemistry

It is soluble in water, and the solution dissolves many metals (e.g. zinc
Zinc

Zinc is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a first-row transition metal of the group 12 element of the periodic table....
, iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
) with liberation of hydrogen and formation of salts (azides, formerly also called azoimides or hydrazoates).

All the salts are explosive and readily interact with the alkyl iodides. In its properties hydrazoic acid shows some analogy to the halogen acids, since it forms poorly soluble (in water) lead, silver and mercury(I) salts. The metallic salts all crystallize in the anhydrous form and decompose on heating, leaving a residue of the pure metal. It is a weak acid (pKa = 4.6-4.7).

Production

The acid is usually formed by acidification of an azide salt like sodium azide
Sodium azide

Sodium azide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula NaN3. This colourless azide salt is a common reagent in organic synthesis, and it is a component in many car airbag systems....
. Normally solutions of sodium azide in water contain trace quantities of hydrazoic acid in equilibrium with the azide salt, but introduction of a stronger acid can convert the primary species in solution to hydrazoic acid. The pure acid may be subsequently obtained by fractional distillation as an extremely explosive colorless liquid with an unpleasant smell.

Toxicity

Hydrazoic acid is volatile and highly toxic. It has a pungent smell and its vapor can cause violent headaches. The compound acts as a non-cumulative poison.

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