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Tampa Bay Lightning



 
 
The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey
Ice hockey

Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia, though with the advent of indoor artificial ice r...
 team based in Tampa, Florida
Tampa, Florida

Tampa is a United States city in Hillsborough County, Florida, on the west coast of the state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County....
. Members of the National Hockey League
National Hockey League

The National Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America. It is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the North American Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada....
 (NHL), since 1992, they have one Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
 championship in their history, in 2004. The team is commonly referred to as the Bolts, and the nickname
Nickname

A nickname is a descriptive name given in place of or in addition to the official name of a person, place or thing. Another class of nickname is the familiar or truncated form of the proper name, such as Bob, Bobby, Rob, Robbie, and Bert for Robert, more properly called a short name....
 is used on their current third jersey
Third jersey

A third jersey or alternate jersey is a sports team's alternate design for the previously established other two Jersey , the home and away outfits....
. They play their home games at the St. Pete Times Forum
St. Pete Times Forum

The St. Pete Times Forum is an arena in Tampa, Florida, Florida, that is used for ice hockey games, basketball games, arena football games, and concerts....
 in Tampa.

Franchise history
Early years
In the late 1980s, the NHL announced that it would expand.






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Encyclopedia


The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey
Ice hockey

Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia, though with the advent of indoor artificial ice r...
 team based in Tampa, Florida
Tampa, Florida

Tampa is a United States city in Hillsborough County, Florida, on the west coast of the state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County....
. Members of the National Hockey League
National Hockey League

The National Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America. It is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the North American Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada....
 (NHL), since 1992, they have one Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
 championship in their history, in 2004. The team is commonly referred to as the Bolts, and the nickname
Nickname

A nickname is a descriptive name given in place of or in addition to the official name of a person, place or thing. Another class of nickname is the familiar or truncated form of the proper name, such as Bob, Bobby, Rob, Robbie, and Bert for Robert, more properly called a short name....
 is used on their current third jersey
Third jersey

A third jersey or alternate jersey is a sports team's alternate design for the previously established other two Jersey , the home and away outfits....
. They play their home games at the St. Pete Times Forum
St. Pete Times Forum

The St. Pete Times Forum is an arena in Tampa, Florida, Florida, that is used for ice hockey games, basketball games, arena football games, and concerts....
 in Tampa.

Franchise history


Early years


In the late 1980s, the NHL announced that it would expand. Two rival groups from the Tampa/St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg, Florida

St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The city is known as a vacation destination for North American and European vacationers, as well as a politically important swing state in U.S....
 area decided to bid for a franchise: a St. Petersburg-based group fronted by future Hartford Whalers
Hartford Whalers

The Hartford Whalers were an American professional ice hockey team based in Hartford, Connecticut. Known as the New England Whalers when they were members of the World Hockey Association from 1972?79, the club played in the National Hockey League from 1979?97....
/Carolina Hurricanes
Carolina Hurricanes

The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina, North Carolina. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League , and play home games at the 18,680 capacity RBC Center....
 owners Peter Karmanos and Jim Rutherford
Jim Rutherford

James Earl "Jim" Rutherford is a former goaltender in the National Hockey League who played for the Detroit Red Wings, Toronto Maple Leafs, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Los Angeles Kings in the 1970s and 1980s....
, and a Tampa-based group led by two Hall of Famers
Hockey Hall of Fame

The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey of ice hockey, it is both a museum and a hall of fame....
 – Phil Esposito
Phil Esposito

Philip Anthony "Espo" Esposito, Order of Canada is a retired professional ice hockey centre who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Blackhawks, Boston Bruins and New York Rangers....
 and his brother Tony
Tony Esposito

For the Italy musician, please see Tony Esposito .Anthony James "Tony O" Esposito is a retired professional ice hockey goaltender, who played in the National Hockey League, most notably for the Chicago Blackhawks....
.

On paper, it looked like the Karmanos/Rutherford group was the frontrunner. Not only was the Karmanos/Rutherford group better financed, but one of Esposito's key backers, the Pritzker family
Pritzker family

The Pritzker family is one of America's wealthiest, and has been near the top of Forbes magazine's "America's Richest Families" list since the magazine began in 1982....
, had backed out a few months before the bid. Esposito eventually recruited a consortium of Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
ese businesses headed by Kokusai Green, a Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
ese golf course and resort operator. The prospect of Japanese backing tipped the scales in the Esposito group's favor, and they were awarded an expansion franchise for the 1992-93 season
1992-93 NHL season

The 1992?93 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Each player wore a patch on their jersey throughout the 1992?93 regular season and playoffs to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the Stanley Cup....
, as was a group in Ottawa
Ottawa

Ottawa is the Capital of Canada. The city has population of 812,000, the List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population municipality in the country and second largest in Ontario....
 (which became the Ottawa Senators
Ottawa Senators

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
). One of the limited partners in the new Tampa Bay team was New York Yankees
New York Yankees

The New York Yankees are a professional baseball based in the Borough of the Bronx, in New York City, New York and are a member of the American League East of Major League Baseball's American League....
 owner George Steinbrenner
George Steinbrenner

George Michael Steinbrenner III is an United States billionaire businessman, and owner and the former principal executive of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees....
 (who lives in Tampa during the year).

According to former NHL president Gil Stein
Gil Stein (sports administrator)

Gilbert Stein is a former National Hockey League executive, serving as vice-president and legal counsel for nearly 15 years before becoming president in 1992....
, another factor was that the Karmanos/Rutherford group wanted to pay only $29 million before starting play, while the Esposito group was one of the few willing to pay the $50 million expansion fee without reservations.

After being awarded the franchise, the team's management brought in star power before they had any players. Phil Esposito installed himself as president and general manager
General manager

General Manager or GM for short is a descriptive term for certain corporate officers in a business operation. It is also a formal title held by some business executives, most commonly in the hospitality industry....
, while Tony became chief scout. Terry Crisp
Terry Crisp

Terry Crisp is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey Centre who played 10 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins, St....
, who played for the Philadelphia Flyers
Philadelphia Flyers

The Philadelphia Flyers are an ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 when they won two Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
s in the mid-1970s, and coached the Calgary Flames
Calgary Flames

The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. They are a member of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 to a Cup in 1989
1988-89 NHL season

The 1988?89 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons Season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Calgary Flames won an all Canadian Stanley Cup final against the Montreal Canadiens four games to two....
, was tapped as the first head coach.

Phil Esposito initially attempted to recreate the mystique from the powerhouse Bruins of the 70s; he hired former linemate Wayne Cashman
Wayne Cashman

Wayne Cashman is a retired Canada professional ice hockey player and a former National Hockey League head coach. He is currently an assistant coach of the Boston Bruins....
 as an assistant coach, former Bruin trainer John "Frosty" Forristal as the team's trainer, and the inaugural team photo has him flanked by Cashman and player Ken Hodge, Jr.
Ken Hodge, Jr.

Ken Hodge, Jr. , was a Canadian-born American-raised professional hockey player for the Minnesota North Stars, Boston Bruins, and Tampa Bay Lightning....
, son of his other Bruins' linemate. The team turned heads in the preseason when Manon Rhéaume
Manon Rhéaume

Manon Rh?aume is a Canada goaltender and Olympic Games silver medalist who was the first - and as of 2009, the only - woman to play in an National Hockey League exhibition game....
 became the first woman to play in an NHL game, making her first of two NHL appearances in an exhibition game against the St. Louis Blues
St. Louis Blues (hockey)

The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis, Missouri. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. The Lightning first took the ice on October 7, 1992, playing in Tampa's tiny 11,000-seat Expo Hall
Expo Hall

Expo Hall is an indoor arena located at the Florida State Fairgrounds in Tampa, Florida. It's used primarily as an exhibition hall during the Florida State Fair, but has also hosted concerts and sporting events....
 at the Florida State Fairgrounds. They shocked the visiting Chicago Blackhawks
Chicago Blackhawks

The Chicago Blackhawks are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 7-3 with four goals by little-known Chris Kontos
Chris Kontos

Chris Kontos is a former National Hockey League forward who is best known for his surprising 9 goals in 11 playoff games while he was a member of the Los Angeles Kings and his shocking franchise opening night 4 goal performance against that season's Vezina Trophy winner Ed Belfour....
, a scoring mark unmatched by any Lightning player. The Bolts shot to the top of the Campbell Conference
Western Conference (NHL)

The Western Conference is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League used to divide teams. Its counterpart is the Eastern Conference ....
's Norris Division
Norris Division

The National Hockey League's Norris Division was formed in 1974 as part of the Prince of Wales Conference. The division moved to the Clarence Campbell Conference in 1981....
 within a month, behind Kontos' initial torrid scoring pace and a breakout season by forward Brian Bradley
Brian Bradley

Brian Bradley is a former professional ice hockey player and all-star from Kitchener, Ontario, Ontario. Bradley played for a number of different hockey teams in many different leagues....
. However, they buckled under the strain of some of the longest road trips in the league — their nearest division rival was St. Louis
St. Louis Blues (hockey)

The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis, Missouri. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, over 1,000 miles from Tampa — and finished in last place. Their 53 points in 1992-93, however, was one of the best showings ever by an NHL expansion team. Bradley's 42 goals gave Tampa Bay fans optimism for the next season; it would be a team record until the 2006-07 season when Vincent Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier

Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
 passed it with a career high 52 goals.

The following season saw the Lightning shift to the Eastern Conference
Eastern Conference (NHL)

The Eastern Conference is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League used to divide teams. Its counterpart is the Western Conference ....
's Atlantic Division
Atlantic Division (NHL)

The National Hockey League's Atlantic Division was formed in 1993 as part of the Eastern Conference in a league realignment, the predecessor of which was the Patrick Division....
, as well as move into the Florida Suncoast Dome
Tropicana Field

Tropicana Field is a domed stadium in St. Petersburg, Florida, which has been the home of Major League Baseball's Tampa Bay Rays since 1998 in baseball....
 (a building originally designed for baseball) in St. Petersburg, which was reconfigured for hockey and renamed "the Thunderdome." The team picked up goaltender
Goaltender

This article is about the goaltender in ice hockey. For the similar position in other sports, see goalkeeper. For the basketball foul, see goaltending....
 Daren Puppa
Daren Puppa

Daren James Puppa is a former professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League. During his career he played as a goaltender for the Buffalo Sabres, Tampa Bay Lightning and briefly the Toronto Maple Leafs....
, left-wing
Winger (ice hockey)

Winger in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area. They typically work by flanking the centre forward....
 goal scorer Petr Klima
Petr Klima

Petr Kl?ma was a forward in the National Hockey League. He played for the Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Los Angeles Kings, and the Pittsburgh Penguins....
 and aging sniper Denis Savard
Denis Savard

Denis Joseph Savard is a Canadian, Hall of Fame, former professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League from 1980?81 NHL season to 1996?97 NHL season....
. While Puppa's play resulted in a significant improvement in goals allowed (from 332 to 251), Savard was long past his prime and Klima's scoring was offset by his defensive lapses. The Lightning finished last in the Atlantic Division. Another disappointing season followed in the lockout-shortened 1995 season
1994-95 NHL season

The 1994?95 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-six teams each played 48 games, a shortened season, due to a 1994?95 NHL lockout of the players by the owners....
. Still, the Lightning appeared to be far ahead of their expansion brethren, the Ottawa Senators
Ottawa Senators

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. In marked contrast to the Lightning, the Senators showed almost no sign of respectability in their first four seasons.

From great success to utter failure

In their fourth season, 1995-96
1995-96 NHL season

The 1995?96 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-six teams each played 82 games. The List of Stanley Cup champions were the Colorado Avalanche, who, in their first year as the Avalanche, swept the Florida Panthers in four games....
, with Bradley still leading the team in scoring, second-year forward Alexander Selivanov
Alexander Selivanov

Alexander Selivanov is a professional ice hockey Winger who has played in the National Hockey League and also in various European leagues. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft, 140th overall, by the Philadelphia Flyers as an over-ager....
 scoring 31 goals, and Roman Hamrlik
Roman Hamrlík

Roman "Hammer" Hamrl?k is a professional ice hockey defenceman , currently playing with the Montreal Canadiens....
 (the team's first-ever draft choice in 1992
1992 NHL Entry Draft

The 1992 National Hockey League NHL Entry Draft was held on June 20 at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec. A total of 264 players were drafted....
) having an All-Star year on defense, the Bolts finally qualified for the playoffs, nosing out the defending Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
 champion New Jersey Devils
New Jersey Devils

The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 for the eighth spot in the Eastern Conference by a single game. Although they lost their first-round series in six games to the Philadelphia Flyers
Philadelphia Flyers

The Philadelphia Flyers are an ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, it still remains a magical season for Lightning fans. The Thunderdome crowd of 28,183 for the April 23 playoff game against the Flyers was the largest crowd for any NHL game, a record that stood until the 2003
2003-04 NHL season

The 2003?04 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. The thirty teams played 82 games in a revamped format that increased divisional games from 5 to 6 per team , conference games from 3 to 4 , and decreased inter-conference games to at least one per team, with three extra games ....
 Heritage Classic
Heritage Classic

The Heritage Classic was an outdoor ice hockey game played on November 22, 2003, in Edmonton, Alberta, Alberta, Canada, between the Edmonton Oilers and the Montreal Canadiens....
 in Edmonton
Edmonton

Edmonton is the capital of the Canada Provinces and territories of Canada of Alberta. The city is located on the North Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farmland on the prairies....
.

The Lightning picked up sniper Dino Ciccarelli
Dino Ciccarelli

Dino Ciccarelli is a Canada former professional ice hockey player who played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League, primarily with the Minnesota North Stars....
 from the Detroit Red Wings
Detroit Red Wings

The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan, who are the current Stanley Cup champions.They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 during the 1996 off-season, and he did not disappoint, scoring 35 goals in the 1996-97 season
1996-97 NHL season

The 1996?97 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-six teams each played 82 games. The List of Stanley Cup champions were the Detroit Red Wings, who swept the Philadelphia Flyers in four games and won the Stanley Cup for the first time in 42 years....
, with Chris Gratton
Chris Gratton

Christopher Gratton is a professional ice hockey player with the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League....
 notching another 30. The team unveiled a glittering new arena, the Ice Palace (now the St. Pete Times Forum
St. Pete Times Forum

The St. Pete Times Forum is an arena in Tampa, Florida, Florida, that is used for ice hockey games, basketball games, arena football games, and concerts....
) and appeared destined for another playoff spot. However, the Lightning suffered a devastating rash of injuries early in the season. Puppa developed back trouble that would limit him to a total of 50 games from 1996 until his retirement in 2000
1999-2000 NHL season

The 1999?2000 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-eight teams each played 82 games. The New Jersey Devils defeated the defending champion Dallas Stars for their second Stanley Cup championship....
. Bradley also lost time to a series of injuries that would limit him to a total of 49 games from 1996 until his retirement in December 1999. Center
Centre (ice hockey)

The centre in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary Hockey rink#Zones is the middle of the ice, away from the side boards....
 John Cullen
John Cullen

John Cullen is a former professional ice hockey Centre who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League between 1988?89 NHL season and 1998?99 NHL season....
 developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of hematological malignancy which encompass any lymphoma other than Hodgkin lymphoma.Lymphoma is a type of cancer derived from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell....
, and missed the last 12 games of the 1996-97 season; he would eventually be forced to retire in 1999. Decimated by these ailments, the Lightning narrowly missed the playoffs. It would be seven years before the Lightning would even come close to the playoffs again.

Most of the Lightning's early stars were gone by 1998
1998-99 NHL season

The 1998?99 NHL Season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-seven teams played 82 games each. The Dallas Stars finished first in regular season play, and won the Stanley Cup Championship over the Buffalo Sabres in a controversial fashion on a disputed overtime goal by Brett Hull....
 due to free agency and trades by Phil Esposito which backfired. Crisp was fired eleven games into the 1997-98 season
1997-98 NHL season

The 1997?98 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-six teams each played 82 games. The List of Stanley Cup champions were the Detroit Red Wings, who swept the Washington Capitals in four games....
 and replaced by Jacques Demers
Jacques Demers

Jacques Demers is a Canadian former head coach for the World Hockey Association and the National Hockey League. He is currently an analyst for the Montreal Canadiens games on R?seau des sports....
. Though Demers had presided over the resurgence of the Detroit Red Wings
Detroit Red Wings

The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan, who are the current Stanley Cup champions.They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 in the 1980s and helmed a Stanley Cup run in Montreal
Montreal Canadiens

The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The team is a member of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 in 1993, he was unable to change the team's fortunes, and the Lightning ended up losing 55 games.

By all accounts, the Lightning's plunge to the bottom of the NHL was due to the way Kokusai Green ran the team. Rumors abounded as early as the team's second season that the Lightning were on the brink of bankruptcy
Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay its creditors. Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against a debtor in an effort to recoup a portion of what they are owed or initiate a restructuring....
 and that the team was part of a money laundering
Money laundering

The definition of money laundering is dependent on the jurisdiction in which the act takes place.In US law it is the practice of engaging in financial transactions to conceal the identity, source, or destination of illegally gained money....
 scheme for the yakuza
Yakuza

, also known as , are members of traditional organized crime groups in Japan, and also known as "violence groups".Today, the Yakuza are among the largest crime organizations in the world....
 (Japanese crime families). Its scouting operation consisted of Tony Esposito and several satellite dishes. The Internal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue Service

The Internal Revenue Service is the Federal government of the United States agency that collects taxes and enforces the tax law. It is an agency within the U.S....
 investigated the team in 1994 and 1995, and nearly slapped a lien on the team for $750,000 in back taxes. The situation led longtime NHL broadcaster and writer Stan Fischler
Stan Fischler

Stan Fischler is a hockey and New York City Subway historian, broadcaster, author and professor.For his hockey knowledge, Fischler is known as ?The Hockey Maven? in both local and national circles....
 to call the Lightning a "skating vaudeville show."

Even in their first playoff season, the team was awash in red ink and Kokusai Green wanted to sell it; however, the sale was hampered by the team's murky ownership structure. Even some team officials (including Crisp) did not know who owned the team, and one person listed as a major shareholder reportedly did not even exist. Another problem was that Kokusai Green initially demanded $230 million for the team, including the lease with the Ice Palace.

It later emerged that Kokusai Green's owner, Takashi Okubo, had never met with Esposito or with NHL officials in person prior to being awarded the Lightning. During his seven years as owner, Okubo never watched his team play, and never even visited Tampa. Esposito never met him personally in his hunt for investors, for instance. Nearly all of Kokusai Green's investment in the team and the Ice Palace came in the form of loans, leaving the team constantly short of cash. In fact, the first time anyone connected with the Lightning or the NHL even saw him was in the spring of 1998. Many of Esposito's trades came simply to keep the team above water. The team's financial situation was a considerable concern to NHL officials; rumors surfaced that the league was seriously considering taking control of the team if Okubo failed to find a buyer by the summer of 1998.

Forbes
Forbes

Forbes is an United States publishing and mass media company. Its flagship publication, Forbes magazine, is published bi-weekly. Its primary competitors in the national business magazine category are Fortune , which is also published bi-weekly, and Business Week....
 wrote an article in late 1997 calling the Lightning a financial nightmare, with a debt equal to a staggering 236% of its value — the highest of any major North American sports franchise. Even though the Ice Palace was built for hockey and the Lightning were the only major tenant, Forbes called the team's deal with the arena a lemon since it would not result in much revenue for 30 years. It was also behind on paying state sales taxes and federal payroll taxes.

Finally, in 1998, Kokusai Green found a buyer. Although Detroit Pistons
Detroit Pistons

The Detroit Pistons are a team in the National Basketball Association based in the Detroit metropolitan area. The team's home arena is The Palace of Auburn Hills....
 owner William Davidson
William Davidson

William Morse Davidson, J.D. is an American entrepreneur and professional sports owner and a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame....
 was thought to be the frontrunner, the buyer turned out to be insurance
Insurance

Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to Hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating los...
 tycoon and motivational speaker Art Williams
Arthur L. Williams, Jr.

Arthur L. Williams, Jr. is a billionaire insurance executive living in Palm Beach, Florida. He is the founder of A.L. Williams & Associates, known as Primerica Financial Services since 1991....
. Williams walked into a difficult financial situation; the team was $102 million in debt at the time the sale closed. Like the Japanese, Williams knew very little about hockey. However, he was very visible and outspoken, and immediately pumped an additional $6 million into the team's payroll to turn it around. He also cleared most of the massive debt left over from the Kokusai Green era. After taking control, Williams publicly assured the Espositos that their jobs were safe, only to fire them two games into the 1998-99 season; Demers became general manager as well as coach. Despite the clouds still hovering over the franchise, 1998 saw the Bolts draft Vincent Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier

Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
, a player who would be a cornerstone of the team for years to come.

Williams was widely seen as being in over his head and was an easy target for his NHL colleagues, who called him "Jed Clampett
The Beverly Hillbillies

The Beverly Hillbillies is an United States television series about a hillbilly family transplanted to Beverly Hills, California after finding oil on their land....
" behind his back because of his thick Southern accent and fundamentalist Christian views. Early in the 1998-99 season, the Lightning lost 10 games in a row, all but ending any chance of making the playoffs. They ended up losing 54 games that year — more than the expansion Nashville Predators
Nashville Predators

The Nashville Predators are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville, Tennessee. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. Although some blame Williams for the slide, it can be argued that the damage from the Kokusai Green era was too much for Williams to overcome.

Return to respectability

By the spring of 1999, Williams had seen enough. He had not attended a game in some time because "this team broke my heart." He lost $20 million in the 1998-99 season alone — as much money in one year as he'd estimated he could have reasonably lost in five years.

Williams sold the team for $115 million — $2 million less than he had paid for the team a year earlier — to Davidson, who had almost bought the team a year earlier. Along with the sale, the Lightning picked up a new top minor league affiliate; Davidson also owned the Detroit Vipers
Detroit Vipers

The Detroit Vipers were an International Hockey League team. The team was founded in 1994, and played at The Palace of Auburn Hills....
 of the now-defunct International Hockey League.

Davidson remained in Detroit, but appointed Tom Wilson as team president to handle day-to-day management of the team. Wilson immediately fired Demers, who despite his best efforts (and fatherly attitude toward Lecavalier) was unable to overcome the damage from the Kokusai Green ownership. Wilson persuaded Ottawa Senators
Ottawa Senators

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 general manager Rick Dudley
Rick Dudley

Rick Dudley was born on 31 January, 1949 in Toronto, Ontario. He played professional ice hockey in the World Hockey Association and in the National Hockey League....
 to take over as the Bolts' new general manager; Dudley in turn brought Vipers coach Steve Ludzik
Steve Ludzik

Steve Ludzik is a retired former professional ice hockey player and coach who currently works as a television analyst for The Score . He played all but eleven of his 424 career National Hockey League games for the Chicago Blackhawks, and also briefly played for the Buffalo Sabres....
 in as the team's new head coach. Wilson, Dudley, and Ludzik had helped make the Vipers one of the premier minor league hockey franchises, having won a Turner Cup
Turner Cup

The Turner Cup was the championship trophy of the International Hockey League 's annual playoffs. The Cup is named for Joe Turner , a goaltender from Windsor, Ontario....
 in only their third season in Detroit (the team had originally been based in Salt Lake City
Salt Lake Golden Eagles

The Salt Lake Golden Eagles were a minor league hockey team based in Salt Lake City, Utah, Utah from 1969 to 1994.They played in the Western Hockey League from 1969 to 1974, the Central Hockey League from 1974 to 1984 and the International Hockey League from 1984 to 1994....
).

However, as had been the case with Demers, the damage from the last few seasons under Kokusai Green was too much for Ludzik to overcome. Even with a wholesale transfer of talent from Detroit to Tampa (a move that eventually doomed the Vipers, which folded along with the IHL in 2001), the Lightning lost 54 games in 1999-2000
1999-2000 NHL season

The 1999?2000 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-eight teams each played 82 games. The New Jersey Devils defeated the defending champion Dallas Stars for their second Stanley Cup championship....
 and 52 in 2000-01
2000-01 NHL season

The 2000?01 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Thirty teams each played 82 games. The List of Stanley Cup champions were the Colorado Avalanche, who won the best of seven series 4?3 against the New Jersey Devils....
, becoming the first team in NHL history to post four straight 50-loss seasons. The lone bright spots in those years were the blossoming of Lecavalier and Brad Richards
Brad Richards

Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canada professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League....
 into NHL stars. Ludzik was replaced in early 2001 by career NHL assistant John Tortorella
John Tortorella

John Tortorella is an United States ice hockey coach who became the 34th head coach of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League on February 23, 2009....
.

The 2001-02 season
2001-02 NHL season

The 2001?02 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Thirty teams each played 82 games. The List of Stanley Cup champions were the Detroit Red Wings, who won the best of seven series 4?1 against the Carolina Hurricanes....
, Tortorella's first full year behind the bench, saw some improvement. While finishing far out of playoff contention, the Lightning at least showed some signs of life, earning more than 60 points for the first time since 1997. Tortorella stripped Lecavalier of the captaincy due to contract negotiations that had made the young center miss the start of the season.

Two dream seasons — and the Stanley Cup

With a young core of players led by Lecavalier, Richards, Martin St. Louis
Martin St. Louis

Martin St. Louis is a French Canadian professional ice hockey Winger with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
, and Fredrik Modin
Fredrik Modin

Fredrik "Freddie" Modin is a Sweden ice hockey left winger, and captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. He is known for having one of the hardest slap shots in the NHL....
, the Lightning were thought to be very close to respectability. However, they arrived somewhat earlier than expected in 2002-03
2002-03 NHL season

The 2002?03 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. Thirty teams each played 82 games. The List of Stanley Cup champions were the New Jersey Devils, who won the best of seven series 4?3 against the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim....
. The young team was led by the goaltending of Nikolai Khabibulin
Nikolai Khabibulin

Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin is a professional ice hockey goaltender, currently with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. His abilities have been recognized with four appearances in the NHL All-Star Game and two Olympic medals....
 and the scoring efforts of Lecavalier, St. Louis, Modin, Richards, and Ruslan Fedotenko
Ruslan Fedotenko

Ruslan Fedotenko is a professional ice hockey player for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. He has also played for Ukrainian national ice hockey team in the Ice hockey at the Olympic Games....
, and also boasted a new captain, former prolific scorer Dave Andreychuk
Dave Andreychuk

David John "Dave" Andreychuk is a former professional Ice Hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League with the Buffalo Sabres, Toronto Maple Leafs, New Jersey Devils, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche and Tampa Bay Lightning....
. Throughout the season, the Lightning battled the Washington Capitals
Washington Capitals

The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 for first place in the Southeast Division. They finished with 93 points, breaking the 90-point barrier for the first time in team history. They won the division by just one point, giving them home-ice advantage in their first round match-up with Washington.

The Lightning quickly fell two games behind in the series but followed the two losses with four consecutive wins which advanced them to the Conference Semifinals for the first time in team history. In the semifinals the Lightning won only one game, losing the series to the New Jersey Devils
New Jersey Devils

The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. The Devils went on to win the Stanley Cup, but the Bolts' return to the post-season pleased the long-suffering hockey fans of the Tampa Bay area.

The Lightning roared through the 2003-04 regular season
2003-04 NHL season

The 2003?04 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. The thirty teams played 82 games in a revamped format that increased divisional games from 5 to 6 per team , conference games from 3 to 4 , and decreased inter-conference games to at least one per team, with three extra games ....
, finishing with 106 points, second-best in the league after the Western Conference's Detroit Red Wings
Detroit Red Wings

The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan, who are the current Stanley Cup champions.They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 – the first 100-point season in franchise history. The Lightning went through the season with only 20 man-games lost to injury. In the first round of the playoffs, the Lightning ousted the Alexei Yashin
Alexei Yashin

Alexei Valeryevich Yashin is a professional ice hockey player who plays for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League. Prior to this he played for the New York Islanders and Ottawa Senators clubs of the National Hockey League, from 1993 to 2007....
-led New York Islanders
New York Islanders

The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in Uniondale, New York, New York. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 in five games, with solid play from goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin
Nikolai Khabibulin

Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin is a professional ice hockey goaltender, currently with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. His abilities have been recognized with four appearances in the NHL All-Star Game and two Olympic medals....
, who posted 3 consecutive shutouts in games 2, 3, and 4.

In the second round, the Lightning faced the Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens

The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The team is a member of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, captained by Saku Koivu
Saku Koivu

Saku Antero Koivu is a Finland professional ice hockey player, who currently plays center for the Montreal Canadiens as the Montreal Canadiens#Team Captains....
; Lecavalier, Richards, and Khabibulin led the team to a four-game sweep of Montreal. They next faced Keith Primeau
Keith Primeau

Keith Primeau is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently an assistant coach for the Bishop Eustace Preparatory School hockey team in Pennsauken, New Jersey....
 and his Philadelphia Flyers
Philadelphia Flyers

The Philadelphia Flyers are an ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 in the Conference Finals. After a tightly-fought seven-game series in which neither team was able to win consecutive games, Fredrik Modin
Fredrik Modin

Fredrik "Freddie" Modin is a Sweden ice hockey left winger, and captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. He is known for having one of the hardest slap shots in the NHL....
 notched the winning goal of the seventh and deciding game, earning the Eastern Conference Championship for the Lightning and their first-ever berth in the Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
 Finals.

Tampa Bay's opponent in the final round was the Calgary Flames
Calgary Flames

The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. They are a member of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, captained by Jarome Iginla
Jarome Iginla

Jarome Arthur-Leigh Adekunle Tig Junior Elvis Iginla , is a Canada professional ice hockey player for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League ....
. The final round also went the full seven games, with the deciding game played in the St. Pete Times Forum on June 7, 2004. This time, Ruslan Fedotenko
Ruslan Fedotenko

Ruslan Fedotenko is a professional ice hockey player for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. He has also played for Ukrainian national ice hockey team in the Ice hockey at the Olympic Games....
 was the Game 7 hero, scoring both Lightning goals in a 2-1 victory. Brad Richards
Brad Richards

Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canada professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League....
, who had 26 points, won the Conn Smythe Trophy
Conn Smythe Trophy

The Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the player judged Most Valuable Player during the National Hockey League's Stanley Cup playoffs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 43 times to 37 players since the 1964-65 NHL season....
 as the most valuable player of the Stanley Cup playoffs; the Lightning had won all 31 contests in which he had scored a goal since the opening of the season. Tortorella won the Jack Adams Award
Jack Adams Award

The Jack Adams Award is awarded annually to the National Hockey League coach "adjudged to have contributed the most to his team's success." It has been awarded 34 times to 29 different winners....
 as the NHL's Coach of the Year. Only three years after losing 50 games, the Lightning became the southernmost team ever to win the Stanley Cup, in only their 12th year of existence. Martin St. Louis
Martin St. Louis

Martin St. Louis is a French Canadian professional ice hockey Winger with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
 led the team and the NHL with 94 points (his 38 goals were fourth-most after the 41 of tied trio Iginla, Rick Nash
Rick Nash

Richard Nash is a Canadian professional ice hockey player and Captain of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League....
, and Ilya Kovalchuk
Ilya Kovalchuk

Ilya Valeryevich Kovalchuk is a Russians professional ice hockey Winger , who is currently the Captain for the Atlanta Thrashers of the National Hockey League ....
), and won the Hart Memorial Trophy
Hart Memorial Trophy

The Hart Memorial Trophy, originally known as the Hart Trophy, the "oldest and most prestigious individual award in hockey", is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player in the National Hockey League....
 as the league's most valuable player. St. Louis also won the Lester B. Pearson Award
Lester B. Pearson Award

The Lester B. Pearson Award is awarded annually to the National Hockey League's most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the members of the NHL Players Association....
 for league's most outstanding player as voted by the NHL Players' Association, and tied the Vancouver Canucks
Vancouver Canucks

The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference , of the National Hockey League ....
' Marek Malik
Marek Malik

Marek Mal?k is a professional ice hockey defenceman , currently playing for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League ....
 for the NHL Plus/Minus Award
NHL Plus/Minus Award

The NHL Plus-Minus Award is a trophy awarded annually by the National Hockey League to the ice hockey "player, having played a minimum of 60 games who leads the league in plus/minus." It has been awarded 23 times to 20 different players....
.

The Lightning had to wait a year to defend their title due to the 2004-05 NHL lockout
2004-05 NHL lockout

The 2004?05 NHL lockout resulted in the cancellation of what would have been the 2004?05 NHL season of the National Hockey League . It was the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded since 1919, and the first time a major professional sports league in North America canceled a complete season because of a labour dispute....
, but in 2005-06
2005-06 NHL season

The 2005?06 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons Season of the National Hockey League. This was the season after the non-existent 2004-05 NHL season season which was cancelled due to a 2004-05 NHL lockout with the NHL Players Association over the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement between the league and its players....
 they barely made the playoffs with 93 points in a conference where six teams notched 100 or more points. They lost to the Ottawa Senators
Ottawa Senators

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 in five games in the first round.

2006-07 season: Another short postseason

During the offseason, the Lightning traded Fredrik Modin
Fredrik Modin

Fredrik "Freddie" Modin is a Sweden ice hockey left winger, and captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. He is known for having one of the hardest slap shots in the NHL....
 and Fredrik Norrena
Fredrik Norrena

Fredrik Jan Elis Norrena is a Finland-Swedes professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for Ak Bars Kazan in the KHL....
, to the Columbus Blue Jackets
Columbus Blue Jackets

The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio, Ohio, United States. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 for goaltender Marc Denis
Marc Denis

Marc Denis is a professional ice hockey goaltender, currently signed with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League....
, to replace John Grahame
John Grahame

John Gillies Mark Grahame is a professional ice hockey goaltender, formerly with Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League....
, who had served as the Lightning's goaltender throughout most of the 2005-06 season
2005-06 NHL season

The 2005?06 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons Season of the National Hockey League. This was the season after the non-existent 2004-05 NHL season season which was cancelled due to a 2004-05 NHL lockout with the NHL Players Association over the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement between the league and its players....
, as he left the team, and signed with the Carolina Hurricanes
Carolina Hurricanes

The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina, North Carolina. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League , and play home games at the 18,680 capacity RBC Center....
. Free agent Johan Holmqvist
Johan Holmqvist

Johan Erik Daniel Holmqvist is a Swedish people professional ice hockey goaltender, currently playing for Fr?lunda HC in Elitserien....
 would eventually get the majority of playing time, and most of the club's wins. The first half of the 2006-07 NHL Season
2006-07 NHL season

The 2006?07 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League . Originally, the NHL would have celebrated its 90th anniversary this season; however, 2004-05 NHL lockout of the 2004-05 NHL season pushed the 90th season back until the 2007?08 NHL season....
 was rocky for the Lightning, maintaining an 18-19-2 record throughout the first few months. January and February were far better months for the team, going 9-4-0 in January, and 9-2-2 in February, getting them back into the thick of things in the playoff race. 14 games in March were split even, and on March 16, 2007, Vincent Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier

Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
 broke the franchise record for most points in a season, with 95 (finishing with 108). The record was previously held by Martin St. Louis
Martin St. Louis

Martin St. Louis is a French Canadian professional ice hockey Winger with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
, who had set the record in the 2003-04 Stanley Cup Championship year. Lecavalier also broke the franchise's goal scoring record, finishing with a league-leading 52 goals.

The Lightning were busy during the final weeks before the NHL Trade Deadline, acquiring wingers Kyle Wanvig
Kyle Wanvig

Kyle Wanvig is a Canadian ice hockey Winger whom until very recently played for Bryn?s IF in Elitserien....
, Stephen Baby
Stephen Baby

Stephen Baby is an American professional ice hockey Winger . He was drafted in the seventh round, 188th overall, by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft....
, and defensemen Shane O'Brien
Shane O'Brien

Shane O'Brien is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League . He has previously played for the Anaheim Ducks and the Tampa Bay Lightning....
. Former first round pick Nikita Alexeev
Nikita Alexeev

Nikita Alexeev is a Russian ice hockey forward who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League....
 was traded on the day of the deadline to the Chicago Blackhawks
Chicago Blackhawks

The Chicago Blackhawks are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. Other new additions for the team during the season were Filip Kuba
Filip Kuba

Filip Kuba is a Czech Republic professional ice hockey Defenceman currently playing for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League. He has previously played for the Florida Panthers, Minnesota Wild and Tampa Bay Lightning....
, Luke Richardson
Luke Richardson

Luke Richardson is a retired Canada ice hockey defenceman who played for 20 seasons in the National Hockey League . He is currently an assistant coach with the Ottawa Senators....
, and Doug Janik
Doug Janik

Doug Janik is a professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League....
. Veteran Andre Roy
André Roy

Andr? Roy is an United States professional ice hockey player who currently plays left wing for the National Hockey League's Calgary Flames....
, who had won the Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
 with the Lightning in 2004, was claimed off waivers from the Pittsburgh Penguins
Pittsburgh Penguins

The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
.

Throughout March, the Lightning had been switching places with the Atlanta Thrashers
Atlanta Thrashers

The Atlanta Thrashers are a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a member of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 for first place in the Southeast Division. With a chance to overtake the Thrashers one final time and once again become division champions for the third time in team history, on April 6, 2007, in the final week of the regular season, the Lighting suffered a loss to the Florida Panthers
Florida Panthers

The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in Sunrise, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, the night before the season finale in Atlanta. That same night, the Thrashers defeated the Carolina Hurricanes
Carolina Hurricanes

The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina, North Carolina. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League , and play home games at the 18,680 capacity RBC Center....
, and clinched the division. For the Lightning, this meant having to settle for the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference
Eastern Conference (NHL)

The Eastern Conference is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League used to divide teams. Its counterpart is the Western Conference ....
, with a final record of 44-33-5 (93 points).

The Lightning were eliminated from playoff competition on April 22, after a 3-2 home loss to the New Jersey Devils in game six of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals.

Following their playoff exit, on August 7, 2007, Absolute Hockey Enterprises, a group led by Doug MacLean
Doug MacLean

Douglas MacLean, is a Canada sportscaster and former ice hockey coach and general manager. He is the former president/general manager and head coach of the National Hockey League's Columbus Blue Jackets and was also the head coach of the Florida Panthers....
, announced it had signed a purchase agreement for the team and the leasehold on the St. Pete Times Forum
St. Pete Times Forum

The St. Pete Times Forum is an arena in Tampa, Florida, Florida, that is used for ice hockey games, basketball games, arena football games, and concerts....
. MacLean is the former president and general manager of the Columbus Blue Jackets
Columbus Blue Jackets

The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio, Ohio, United States. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 and former head coach for both the Blue Jackets and the Florida Panthers
Florida Panthers

The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in Sunrise, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. The group announced that it planned to keep the team in Tampa, but the deal fell apart during the 2007-08 season.

2007-08 season: Dead last

The Lightning struggled to maintain success during the 2007–2008 campaign. Although the "Big 3," (Lecavalier, St. Louis, and Richards) along with Vaclav Prospal, had performed up to expectations, they had little consistent play from supporting players. The Lightning suffered from what is believed to be poor personnel decisions made to acquire these supporting players and poor individual performance from supporting players. For example, Marc Denis, a multi-million dollar free agent goaltender signed a few years ago, was waived on December 28, 2007.

At the start of the All-Star Break on January 25, the Lightning had a 20–25–5 record, and with 45 points, were in last place in both the Southeast Division, and the Eastern Conference. Only the Los Angeles Kings
Los Angeles Kings

The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 had a lower point total at this time of the season, with 40 points.

On February 13, 2008, it was announced that Palace Sports & Entertainment had agreed to sell the Lightning to OK Hockey LLC, a group headed by Oren Koules
Oren Koules

Oren Koules is an entertainment industry and professional sports industry executive. He is president of Evolution Entertainment, producer of the "Saw" movie franchise....
, a producer of the Saw horror movies.

The Lightning were active during the trade deadline, similar to the previous season. The more notable trades included Vaclav Prospal
Vaclav Prospal

V?clav "Vinnie" Prospal is a professional ice hockey Winger currently playing for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League ....
 being dealt to the Philadelphia Flyers
Philadelphia Flyers

The Philadelphia Flyers are an ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 for AHL
American Hockey League

The American Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League ....
 All-Star defenseman Alexandre Picard
Alexandre R. Picard

Alexandre R. Picard is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He plays Defenceman for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League ....
 and a conditional draft pick. Former Conn Smythe Trophy
Conn Smythe Trophy

The Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the player judged Most Valuable Player during the National Hockey League's Stanley Cup playoffs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 43 times to 37 players since the 1964-65 NHL season....
 winner, Brad Richards
Brad Richards

Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canada professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League....
 and goaltender Johan Holmqvist
Johan Holmqvist

Johan Erik Daniel Holmqvist is a Swedish people professional ice hockey goaltender, currently playing for Fr?lunda HC in Elitserien....
 were sent to the Dallas Stars
Dallas Stars

The Dallas Stars are a National Hockey League team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Pacific Division in the Western Conference ....
, for goaltender Mike Smith, and forwards Jussi Jokinen
Jussi Jokinen

Jussi Jokinen is a Finnish people professional ice hockey forward for the Carolina Hurricanes.Jokinen is not related to Olli Jokinen of the Calgary Flames, but has a younger brother, Juho, who currently plays for K?rp?t in the Finnish SM-liiga....
 and Jeff Halpern
Jeff Halpern

Jeff Halpern is an United States of America professional ice hockey player with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
, as well as a fourth round pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft
2009 NHL Entry Draft

The 2009 NHL Entry Draft will be the 47th NHL Entry Draft. It is scheduled to be held June 26-27, 2009 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec. The Draft is planned as part of the Montreal Canadiens Montreal Canadiens centennial....
. One player with considerable ice time, Jan Hlavac
Jan Hlavac

Jan Hlav?c is a Czech Republic professional ice hockey player, who currently plays for Swedish team Link?pings HC....
, was traded to the Nashville Predators
Nashville Predators

The Nashville Predators are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville, Tennessee. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 for a seventh round pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft
2008 NHL Entry Draft

The 2008 NHL Entry Draft was the 46th NHL Entry Draft. It was hosted by the Ottawa Senators at Scotiabank Place in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on June 20?21, 2008....
. Defenseman Dan Boyle, was re-signed to a 6-year contract extension, reportedly worth $40 million.

However, after the trade deadline, the Lightning fared no better than they had throughout the entire season. With the day of the deadline being February 26, the Lightning won only five games after that date. Finishing with a 31–42–9 record, with 71 points, they had the best chance at getting the top overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft
2008 NHL Entry Draft

The 2008 NHL Entry Draft was the 46th NHL Entry Draft. It was hosted by the Ottawa Senators at Scotiabank Place in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on June 20?21, 2008....
 through the draft lottery, and was awarded the top overall pick by winning the draft lottery on April 7. They would use their first overall pick to select Steven Stamkos
Steven Stamkos

Steven Stamkos is a Canadian professional ice hockey player, currently playing for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League . Stamkos was the first overall pick in the 2005-06 OHL season#OHL_Priority_Selection, from the Markham Waxers of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association, and after a successful career with the Sarnia Sting, S...
, who had been playing in the Ontario Hockey League
Ontario Hockey League

The Ontario Hockey League is one of the three Major Junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The league is for players aged 15-20....
 prior to the draft.

The Lightning were the worst team on the road in the NHL, winning only 11 games. Another showing of the team's poor play, was the difference from the previous season's success in the overtime/shootout periods. In the 2006–07 season, the Lightning had one of the best extra period records, winning 15 games in either overtime or the shootout. In the 2007–08 season, they won only 3 games, losing 9.

Vincent Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier

Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
 suffered a dislocated shoulder as the result of an open-ice hit from Matt Cooke
Matt Cooke

Matt Cooke is a professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. His playing style has made him effective as a "Pest " and he is therefore known for his ability to aggravate opponents to his team's advantage....
 of the Washington Capitals
Washington Capitals

The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, in the game before the season finale in Atlanta. Lecavalier, who planned on having arthroscopic wrist surgery after the season's ending, would undergo surgery to repair his right shoulder as well. Cooke was fined $2,500 by the NHL for the hit, because Lecavalier did not have possession of the puck at the time. Lecavalier is expected to miss 12-15 weeks, but General Manager Jay Feaster believes that Lecavalier will be "100 percent" at the start of training camp for the 2008–09 season.

John Tortorella
John Tortorella

John Tortorella is an United States ice hockey coach who became the 34th head coach of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League on February 23, 2009....
 was fired by the Lighting following their worst season since Tortorella was hired. At the time working as an NHL analyst for ESPN, Barry Melrose
Barry Melrose

Barry Melrose is a former head coach in the National Hockey League, as well as a current commentator and hockey analyst for ESPN....
 stated on June 4 during an episode of Pardon the Interruption
Pardon the Interruption

Pardon the Interruption is a sports television program that airs weekdays on various ESPN TV channels, The Sports Network, ESPN America, XM Satellite Radio, and Sirius Satellite Radio satellite radio services, and as a downloadable podcast....
 that he missed coaching and would entertain any NHL coaching offers. He stated, "I miss not having a dog in the fight." On June 23, ESPN reported that Melrose had been chosen to be the head coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning, starting in the 2008-2009 NHL season. The next day, the Lightning officially introduced him as their new head coach.

2008-09 season

The Lightning opened the season in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
 against the New York Rangers
New York Rangers

The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City, New York, United States. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 as a part of the NHL's regular season "Premiere" that selects several teams to open the NHL season in Europe.

Barry Melrose would record his first win as a head coach in over 13 years on October 21, 2008 with a 3-2 victory over the Atlanta Thrashers
Atlanta Thrashers

The Atlanta Thrashers are a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a member of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. However, the Lightning did not get off to a great start as hoped, and Melrose was fired by the Lightning with a 5-7-4 record. Rick Tocchet
Rick Tocchet

Richard Tocchet is a retired professional ice hockey player. He is the current interim head coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League, following the firing of former head coach Barry Melrose....
, who had been hired as assistant coach during the previous offseason, was promoted to interim head coach.

On March 4th NHL veterans Marc Recchi and Olaf Zolzig were traded by the Tampa Bay Lightning to the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs respectively. The Lightning acquired top round picks Matt Lashoff and Martins Karsums from the Bruins.

Radio and Television

The Lightning radio broadcasts are on WDAE the play-by-play announcer is Dave Mishkin, who is known for his energetic style & his shriek for when the Lightning score. Phil Esposito
Phil Esposito

Philip Anthony "Espo" Esposito, Order of Canada is a retired professional ice hockey centre who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Blackhawks, Boston Bruins and New York Rangers....
 is the color commentator for home games. Matthew Sammon is the pre game,and intermission host. The Lightning can be seen on Sun Sports and locally on WTOG
WTOG

WTOG, channel 44, is a television station in St. Petersburg, Florida. Owned by the CBS Corporation, WTOG serves as the Tampa Bay Area station for the co-owned CW Television Network....
. The television play-by-play announcer is Rick Peckham
Rick Peckham

Rick Peckham is the current play-by-play Presenter for the National Hockey League's Tampa Bay Lightning hockey team. Previously, Peckham had served as the play-by-play announcer for the Hartford Whalers from 1984 through 1995....
. The color commentator is Bobby Taylor
Bobby Taylor (ice hockey)

Bobby Taylor is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently the colour commentator on Tampa Bay Lightning television broadcasts....
. The studio host is Paul Kennedy
Paul Kennedy

Paul Michael Kennedy Order of the British Empire, DPhil, Fellow of the British Academy , is a United Kingdom historian specializing in international relations and grand strategy....
. Todd Kalas
Todd Kalas

Todd Kalas is a television broadcaster for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Todd Kalas has been with the Rays since they were introduced to the MLB in 1998....
 and Whit Watson
Whit Watson

Whit Watson is a sportscaster for Sun Sports, the Florida-based regional cable network owned and operated by Fox Television. He joined the network in August 2003 after nearly seven years at ESPN in Bristol, Connecticut....
 also host in select home games.

Team colors and mascot


Since starting play, the Lightning colors have been blue, black and white. Their logo has been a stylized lightning bolt. This is the origin of one nickname for the team – the 'Bolts'.

Logo and Jerseys


Like all NHL teams for the 2007-08 season, the Lightning debuted in the new Rbk Edge jerseys. Also, like several other NHL teams, the Lightning updated their team logo.

The Lightning unveiled their new logo on August 25, 2007. The new logo is similar to the old one, but with a more modern look. The new logo also kept the same theme as the previous one by having "Tampa Bay" written on it, but without the word "Lightning".

New Alternate Jersey (2008-09)


Along with many other NHL teams, the Lightning debuted a new "Alternate" or "Third" jersey in the 2008-09 season. The jersey features a dominating "electric blue" color, with black and silver accents at the end of the sleeves. The logo is removed and instead emblazoned across the front of the jersey descending to the lower left of the jersey is the word "BOLTS" (written Rangers-esque). The numbers are featured on the back and sleeves only, using white lettering.

ThunderBug


The Lightning mascot is a lightning bug
Firefly

Lampyridae is a family of insects in the beetle order Coleoptera. They are winged beetles, and commonly called fireflies or lightning bugs for their conspicuous crepuscular use of bioluminescence to attract mates or prey....
 named ThunderBug. He performs at games and makes appearances in the community. According to the Lightning website , his hobbies include "wrestling Florida Panthers
Florida Panthers

The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in Sunrise, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, Shark
San Jose Sharks

The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California, California, United States. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 fishing, hunting Ducks
Anaheim Ducks

The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim, California, United States. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, trap shooting Thrashers
Atlanta Thrashers

The Atlanta Thrashers are a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a member of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
 and Carolina
Carolina Hurricanes

The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina, North Carolina. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League , and play home games at the 18,680 capacity RBC Center....
 Hog tying."

Lightning Girls


The Lightning also utilize a dance team known as the Lightning Girls at all home games and community events. The Tampa Bay Lightning Girls are a group of dancers who perform in the stands and clean the ice during breaks.

Season-by-season record


This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Lightning. For the full season-by-season history, see Tampa Bay Lightning seasons
Tampa Bay Lightning seasons

This is a list of season s completed by the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League. This list documents the records and playoff results for all seasons the Lightning have completed in the NHL since their inception in 1992....


Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Records as of April 13, 2008.

Season GP W L T OTL Pts GF GA PIM Finish Playoffs
2003–04
2003-04 NHL season

The 2003?04 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League. The thirty teams played 82 games in a revamped format that increased divisional games from 5 to 6 per team , conference games from 3 to 4 , and decreased inter-conference games to at least one per team, with three extra games ....
 
82 46 22 8 6 106 245 192 985 1st, Southeast Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club championship trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League Season structure of the NHL#Stanley Cup playoffs champion....
 Champions, 4-3 (Flames
Calgary Flames

The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. They are a member of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
)
2004–05
2004-05 NHL season

The 2004?05 NHL season would have been the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League . The season was officially canceled on February 16, 2005 due to an unresolved lockout that began on September 16, 2004....
 
Season canceled because of 2004–05 NHL lockout
2005–06
2005-06 NHL season

The 2005?06 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons Season of the National Hockey League. This was the season after the non-existent 2004-05 NHL season season which was cancelled due to a 2004-05 NHL lockout with the NHL Players Association over the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement between the league and its players....
1
82 43 33 6 92 252 260 947 2nd, Southeast Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 1-4 (Senators
Ottawa Senators

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
)
2006–07
2006-07 NHL season

The 2006?07 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons regular season of the National Hockey League . Originally, the NHL would have celebrated its 90th anniversary this season; however, 2004-05 NHL lockout of the 2004-05 NHL season pushed the 90th season back until the 2007?08 NHL season....
 
82 44 33 5 93 253 261 708 2nd, Southeast Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2-4 (Devils
New Jersey Devils

The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
)
2007–08
2007-08 NHL season

The 2007?08 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons Season of the National Hockey League. It began on September 29, 2007, with the regular season ending April 6, 2008....
 
82 31 42 8 71 223 267 1022 5th, Southeast Did not qualify


1 As of the 2005-06 NHL season
2005-06 NHL season

The 2005?06 NHL season was the List of NHL seasons Season of the National Hockey League. This was the season after the non-existent 2004-05 NHL season season which was cancelled due to a 2004-05 NHL lockout with the NHL Players Association over the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement between the league and its players....
, all games will have a winner; the OTL column includes SOL (Shootout losses).


Notable players


Current roster


Team captains




Honored Members

Hall of Famers: The Lightning have had one Hall of Famer as a player, Denis Savard
Denis Savard

Denis Joseph Savard is a Canadian, Hall of Fame, former professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League from 1980?81 NHL season to 1996?97 NHL season....
 (C, 1993-95) was inducted in 2000 (as a Player) for his NHL career.

Retired numbers: The Lightning have not retired any numbers. However, Wayne Gretzky
Wayne Gretzky

Wayne Douglas Gretzky, Order of Canada is a retired Canada professional ice hockey player. He is the current part-owner, head of hockey operations, and coach of the Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League ....
's number
99 was retired league-wide February 6, 2000.

First-round draft picks




Franchise scoring leaders

These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

Note:
Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; * = current Lightning player
Player Pos GP G A Pts P/G
Vincent Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier

Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
*
C 710 273 329 602 .85
Brad Richards
Brad Richards

Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canada professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League....
 
C 552 150 339 489 .89
Martin St. Louis
Martin St. Louis

Martin St. Louis is a French Canadian professional ice hockey Winger with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
*
RW 539 179 223 485 .90
Brian Bradley
Brian Bradley

Brian Bradley is a former professional ice hockey player and all-star from Kitchener, Ontario, Ontario. Bradley played for a number of different hockey teams in many different leagues....
 
C 328 111 189 300 .92
Fredrik Modin
Fredrik Modin

Fredrik "Freddie" Modin is a Sweden ice hockey left winger, and captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. He is known for having one of the hardest slap shots in the NHL....
 
LW 445 145 141 286 .64
Vaclav Prospal
Vaclav Prospal

V?clav "Vinnie" Prospal is a professional ice hockey Winger currently playing for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League ....
*
C 324 79 190 269 .83
Chris Gratton
Chris Gratton

Christopher Gratton is a professional ice hockey player with the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League....
*
C 404 88 148 236 .58
Pavel Kubina
Pavel Kubina

Pavel Kubina is a professional ice hockey Defenceman , currently playing for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League....
 
D 531 65 144 209 .39
Rob Zamuner
Rob Zamuner

Robert F. "Rob" Zamuner is a retired ice hockey forward, playing thirteen seasons in the National Hockey League, most recently with the Boston Bruins....
 
LW 475 84 116 200 .42
Roman Hamrlik
Roman Hamrlík

Roman "Hammer" Hamrl?k is a professional ice hockey defenceman , currently playing with the Montreal Canadiens....
 
D 377 52 133 185 .49


NHL awards and trophies




Franchise records


Individual

  • Most Goals in a season: Vincent Lecavalier
    Vincent Lecavalier

    Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
    , 52 (2006-07)
  • Most Assists in a season: Brad Richards
    Brad Richards

    Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canada professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League....
    , 68 (2005-06)
  • Most Points in a season: Vincent Lecavalier
    Vincent Lecavalier

    Vincent Lecavalier is a Canada professional ice hockey player and captain for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League....
    , 108 (2006-07)
  • Most Penalty Minutes in a season: Enrico Ciccone
    Enrico Ciccone

    Enrico Ciccone is a retired Canadian ice hockey Defenceman .Ciccone was drafted in 1990 by the Minnesota North Stars. After playing just 31 games with the North Stars, he was traded to the Washington Capitals prior to the 1993?94 NHL season....
    , 258 (1995-96)
  • Most Points in a season, defenseman: Roman Hamrlik
    Roman Hamrlík

    Roman "Hammer" Hamrl?k is a professional ice hockey defenceman , currently playing with the Montreal Canadiens....
    , 65 (1995-96)
  • Most Points in a season, rookie: Brad Richards
    Brad Richards

    Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canada professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League....
    , 62 (2000-01)
  • Most Wins in a season: Nikolai Khabibulin
    Nikolai Khabibulin

    Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin is a professional ice hockey goaltender, currently with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. His abilities have been recognized with four appearances in the NHL All-Star Game and two Olympic medals....
    , 30 (2002-03)
  • Most Shutouts in a season: Nikolai Khabibulin
    Nikolai Khabibulin

    Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin is a professional ice hockey goaltender, currently with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. His abilities have been recognized with four appearances in the NHL All-Star Game and two Olympic medals....
    , 7 (2001-02)


Team

  • Largest Home Playoff Attendance: 28,183 (ThunderDome - now Tropicana Field
    Tropicana Field

    Tropicana Field is a domed stadium in St. Petersburg, Florida, which has been the home of Major League Baseball's Tampa Bay Rays since 1998 in baseball....
    ) (1995-96)


See also

  • List of NHL players
    List of NHL players

    The list of National Hockey League players is divided into the following lists:By specific groups* List of NHL players by name* List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame...
  • List of NHL seasons
    List of NHL seasons

    This is a list of National Hockey League Season since inception of the league, and also of its predecessor, the National Hockey Association:...
  • List of Stanley Cup champions
    List of Stanley Cup champions

    The Stanley Cup, donated by former Governor General of Canada Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby in 1892, is the oldest professional sports trophy in North America....


External links