Television in Russia
Encyclopedia
Television
in Russia
was introduced in 1931
, when Russia
was still known as the Russian SFSR
.
and 1945
all television broadcasts in the nation were interrupted because of Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union
. During these early years, most television programs were about life in the Soviet Union, cultural activities and sports.
In 1960 a second national television channel was established. This initial expansion of activity encompassed mostly the city of Moscow
, but to a lesser extent also Leningrad
, the Urals, Siberia
and the Ukrainian SSR
. Each republic, area or region had its own television station.
In the 1970s and 1980s, television become the preeminent mass medium. In 1988
approximately 75 million households owned television sets, and an estimated 93 percent of the population watched television. Moscow
, the base from which most of the television stations broadcast, transmitted some 90 percent of the country's programs, with the help of more than 350 stations and nearly 1,400 relay facilities.
Today there are about 15,000 transmitter
s in the country. Development of domestic digital TV transmitters, led within "Multichannel" research program, had already been finished. New domestic digital transmitters have been developed and installed in Nizhniy Novgorod and Saint Petersburg in 2001-2002.
and Far East. Each station had a 12-meter receiving parabolic antenna
and transmitters for re-broadcasting TV signal to local householders.
However, a large part of Soviet central regions were still not covered by transponders of Molniya satellites.
By 1976 Soviet engineers developed a relatively simple and inexpensive system of satellite television (especially for Central and Northern Siberia). It included geostationary satellites called Ekran equipped with powerful 300 W UHF transponders, a broadcasting uplink station and various simple receiving stations located in various towns and villages of Siberian region. The typical receiving station, also called Ekran, represented itself as a home-use analog
satellite
receiver
equipped with simple Yagi-Uda antenna. Later, Ekran satellites were replaced by more advanced Ekran-M series satellites.
In 1979 Soviet engineers developed Moskva (or Moscow) system of broadcasting and delivering of TV signal via satellites. New type of geostationary communication satellites, called Gorizont
, were launched. They were equipped by powerful onboard transponders, so the size of receiving parabolic antennas of downlink stations was reduced to 4 and 2.5 meters (in comparison of early 12- meter dishes of standard orbital downlink stations).
By 1989 an improved version of Moskva system of satellite television has been called Moskva Global'naya (or Moscow Global). The system included a few geostationary Gorizont and Express type of communication satellites. TV signal from Moscow Global’s satellites could be received in any country of planet except Canada and North-West of the USA.
Modern Russian satellite broadcasting services based on powerful geostationary buses such as Gals (satellite)
, Express, Yamal
and Eutelsat
which provide a large quantity of free-to-air television channels to millions of householders. Pay-TV is growing in popularity amongst Russian TV viewers. The NTV Russia
news company, owned by Gazprom
, broadcasts the NTV Plus
package to 560,000 households, reaching over 1.5 million viewers.
Six out of these seven satellites are new vehicles: four belong to the “Express-AM” family (set into orbit in 2003-2005), and two to the family “Express-A” (set to the orbit in 2000-2002). SESC has also the centre for TV/Radio signal compression, and the formation of transport flows as per the MPEG-2/DVB standard, which ensures the formation of packages from federal TV/ radio channels.
Two major bodies have been the major recipients of budget funds within the
Federal Targeted Programme of Digital Broadcast Development:
The main obstacle for the introduction of digital TV is the need to replace the terrestrial transmitters and TV signal re-translators for the digital equipment.
channels that broadcast in Russia
. Full list of channels
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
was introduced in 1931
Timeline of the introduction of television in countries
This is a list of when the first publicly announced television broadcasts occurred in the mentioned countries. Non-public field tests and closed circuit demonstrations are not included....
, when Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
was still known as the Russian SFSR
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
.
History
Between 19411941 in television
The year 1941 in television involved some significant events.Below is a list of television-related events in 1941.-Events:*April 30 - In the United States the FCC approves the NTSC standards of 525 lines and 30 frames per second, and authorizes commercial TV to begin on July 1.*May 2 - In...
and 1945
1945 in television
The year 1945 in television involved some significant events.Below is a list of television-related events in 1945.-Events:*The final months of World War II continued to disrupt television operations in Europe until July.*October 1 – The U.S...
all television broadcasts in the nation were interrupted because of Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that began on 22 June 1941. Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a front., the largest invasion in the history of warfare...
. During these early years, most television programs were about life in the Soviet Union, cultural activities and sports.
In 1960 a second national television channel was established. This initial expansion of activity encompassed mostly the city of Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, but to a lesser extent also Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
, the Urals, Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
. Each republic, area or region had its own television station.
In the 1970s and 1980s, television become the preeminent mass medium. In 1988
1988 in television
The year 1988 in television involved some significant events.Below is a list of television-related events in 1988.For the American TV schedule, see: 1988-89 United States network television schedule.-Events:-Debuts:...
approximately 75 million households owned television sets, and an estimated 93 percent of the population watched television. Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, the base from which most of the television stations broadcast, transmitted some 90 percent of the country's programs, with the help of more than 350 stations and nearly 1,400 relay facilities.
Today there are about 15,000 transmitter
Transmitter
In electronics and telecommunications a transmitter or radio transmitter is an electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating...
s in the country. Development of domestic digital TV transmitters, led within "Multichannel" research program, had already been finished. New domestic digital transmitters have been developed and installed in Nizhniy Novgorod and Saint Petersburg in 2001-2002.
Satellite television
The first Soviet communication satellite, called Molniya, was launched in 1965. By November, 1967 the national system of satellite television, called Orbita was deployed. The system consisted of 3 highly elliptical Molniya satellites, Moscow-based ground uplink facilities and about 20 downlink stations, located in cities and towns of remote regions of SiberiaSiberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and Far East. Each station had a 12-meter receiving parabolic antenna
Parabolic antenna
A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish...
and transmitters for re-broadcasting TV signal to local householders.
However, a large part of Soviet central regions were still not covered by transponders of Molniya satellites.
By 1976 Soviet engineers developed a relatively simple and inexpensive system of satellite television (especially for Central and Northern Siberia). It included geostationary satellites called Ekran equipped with powerful 300 W UHF transponders, a broadcasting uplink station and various simple receiving stations located in various towns and villages of Siberian region. The typical receiving station, also called Ekran, represented itself as a home-use analog
Analog transmission
Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable...
satellite
Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavour. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon....
receiver
Receiver (radio)
A radio receiver converts signals from a radio antenna to a usable form. It uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio frequency signal from all other signals, the electronic amplifier increases the level suitable for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through...
equipped with simple Yagi-Uda antenna. Later, Ekran satellites were replaced by more advanced Ekran-M series satellites.
In 1979 Soviet engineers developed Moskva (or Moscow) system of broadcasting and delivering of TV signal via satellites. New type of geostationary communication satellites, called Gorizont
Gorizont
Gorizont, , GRAU index 11F662, is a series of 35 Russian, previously Soviet, geosynchronous communication satellites launched between 1978 and 2000. The programme was started in order to develop a satellite system to relay coverage of the 1980 Olympic Games from Moscow. The first four satellites...
, were launched. They were equipped by powerful onboard transponders, so the size of receiving parabolic antennas of downlink stations was reduced to 4 and 2.5 meters (in comparison of early 12- meter dishes of standard orbital downlink stations).
By 1989 an improved version of Moskva system of satellite television has been called Moskva Global'naya (or Moscow Global). The system included a few geostationary Gorizont and Express type of communication satellites. TV signal from Moscow Global’s satellites could be received in any country of planet except Canada and North-West of the USA.
Modern Russian satellite broadcasting services based on powerful geostationary buses such as Gals (satellite)
Gals (satellite)
Gals is one Russian series of communication satellites. The first launch was on 20 January 1994, for Chinese TV broadcast.-External links:*...
, Express, Yamal
Yamal (satellite)
Yamal is a communication satellite developed by Gazprom Space Systems for Russian Direct-To-Home television. The first satellite of the Yamal series was launched by September 6, 1999.-External links:**...
and Eutelsat
Eutelsat
Eutelsat S.A. is a French-based satellite provider. Providing coverage over the entire European continent, as well as the Middle East, Africa, India and significant parts of Asia and the Americas, it is one of the world's three leading satellite operators in terms of revenues.Eutelsat’s satellites...
which provide a large quantity of free-to-air television channels to millions of householders. Pay-TV is growing in popularity amongst Russian TV viewers. The NTV Russia
NTV Russia
NTV is a Russian television channel. As a subsidiary of Vladimir Gusinsky's company Media-Most, it was a pioneer in the post-Soviet independent television media, but was later taken over by state-owned Gazprom.- History :...
news company, owned by Gazprom
Gazprom
Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom is the largest extractor of natural gas in the world and the largest Russian company. Its headquarters are in Cheryomushki District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow...
, broadcasts the NTV Plus
NTV Plus
NTV Plus is the brand name for the Russian digital satellite television service from NTV, transmitted from Eutelsat's W4 satellite at 36.0°E & from Bonum 1 at 56.0°E...
package to 560,000 households, reaching over 1.5 million viewers.
Six out of these seven satellites are new vehicles: four belong to the “Express-AM” family (set into orbit in 2003-2005), and two to the family “Express-A” (set to the orbit in 2000-2002). SESC has also the centre for TV/Radio signal compression, and the formation of transport flows as per the MPEG-2/DVB standard, which ensures the formation of packages from federal TV/ radio channels.
Digital broadcasting
Different alternatives were considered in the process of preparing proposals on shifting the country to digital broadcasting (thematic discussions began in the early 2000s), but the Ministry of IT and Communication decided to focus solely on terrestrial broadcasting as the object of digital TV implementation.Two major bodies have been the major recipients of budget funds within the
Federal Targeted Programme of Digital Broadcast Development:
- Ministry of IT and Communication
- the Federal State Unitary EnterpriseUnitary enterpriseA unitary enterprise is a government-owned corporation in Russia and some other post-Soviet states. Unitary enterprises are business entities that have no ownership rights to the assets they use in their operations....
Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting NetworkRussian Television and Radio Broadcasting NetworkRussian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network is unitary enterprise was created on August 13, 2001 by Decree of former president Vladimir Putin. RTRS owns 14,478 television transmitters and 3,697 radio transmitters ....
.
The main obstacle for the introduction of digital TV is the need to replace the terrestrial transmitters and TV signal re-translators for the digital equipment.
Beginning
In December 2005, a project was launched to create a digital television network in the Republic of Mordovia, where the DVB-T standard will be utilised. The project objective was to ensure, for the population, the possibility of receiving a large (up to 10) number of TV channels and several radio stations in the stereo broadcasting mode and in the digital DVB-T standard. The project was implemented by OJSC “Volga Telecom” (a subsidiary of OJSC “Sviazinvest”) with support from the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communication of Russia, the Ministry of Culture, the National Association of TV Broadcasters and administration of the Republic of Mordovia.List of channels
This is a list of televisionTelevision
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
channels that broadcast in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Full list of channels
State-owned
| Name | Owner | Established | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russia 1 | All-Russia State Television and Radio Company All-Russia State Television and Radio Company The All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company is a Russian state-owned unitary enterprise which operates several television and radio channels. It was founded in 1990.-Operations:... |
1991 | http://rutv.ru/ |
| Russia 2 | All-Russia State Television and Radio Company | 2010 | http://rutv.ru/russia2 |
| Russia 24 (ex Vesti 24) | All-Russia State Television and Radio Company | 2006 | http://www.vesti.ru/ |
| Russia K (ex Kultura) | All-Russia State Television and Radio Company | 1997 | http://tvkultura.ru/ |
| Karusel Karusel Karusel is a Russian television channel dedicated to children and youth. It is owned by Russian state broadcaster VGTRK and Channel One Russia Worldwide. It is currently available in Russia and in the United States via DirecTV.... |
Channel One Russia and All-Russia State Television and Radio Company | 2010 | http://karusel-tv.ru/ |
| TV Center TV Center TV Center is a state-run Russia TV station with the fourth largest coverage area in Russia, after Channel One, Rossiya and NTV. It is owned by the administration of the city of Moscow and is dedicated to programming that highlights various aspects of Moscow life.The channel is broadcast in the... |
Government of Moscow Moscow Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent... (~99%) |
1997 | http://www.tvc.ru/ |
| NTV | Gazprom Media Gazprom Media Gazprom-Media is the largest Russian media holding founded in 2000 as a subsidiary of Gazprom. In 2000 it acquired NTV, the only nationwide state-independent television in Russia of the time, as well as other media assets of Vladimir Gusinsky's Media Most group, which raised a major controversy... |
1993 | http://www.ntv.ru/ |
| NTV Plus NTV Plus NTV Plus is the brand name for the Russian digital satellite television service from NTV, transmitted from Eutelsat's W4 satellite at 36.0°E & from Bonum 1 at 56.0°E... |
Gazprom Media | 1996 | http://www.ntvplus.ru/ |
| TNT | Gazprom Media | 1998 | http://tnt-online.ru/ |
| Telekanal Zvezda Zvezda (TV channel) Zvezda is a Russian nationwide TV network run by the Russian Ministry of Defense. As of January 2008, Zvezda's CEO was Grigory Krichevsky, previously known for his work on Vladimir Gusinsky's NTV Channel in the late 1990s.... |
Ministry of Defence | 2005 | http://tvzvezda.ru/ |
| Russia Today Russia Today Russia Today may refer to:* Russia Today, an English language 24-hour television news channel from Russia. It was launched in 2005 and is not related to an online news service of the similar name operated by EIN News... (in English) |
RIA Novosti | 2005 | http://www.rt.com/ |
| Russia Today Rusiya Al-Yaum Rusiya Al-Yaum a Russian TV news channel broadcasting in Arabic and headquartered in Moscow, Russia... (in Arabic) |
RIA Novosti | 2007 | http://rtarabic.com/ |
| TV Roskosmos | Roskosmos Russian Federal Space Agency The Russian Federal Space Agency , commonly called Roscosmos and abbreviated as FKA and RKA , is the government agency responsible for the Russian space science program and general aerospace research. It was previously the Russian Aviation and Space Agency .Headquarters of Roscosmos are located... |
2005 | http://www.tvroscosmos.ru/ |
| MIR | 10 states from CIS CIS CIS usually refers to the Commonwealth of Independent States, a modern political entity consisting of eleven former Soviet Union republics.The acronym CIS may also refer to:-Organizations:... |
1992 | http://mir24.tv/ |
Private
| Name | Owner | Established | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Petersburg - Channel 5 Petersburg - Channel 5 Petersburg - Channel 5 is a television channel based in St. Petersburg, Russia, also known simply as Channel 5. Director General: Alexey Brodskiy, Producer General: Ljubov Sovershaeva... |
NMG (National Media Group) (72%) | 1938 | http://5-tv.ru/ |
| Channel One Russia Channel One (Russia) Channel One is the first television channel to broadcast in the Soviet Union. The channel was renamed Ostankino Channel 1 in 1991, after the Soviet Union broke up and the Russian SFSR became the Russian Federation. According to a recent government publication, the Russian government controls 51%... |
NMG (National Media Group) (25%) | 1995 | http://1tv.ru/ |
| REN TV | NMG (National Media Group) | 1997 | http://ren-tv.com/ |
| CTC TV | CTC Media CTC Media CTC Media, Incorporated is a leading media company in Russia. It owns and operates two national free–to–air TV networks in Russia . It also operates two channels in the CIS - Channel 31 in Kazakhstan and a TV company in Uzbekistan... and NMG (National Media Group) (25,2%) |
1996 | http://ctc-tv.ru/ |
| Domashniy | CTC Media and NMG (National Media Group) (25,2%) | 2005 | http://domashniy.ru/ |
| Peretz | CTC Media and NMG (National Media Group (25,2%) | 2011 | http://peretz.ru/ |
| Muz-TV Muz-TV Muz-TV is a Russian music TV channel, broadcasting since 1996. It is largely modelled after western MTV and predates launching of MTV Russia in 1998. Muz TV was founded by Sergey Lisovskiy... |
UTV Russia Holding | 1996 | http://muz-tv.ru/ |
| Seven Russia | UTV Russia Holding | 2001 | http://semyorka.tv/ |
| MTV Russia MTV Russia MTV Russia is a Russian language free-to-air 24 hour entertainment and music service seen in 22 million households in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Omsk, Voronezh, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk and Yekaterinburg, among other cities.-History:... |
Prof-Media | 1998 | http://mtv.ru/ |
| 2×2 (TV channel) | Prof-Media | 1989 | http://2x2tv.ru/ |
| TV3 Russia TV3 Russia TV-3 is a Russian television channel focused on entertainment. It is part of Vladimir Potanin's Prof-Media company.- Programs :* MythBusters* Brainiac: Science Abuse* MonsterQuest* Urban Legends* Mysterious Signs... |
Prof-Media | 1994 | http://tv3russia.ru/ |
| RBC TV RBC TV RBC TV is the first 24-hour business news television channel in Russia. It is owned and operated by the RBC Information Systems... |
RBC-TV Moskva | 2003 | http://tv.rbc.ru/ |
| Discovery Channel Russia Discovery Channel Russia Discovery Channel Russia is a television channel which broadcasts to Russia and the CIS countries.According viewing research, Discovery had the second largest reach of all non-terrestrial television channel in the beginning of 2009... |
Discovery Networks EMEA | 2006 | http://www.discoverychannel.ru/ |
| Animal Planet Russia | Discovery Networks EMEA | 2006 | |
| TLC Russia | Discovery Networks EMEA | 2011 | |
| BRIDGE TV (music channel) | Bridge Media Group | 2005 | http://bridgetv.ru/en/ |
| Russian Travel Guide Russian Travel Guide Russian Travel Guide is international documentary and travel television channel that airs programs covering nature, science, culture, and history of the Russian Federation.... |
Bridge Media Group | 2009 | http://www.rtgtv.com/ |
| RUSONG TV | Bridge Media Group | 2010 | http://rusongtv.ru/en/ |
| Disney Channel Russia | Walt Disney Company | 2010 | http://www.disney.ru/kanal/ |
| Eurosport Russia | TF1 Group TF1 Group TF1 Group is a French media holding company , the owner of channel TF1, the largest European private TV channel, and Eurosport, the largest European sports network.The group was formed after TF1 was privatised in 1987... |
1996 | http://www.eurosport.ru/ |
| Telekanal 100 | 2003 | http://www.tv100.ru/ | |
| TV1000 TV1000 TV1000 is a group of cable and satellite movie channels broadcasting to the Nordic countries and owned by Modern Times Group . It is also the name of the flagship channel.-History:... |
Modern Times Group Modern Times Group Modern Times Group is a Swedish media company. MTG was formed out of the media holdings of investment company Kinnevik, which in 1997 was distributed to the company stockholders. Among the assets were Viasat and Metro International... |
2003 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| TV1000 Russkoe Kino TV1000 Russkoe Kino TV1000 Russkoe Kino is a television channel broadcasting Russian language movies owned by Modern Times Group.... |
Modern Times Group | 2005 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| TV1000 Action East TV1000 Action East TV1000 Action East is a television channel broadcasting action movies to Russia, Ukraine, CIS countries and the Baltic states. It broadcasts action movies from the United States and Europe... |
Modern Times Group | 2008 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| Viasat History Viasat History Viasat History is a pan Nordic television channel showing documentaries about history, culture and society which is very similar to the History Channel.... |
Modern Times Group | 2004 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| Viasat Explorer Viasat Explorer Viasat Explorer is a television channel owned by Modern Times Group showing documentaries about wild animals, extreme sports, adventure, travel and technology. It was launched in January 2002 in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. On November 1, 2003 it expanded into Ukraine, Russia, Kazahstan,... |
Modern Times Group | 2003 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| Viasat Sport East Viasat Sport East Viasat Sport East is a television channel available in Russia, the CIS countries and the Baltic states. The channel heavily features American sports such as the National Hockey League and Major League Baseball.... |
Modern Times Group | 2006 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| Viasat Nature | Modern Times Group | 2010 | http://ru.viasatworld.com/ |
| Universal Channel Russia | NBC Universal NBC Universal NBCUniversal Media, LLC is a media and entertainment company engaged in the production and marketing of entertainment, news, and information products and services to a global customer base... |
2008 | http://www.universalchannel.ru/ |
| SyFy Universal Russia | NBC Universal International | 2008 | http://www.syfyuniversal.ru/ |
| Diva Universal Russia | NBC Universal International | 2010 | http://www.divauniversal.ru/ |
| Ru.TV | RMG (RussianMediaGroup) | 2006 | http://www.ru.tv/ |
| O2TV O2TV O2TV is a Russian independent TV channel, the target audience of which are young people between 16 and 35, who,as the 2006 presentation reads, would constitute an influential portion of the electorate in the Russian legislative and presidential elections.The O2TV audience exceeds 17 million people... |
private investors | 2004 | http://o2tv.biz/en |
| A-One A-One (TV channel) A-One is a Russian rock music channel, broadcasting since 2005. Its main format is alternative rock music.Channel was launched on August 1, 2005, in Russia... |
private investors | 2005 | http://www.a1tv.ru/ |
| RTVi RTVi RTVi is an international Russian-language private television network, with studios based in Moscow, New York and Tel-Aviv, as well as bureaus in Washington DC, Berlin and Kiev, which broadcasts by satellite and cable in Europe, North America, Israel and CIS countries... |
private investors | 2002 | http://www.rtvi.ru/english.html |
| Cartoon Network | Turner Broadcasting System co.ltd | 2009 | http://www.cartoonnetwork.ru |
Discontinued
| Name | Owner | Established | Closed |
|---|---|---|---|
| MTK | Government of Moscow Moscow Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent... |
1991 | 1997 |
| Ostankino Channel One | RSTRC Ostankino | 1991 | 1995 |
| Ostankino Channel Four | RSTRC Ostankino | 1991 | 1994 |
| Rossiyskiye Universitety | RSTRC Ostankino and VGTRK | 1992 | 1994 |
| TV6 TV6 (Russia) TV-6 was a one of the first commercial television stations in Russia. It began broadcasting in 1993, and was closed on 22 January 2002. Its frequency has eventually passed to Sport TV.- History :... |
MIBC (Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation)(Since 1999 - Boris Berezovsky and Lukoil LUKoil Lukoil/LUKoil ; ) is Russia's second largest oil company and its second largest producer of oil. In 2009, the company produced 97.615 million tons of oil; .... -Garant) |
1993 | 2002 |
| M1 | Mediainvest | 1994 | 2005 |
| Channel 24 | Kosmos-TV | 1994 | 1999 |
| AMTV | Marafon-TV and Moskva-Revyu | 1994 | 1996 |
| TeleExpo TeleExpo Teleexpo was one of the first commercial television channels in Russia. It was founded by the government of Moscow and by the commercial house Mosexpo. It began broadcasting on September 1, 1993 on Channel 33 on the UHF band.-History:... |
Moskomimuschestvo and MosExpo | 1995 | 2001 |
| Prometei AST | AST, Gazprom Gazprom Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom is the largest extractor of natural gas in the world and the largest Russian company. Its headquarters are in Cheryomushki District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow... |
1998 | 2002 |
| TVS TVS (Russia) TVS was a private Russian television network which was shut down by the Press Ministry of Russia on June 22, 2003.-Creation:On January 11, 2002, a separate Russian television channel, TV-6 lost a court battle over bankruptcy and was placed into liquidation by a unanimous decision of thirteen... |
Media-Sotsium | 2002 | 2003 |
| Rambler TV | Prof-Media | 2003 | 2007 |
Most-viewed channels
Weekly viewing shares, 8-14 August 2011:| Position | Channel | Group | Share of total viewing (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Channel One Channel One (Russia) Channel One is the first television channel to broadcast in the Soviet Union. The channel was renamed Ostankino Channel 1 in 1991, after the Soviet Union broke up and the Russian SFSR became the Russian Federation. According to a recent government publication, the Russian government controls 51%... |
National Media Group | 16.5 |
| 2 | Rossiya 1 | VGTRK (state-owned) | 16.4 |
| 3 | NTV | Gazprom-Media | 13.8 |
| 4 | TNT | Gazprom-Media | 7.4 |
| 5 | CTC | CTC Media CTC Media CTC Media, Incorporated is a leading media company in Russia. It owns and operates two national free–to–air TV networks in Russia . It also operates two channels in the CIS - Channel 31 in Kazakhstan and a TV company in Uzbekistan... |
6.8 |
| 6 | REN TV | National Media Group | 4.6 |
| 7 | Channel 5 | National Media Group | 2.8 |
| 8 | TV Center TV Center TV Center is a state-run Russia TV station with the fourth largest coverage area in Russia, after Channel One, Rossiya and NTV. It is owned by the administration of the city of Moscow and is dedicated to programming that highlights various aspects of Moscow life.The channel is broadcast in the... |
Government of Moscow (state-owned) | 2.6 |
| 9 | Domashniy | CTC Media/National Media Group | 2.3 |
| 10 | TV3 | Interros Interros Interros is a Russian conglomerate controlled by Russian oligarch Vladimir Potanin with large stakes in mining, metals, energy, finance, retail, real estate and other sectors... |
2.2 |
See also
- Freedom of the press in RussiaFreedom of the press in RussiaThe issue of freedom of the press in Russia involves both the ability of directors of mass media outlets to carry out independent policies and the ability of journalists to access sources of information and to work without outside pressure...
- List of Russian language television channels
- Television in the Soviet UnionTelevision in the Soviet UnionTelevision in the Soviet Union was owned by the state and was under its tight control and Soviet censorship.The governing body in the former Soviet Union was "USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting or USSR Gosteleradio , which was in charge both of Soviet Central...