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The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War
American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
, taking place in St. Albans
St. Albans (town), Vermont

St. Albans is a New England town in Franklin County, Vermont, Vermont, United States. The population was 5,086 at the 2000 United States Census....
, Vermont
Vermont

Vermont is a U.S. state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. The state ranks 43rd by land area, , and 45th by total area....
 on October 19, 1864.

In this unusual incident, Bennett H. Young
Bennett H. Young

Bennett H. Young was a Confederate States of America officer who led forces in the St Albans raid , a military action during the American Civil War....
 led Confederate States Army
Confederate States Army

The Confederate States Army was a military organization whose primary mission was to provide the necessary forces and capabilities to support the National Security and defense of the Confederate States of America during its brief existence from 1861 to 1865....
 forces. Young had become a prisoner of war
Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war is a combatant who is held in continuing custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict....
 after the Battle of Salineville
Battle of Salineville

The Battle of Salineville occurred July 26, 1863, near Salineville, Ohio during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War. It was one of the northernmost military actions involving the Confederate States Army....
 in Ohio
Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region , Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America....
  ended Morgan's Raid
Morgan's Raid

Morgan's Raid was a highly publicized incursion by Confederate States Army cavalry into the Northern United States states of Indiana and Ohio during the American Civil War....
 the year before; he later escaped to Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 (then the Province of Canada
Province of Canada

The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British North America#BNA colonies after the American Revolution: in North America from 1841 to 1867....
, part of the British Empire
British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
) and returned to the South
Southern United States

The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive region in the southeastern and south-central United States....
, where he proposed raids on the Union from the Canadian border to build the Confederate treasury
Economy of the Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America had an agrarian-based economy that relied heavily on slave-worked plantations for the production of cotton for export to Europe and the northern US states....
 and force the Union Army
Union Army

The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S....
 to protect the northern border and divert troops from the South.






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The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War
American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
, taking place in St. Albans
St. Albans (town), Vermont

St. Albans is a New England town in Franklin County, Vermont, Vermont, United States. The population was 5,086 at the 2000 United States Census....
, Vermont
Vermont

Vermont is a U.S. state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. The state ranks 43rd by land area, , and 45th by total area....
 on October 19, 1864.

In this unusual incident, Bennett H. Young
Bennett H. Young

Bennett H. Young was a Confederate States of America officer who led forces in the St Albans raid , a military action during the American Civil War....
 led Confederate States Army
Confederate States Army

The Confederate States Army was a military organization whose primary mission was to provide the necessary forces and capabilities to support the National Security and defense of the Confederate States of America during its brief existence from 1861 to 1865....
 forces. Young had become a prisoner of war
Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war is a combatant who is held in continuing custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict....
 after the Battle of Salineville
Battle of Salineville

The Battle of Salineville occurred July 26, 1863, near Salineville, Ohio during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War. It was one of the northernmost military actions involving the Confederate States Army....
 in Ohio
Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region , Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America....
  ended Morgan's Raid
Morgan's Raid

Morgan's Raid was a highly publicized incursion by Confederate States Army cavalry into the Northern United States states of Indiana and Ohio during the American Civil War....
 the year before; he later escaped to Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 (then the Province of Canada
Province of Canada

The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British North America#BNA colonies after the American Revolution: in North America from 1841 to 1867....
, part of the British Empire
British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
) and returned to the South
Southern United States

The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive region in the southeastern and south-central United States....
, where he proposed raids on the Union from the Canadian border to build the Confederate treasury
Economy of the Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America had an agrarian-based economy that relied heavily on slave-worked plantations for the production of cotton for export to Europe and the northern US states....
 and force the Union Army
Union Army

The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S....
 to protect the northern border and divert troops from the South. Young was commissioned
Officer (armed forces)

An officer is a member of an Armed forces who holds a position of authority.Commissioned officers derive authority directly from a sovereignty power and, as such, hold a Letters patent charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position....
 as a lieutenant
Lieutenant

Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service, emergency medical services or police commissioned officer military rank.Lieutenant may also appear as part of a title used in various other organisations with a codified command structure....
 and returned to Canada, where he recruited other escaped rebels to participate in a raid
RAID

RAID is an acronym first defined by David A. Patterson , Garth A. Gibson and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987 to describe a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, a technology that allowed computer users to achieve mainframe-class storage reliability from low-cost and less reliable PC-class disk-drive componen...
 on St. Albans, Vermont, a quiet town 15 miles (25 km) from the Canadian border.

Young and two others checked into a local hotel
Hotel

----A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including Bathroom#Types of bathroomss and air conditioning or clima...
 on October 10, saying that they had come from St. John's
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada about southeast of Montreal. It is situated on the west bank of the Richelieu River at the northernmost navigable point of Lake Champlain....
 in Quebec
Quebec

Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
 for a "sporting vacation." Every day, two or three more young men arrived. By October 19, there were 21 cavalrymen
Cavalry

The Cavalry is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat, it represents the mobility and offensive power of the armed forces....
 assembled. Just before 3 p.m. the group simultaneously staged a robbery
Bank robbery

This article is about the crime of Bank robbery. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery is, "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear." By contras...
 of the three banks in the town. They announced that they were Confederate soldiers and stole a total of $208,000. As the banks were being robbed, eight or nine of the Confederates held the townspeople prisoner on the village green
Village green

A village green is a commons open area which is a part of a settlement. Traditionally, such an area was often common pasture land at the centre of a small agricultural settlement, used for grazing and sometimes for community events....
 as their horses were stolen
Horse thief

A Horse thief is a person who steals horses. The label historically carries negative connotations of guile and depredation approximating the same weight of evil as a kidnapper or swindler....
. One townsperson was killed and another wounded. Young ordered his troops to burn the town down, but the four-ounce bottles of Greek fire
Greek fire

Greek fire was a primitive incendiary device weapon used by the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines typically used it in naval battles to great effect as it could continue burning even on water....
 they had brought failed to work, and only one shed
Shed

A shed is typically a simple, single-floor structure in a back garden or on an allotment that is used for storage, hobby, or as a workshop. The modern Oxford English Dictionary defines sheds as a "slight structure built for shelter or storage, or for use as a workshop, either a separate building or attached to a permanent building as a l...
 was destroyed.

The raiders fled with the money into Canada, where they were arrested by authorities. A Canadian court
Court system of Canada

The court system of Canada is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction. Some of the courts are Government of Canada in nature while others are provincial or territorial....
 decided that the soldiers were under military orders and that the officially neutral
Neutral country

For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality, see NeutralA neutral country takes no side in a war between other parties. A neutralist policy aims at neutrality in case of an armed conflict that could involve the party in question....
 Canada could not extradite
Extradition

Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal....
 them to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
. The Canadian court's ruling that the soldiers were legitimate military belligerent
Belligerent

A belligerent is an individual, group, country or other entity which acts in a hostile manner, such as engaging in combat.In times of war, belligerent countries can be contrasted with neutral country and non-belligerents....
s and not criminals
Crime

Societies define Crime as the breach of one or more rules or laws for which some Government or force may ultimately prescribe a punishment.The word crime originates from the Latin crimen , from the Latin root cerno and Greek ????? = "I judge"....
, as argued by American authorities, has been interpreted as a tacit British recognition
Diplomatic recognition

Diplomatic recognition in public international law is a unilateral political act, with domestic and international legal consequences, whereby a sovereign state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government....
 of the Confederate States of America
Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
. The raiders were freed, but the $88,000 the raiders had on their person was returned to Vermont.

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