Sultan al-Daula
Encyclopedia
Abu Shuja was the Buyid amir of Fars (1012–1024) and Iraq
(1012–1021). He was the son of Baha' al-Daula
.
Abu Shuja lived in Baghdad during his youth. Shortly before Baha' al-Daula's death, he named Abu Shuja as his successor. Upon succeeding his father, he took the title "Sultan al-Daula wa 'Izz al-Milla". Travelling to his father's capital in Shiraz
, he did seek for the traditional investiture by the caliph
, but instead had the required materials sent to him. He entrusted his oldest brothers Jalal al-Daula
and Qawam al-Daula
with the governorships of Iraq and Kerman
, respectively. He stayed in Persia
for a long time; when he returned to Iraq three years later, he only went to Ahvaz
to meet with his governor.
In 1018 Sultan al-Daula again came to Iraq, in an attempt to maintain friendly terms with the neighboring Amirate of Mosul
. Qawam al-Daula, taking advantage of his brother's presence in the west, invaded Fars with the support of the Ghaznavids. The attack failed, Qawam al-Daula's marked the division of the Buyid state. After repulsing Qawam al-Daula's attack, Sultan al-Daula returned to Iraq in order to solidify his rule there. The marchlands of the region, which had long resisted Buyid authority, were finally subjugated.
The Turkish
mercenaries, however, became discontented over the presence Sultan al-Daula's Dailamite troops. They therefore raised a brother of the amir, Musharrif al-Daula
, as their ruler in 1021. After a long series of negotiations, Sultan al-Daula recognized his brother as "King of Iraq", in exchange for the latter's submittance as a vassal. Sultan al-Daula, however, wanted to retain direct rule over the region, and he invaded with his army. His defeat by Musharrif al-Daula's forces put an end to this plan, and Iraq became fully independent. The concept of the senior amir temporarily died; each region of the Buyid state was now ruled independently of one another. Having overseen the fragmentation of the Buyids, Sultan al-Daula died in Shiraz in December 1024. He was succeeded in Fars by his son Abu Kalijar
.
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
(1012–1021). He was the son of Baha' al-Daula
Baha' al-Daula
Baha' al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq , along with Fars and Kerman . He was the third son of 'Adud al-Daula....
.
Abu Shuja lived in Baghdad during his youth. Shortly before Baha' al-Daula's death, he named Abu Shuja as his successor. Upon succeeding his father, he took the title "Sultan al-Daula wa 'Izz al-Milla". Travelling to his father's capital in Shiraz
Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk seasonal river...
, he did seek for the traditional investiture by the caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
, but instead had the required materials sent to him. He entrusted his oldest brothers Jalal al-Daula
Jalal al-Daula
Abu Tahir Jalal al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was the son of Baha' al-Daula.In 1012 Jalal al-Daula's father died. His brother, Sultan al-Daula came to the throne and appointed him as governor of Basra. He ruled there up until Musharrif al-Daula, who had taken control of Iraq, died in...
and Qawam al-Daula
Qawam al-Daula
Abu'l-Fawaris was the Buyid ruler of Kerman . He was the son of Baha' al-Daula.When Abu'l-Fawaris' brother Sultan al-Daula became the senior amir of the Buyids in 1012, he appointed Abu'l-Fawaris as governor of Kerman...
with the governorships of Iraq and Kerman
Kerman
- Geological characteristics :For the Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. Finding new dinosaur footprints in 2005 has now revealed new hopes for paleontologists to better understand the history of this area.- Economy :...
, respectively. He stayed in Persia
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
for a long time; when he returned to Iraq three years later, he only went to Ahvaz
Ahvaz
-History:For a more comprehensive historical treatment of the area, see the history section of Khūzestān Province.-Ancient history:Ahvaz is the anagram of "Avaz" and "Avaja" which appear in Darius's epigraph...
to meet with his governor.
In 1018 Sultan al-Daula again came to Iraq, in an attempt to maintain friendly terms with the neighboring Amirate of Mosul
Mosul
Mosul , is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of the Ninawa Governorate, some northwest of Baghdad. The original city stands on the west bank of the Tigris River, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank, but the metropolitan area has now grown to encompass substantial...
. Qawam al-Daula, taking advantage of his brother's presence in the west, invaded Fars with the support of the Ghaznavids. The attack failed, Qawam al-Daula's marked the division of the Buyid state. After repulsing Qawam al-Daula's attack, Sultan al-Daula returned to Iraq in order to solidify his rule there. The marchlands of the region, which had long resisted Buyid authority, were finally subjugated.
The Turkish
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
mercenaries, however, became discontented over the presence Sultan al-Daula's Dailamite troops. They therefore raised a brother of the amir, Musharrif al-Daula
Musharrif al-Daula
Abu 'Ali was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was the youngest son of Baha' al-Daula.In 1021 the Turkish establishment in Baghdad, which had become upset over the influence of amir Sultan al-Daula's Daliam troops, raised Abu 'Ali to power. Given the title "Musharrif al-Daula", he decided to negotiate...
, as their ruler in 1021. After a long series of negotiations, Sultan al-Daula recognized his brother as "King of Iraq", in exchange for the latter's submittance as a vassal. Sultan al-Daula, however, wanted to retain direct rule over the region, and he invaded with his army. His defeat by Musharrif al-Daula's forces put an end to this plan, and Iraq became fully independent. The concept of the senior amir temporarily died; each region of the Buyid state was now ruled independently of one another. Having overseen the fragmentation of the Buyids, Sultan al-Daula died in Shiraz in December 1024. He was succeeded in Fars by his son Abu Kalijar
Abu Kalijar
Abu Kalijar was the Buyid amir of Fars , Kerman and Iraq . He was the eldest son of Sultan al-Daula....
.