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The Sumatran Pine (Pinus merkusii) is a pine
Pine

Pines are Pinophyta trees in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species....
 native to southeast Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, mainly in the mountains of northern Sumatra
Sumatra

Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the list of islands by area in the world ....
, and with two outlying populations, on Mount Kerinci
Mount Kerinci

Mount Kerinci is the highest volcano in Indonesia, and the highest peak in Sumatra....
 and Mount Talang
Mount Talang

Mount Talang is a stratovolcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Talang has two crater lakes on its flanks, the largest of which is 1 x 2 km wide and is called Lake Talang....
 in central Sumatra, and in the Philippines
Philippines

The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
 on Mindoro
Mindoro

Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located southwest of Luzon, and northeast of Palawan. In past times, it has been called Ma-i or Mait by ancient China traders and, by Spain, as Mina de Oro from where the island got its current name....
 and the Zambales Mountains of western Luzon
Luzon

Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country, with Visayas and Mindanao being the other two....
. The population in central Sumatra, between 1° 40' and 2° 06' S latitude, is the only natural occurrence of any pine south of the Equator
Equator

The equator is the intersection of the Earth's surface with the Plane perpendicular to the Earth's rotation and containing the Earth's center of mass....
. It generally occurs at moderate altitudes, mostly from 400-1500 m, but occasionally as low as 90 m and up to 2000 m.

It is a medium-sized to large tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
, reaching 25-45 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m.






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Encyclopedia


The Sumatran Pine (Pinus merkusii) is a pine
Pine

Pines are Pinophyta trees in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species....
 native to southeast Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, mainly in the mountains of northern Sumatra
Sumatra

Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the list of islands by area in the world ....
, and with two outlying populations, on Mount Kerinci
Mount Kerinci

Mount Kerinci is the highest volcano in Indonesia, and the highest peak in Sumatra....
 and Mount Talang
Mount Talang

Mount Talang is a stratovolcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Talang has two crater lakes on its flanks, the largest of which is 1 x 2 km wide and is called Lake Talang....
 in central Sumatra, and in the Philippines
Philippines

The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
 on Mindoro
Mindoro

Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located southwest of Luzon, and northeast of Palawan. In past times, it has been called Ma-i or Mait by ancient China traders and, by Spain, as Mina de Oro from where the island got its current name....
 and the Zambales Mountains of western Luzon
Luzon

Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country, with Visayas and Mindanao being the other two....
. The population in central Sumatra, between 1° 40' and 2° 06' S latitude, is the only natural occurrence of any pine south of the Equator
Equator

The equator is the intersection of the Earth's surface with the Plane perpendicular to the Earth's rotation and containing the Earth's center of mass....
. It generally occurs at moderate altitudes, mostly from 400-1500 m, but occasionally as low as 90 m and up to 2000 m.

It is a medium-sized to large tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
, reaching 25-45 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The bark is orange-red, thick and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk, and thin and flaky in the upper crown. The leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 ('needles') are in pairs, very slender, 15-20 cm long and less than 1 mm thick, green to yellowish green. The cones
Conifer cone

A cone is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta that contains the plant sexuality structures. The familiar woody cone is the female cone, which produces seeds....
 are narrow conic, 5-8 cm long and 2 cm broad at the base when closed, green at first, ripening glossy red-brown. They open to 4-5 cm broad at maturity to release the seeds. The seeds are 5-6 mm long, with a 15-20 mm wing, and are wind-dispersed.

Sumatran Pine is closely related to Tenasserim Pine
Tenasserim Pine

The Tenasserim Pine is a pine native to southeast Asia, in the mountains of southeastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and on the China island of Hainan....
 Pinus latteri, which occurs further north in southeast Asia from Myanmar
Myanmar

Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia, or Indochina. The country is bordered by the People's Republic of China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, and the Bay of Bengal to the southwest with...
 to Vietnam
Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
; some botanists treat the two as conspecific (under the name P. merkusii, which was described first), but the Tenasserim Pine differs in longer (18-27 cm) and stouter (over 1 mm thick) leaves and larger cones with thicker scales, the cones often remaining closed for some time after maturity. It is also related to the group of Mediterranean pines including Aleppo Pine
Aleppo Pine

The Aleppo Pine is a pine native to the Mediterranean region. The range extends from Morocco and Spain north to southern France, Italy and Croatia, and east to Greece and northern Libya, with an outlying population in Syria , Jordan and Israel....
 and Turkish Pine
Turkish Pine

The Turkish pine is a pine native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, but it also extends to the East Aegean Islands of Greece, the Crimea, Iran, Georgia , Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, western Syria, Lebanon, and Cyprus....
, which share many features with it.