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Sound-on-film

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	Topics Sound-on-film Topic Home Sound-on-film refers to a class of sound filmSound film A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, as opposed to a silent film.... processes where the sound accompanying picture is physically recorded onto photographic film, usually, but not always, the same strip of film carrying the picture. Sound-on-film processes can either record an analogueFacts About Analog signal An analog or analogue is any variable signal continuous in both time and amplitude.... sound track or digitalDigital A digital system is one that uses discrete numbers, especially binary numbers, or non-numeric symbols such as letters or ico... sound track, and may record the signal either opticallyOptics Optics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter.... or magneticallyMagnetism Summary In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials.... . Analogue sound-on-Film recording The most prevalent modern method of recording sound on a film print is by stereo variable-area (SVA) recording, encoding a two-channel audio signal as a pair of lines running parallel with the film's direction of travel through the projector. The lines change area (grow broader or narrower) depending on the magnitude of the signal. The projector shines a light or LEDLight-emitting diode A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor device that emits incoherent narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in th... , called an exciter, through a perpendicular slit onto the film. The image on the small slice of exposed track modulates the intensity of the light, which is collected by a photosensitive element, a photodiodePhotodiode A photodiode is a semiconductor diode that functions as a photodetector.... or CCDCharge-coupled device A charge-coupled device is an consisting of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors se... . Commonly, the audio signal recorded onto an SVA track is encoded through a phase matrixMatrix decoder Matrix decoder is an audio technology where a finite number of discrete audio channels are decoded into a larger number of c... , which allowed the two-channel format to record a center and surround channel, and companding noise reductionCompanding In telecommunication, signal processing, and thermodynamics, companding is a method of reducing the effects of a channel wi... , which allows a constant signal-to-noise ratioSignal-to-noise ratio Overview Signal-to-noise ratio is an electrical engineering concept defined as the ratio of a given transmitted signal to the backgr... to be delivered over a wide dynamic range. Earlier processes, used on 70mm film70 mm film 70 mm film is a wide high-resolution film gauge, of superior quality to standard 35 mm motion picture film format.... prints and special presentations of 35mm film35 mm film 35 mm film is the basic film gauge most commonly used for both still photography and motion pictures, and remains relatively... prints, recorded sound magnetically on ferric oxideIron(III) oxide Iron oxide also known as ferric oxide, 'Hematite, 'red iron oxide, 'synthetic maghemite, 'colcothar'... tracks bonded to the film print, outside the sprocket holes. Sound-on-film formats Almost all modern motion picture sound formats are sound-on-film formats, including: Optical analog formats FoxFox Film The Fox Film Corporation was an American company which produced motion pictures, formed in 1915 when founder William Fox mer... /Western ElectricWestern Electric Western Electric was a U.S. electrical engineering company, the manufacturing arm of AT&T from 1881 to 1995 .... (Westrex) MovietoneMovietone sound system The Movietone sound system is a sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures which guarantees synchronisation... , are variable-density formats of sound filmSound film A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, as opposed to a silent film.... . (No longer used, but still playable on modern projectors.) RCA PhotophoneRCA Photophone Summary RCA Photophone was the trade name given to one of four competing technologies which emerged in the American film industry in... , a variable-area format now universally used for optical analog soundtracks - since the late 1970s, usually with a Dolby encoding matrix. Encoding matrices Dolby StereoDolby Stereo Dolby Stereo was the original analog optical technology developed by Dolby Laboratories for 35 mm prints in 1976.... Dolby SR Ultra StereoUltra Stereo Ultra Stereo is a cinematographic sound system that was developed by the year 1984... Optical digital formats Dolby DigitalDolby Digital Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies by Dolby Laboratories. ... Sony Dynamic Digital SoundSDDS SDDS stands for Sony Dynamic Digital Sound, which is a cinema sound system developed by Sony.... Obsolete formats FantasoundFantasound Fantasound was an early stereophonic sound process developed by sound engineer William E.... , where sound and picture were recorded on separate strips of film, introduced for initial release of DisneyWalt Disney Walter Elias Disney , was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, and philanthropist.... 's Fantasia (1940) PhonofilmPhonofilm In 1919, Lee De Forest, inventor of the audion tube, filed his first patent on a sound-on-film process, DeForest Phonofilm, ... , patented by Lee De ForestLee De Forest Lee De Forest, was an American inventor with over 300 patents to his credit.... in 1919, defunct by 1929 Cinema Digital SoundCinema Digital Sound CDS is a multi-channel surround sound format used for theatrical films in the early 1990's.... , an optical format which was the first commercial digital sound format, used between 1990 and 1992 Further reading MovietoneMovietone sound system The Movietone sound system is a sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures which guarantees synchronisation... Sound filmSound film Overview A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, as opposed to a silent film.... VitaphoneVitaphone Vitaphone was a sound film process used on features and nearly 2,000 short subjects produced by Warner Brothers and its sist... PhonofilmPhonofilm In 1919, Lee De Forest, inventor of the audion tube, filed his first patent on a sound-on-film process, DeForest Phonofilm, ... PhotokinemaPhotokinema *Phono-Kinema* was a sound-on-disc system for motion pictures invented by Orlando Kellum.... sound-on-discSound-on-disc The term Sound-on-disc refers to a class of sound film processes utilizing a phonograph or other disc to record or playback ... List of film formatsFacts About List of film formats This is a list of film formats known to have been developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures since the development of... Joseph Tykocinski-Tykociner See also OptiganOptigan The Optigan was an early electronic keyboard instrument designed for the consumer market....