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Soul jazz was a development of hard bop
Hard bop

Hard bop is a style of jazz that is an extension of bebop music. Hard bop incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing....
 which incorporated strong influences from blues
Blues

Blues is a music genre based on the use of the blues chord progressions and the blue notes. Though several blues musical form s exist, the 12-bar blues chord progressions are the most frequently encountered....
, gospel
Gospel

In Christianity, a gospel is generally one of the first four books of the New Testament that describe the birth, life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus....
 and rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues

Rhythm and blues is the name given to a wide-ranging genre of popular music first created by African Americans in the late 1940s and early 1950s....
 in music for small groups, often the organ trio
Organ trio

An organ trio, in a jazz context, is a group of three jazz musicians, typically consisting of a Hammond organ player, a drummer, and either a jazz guitarist or a saxophone player....
 which featured the Hammond organ
Hammond organ

The Hammond organ is an electronic organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company. While the Hammond organ was originally sold to Church as a lower-cost alternative to the wind-driven pipe organ, in the 1960s and 1970s, it became a standard keyboard instrument for jazz, blues, Rock and r...
. Important soul jazz organists included Bill Doggett
Bill Doggett

William Ballard Doggett was an United States jazz and rhythm and blues pianist and organist.Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, his mother, a church pianist, introduced him to music when he was 9 years old....
, Charles Earland
Charles Earland

Charles Earland was an United States jazz composer, organist, and Saxophone in the soul jazz idiom....
, Richard "Groove" Holmes
Richard Holmes (organist)

Richard Arnold "Groove" Holmes, Born Richard Arnold Jackson was an United States jazz organist who performed in the hard bop and soul jazz genre....
, Les McCann
Les McCann

Les McCann is a soul jazz piano player and vocalist whose biggest successes came as a crossover artist into R&B and soul....
, "Brother" Jack McDuff
Jack McDuff

"Brother" Jack McDuff was a jazz organist and organ trio bandleader who was most prominent during the hard bop and soul jazz era of the 1960s....
, Jimmy McGriff
Jimmy McGriff

James Harrell McGriff was a hard bop and soul-jazz organist and organ trio bandleader who developed a distinctive style of playing the Hammond B-3 organ....
, Lonnie Smith, Big John Patton, Don Patterson
Don Patterson

Don Patterson may refer to:*Don Patterson , current head college football coach for the Western Illinois University Leathernecks*Don Patterson , American animator and director...
, Shirley Scott
Shirley Scott

Shirley Scott was a hard bop and soul-jazz organist....
, Hank Marr
Hank Marr

Hank Marr was a soul jazz and hard bop Hammond B3 organist born in Columbus, Ohio, probably best known for his many albums recorded under his own name for the Double-time record label....
, Reuben Wilson
Reuben Wilson

Reuben Wilson is a jazz organist, performer of the Hammond B3. He plays acid jazz, though he also performed in the soul jazz idiom. Wilson began performing in the 1960s....
, Jimmy Smith
Jimmy Smith (musician)

Jimmy Smith was a jazz musician whose performances on the Hammond B3 electric organ helped to popularize this instrument. In 2005, Jimmy Smith was awarded the NEA Jazz Masters from the National Endowment for the Arts, the highest honors that the United States bestows upon jazz musicians....
 and Johnny Hammond Smith.

Tenor saxophone
Saxophone

The saxophone is a conical-Bore transposing instrument musical instrument considered a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and are played with a Single-reed instrument mouthpiece similar to the clarinet....
 and guitar
Guitar

The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles. It typically has six Strings , but Tenor guitar, Seven-string guitar, Eight-string guitar, Ten-string guitar, Eleven-string guitar, Twelve-string guitar, Thirteen-string guitar and doubleneck guitar string guitars also exist....
 were also important in soul jazz; soul jazz tenors include Gene Ammons
Gene Ammons

Eugene "Jug" Ammons was an United States jazz tenor saxophonist, and the son of boogie-woogie pianist Albert Ammons.Ammons began to gain recognition when he went on the road with trumpeter King Kolax band in 1943, at the age of 18....
, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Eddie Harris
Eddie Harris

Eddie Harris was best known for playing tenor saxophone, though he was also fluent on the electric piano and Organ . His most well-known composition was "Freedom Jazz Dance", recorded and popularized by Miles Davis in the 1960s....
, Houston Person
Houston Person

Houston Person is an United States jazz tenor saxophonist and record producer. Although he has performed in the hard bop and swing music genres, he is most experienced in and best known for his work in soul jazz....
, and Stanley Turrentine
Stanley Turrentine

Stanley William Turrentine, also known as "Mr. T" or "The Sugar Man", was an American jazz tenor saxophone....
; guitarists include Grant Green
Grant Green

Grant Green was a jazz guitarist and composer.Recording prolifically and almost exclusively for Blue Note Records Green performed well in hard bop, soul jazz, bebop and latin jazz-tinged settings throughout his career....
 and George Benson
George Benson

George Benson is an American musician, whose recording career began at the age of twenty-one as a jazz guitarist. He is however, better known to the public at large as a Pop music and R&B singer, famous for such hits as "Give Me the Night", "Lady Love Me ", "Turn Your Love Around", "Inside Love", "In Your Eyes", and "This Masquerade", among...
.






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Soul jazz was a development of hard bop
Hard bop

Hard bop is a style of jazz that is an extension of bebop music. Hard bop incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing....
 which incorporated strong influences from blues
Blues

Blues is a music genre based on the use of the blues chord progressions and the blue notes. Though several blues musical form s exist, the 12-bar blues chord progressions are the most frequently encountered....
, gospel
Gospel

In Christianity, a gospel is generally one of the first four books of the New Testament that describe the birth, life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus....
 and rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues

Rhythm and blues is the name given to a wide-ranging genre of popular music first created by African Americans in the late 1940s and early 1950s....
 in music for small groups, often the organ trio
Organ trio

An organ trio, in a jazz context, is a group of three jazz musicians, typically consisting of a Hammond organ player, a drummer, and either a jazz guitarist or a saxophone player....
 which featured the Hammond organ
Hammond organ

The Hammond organ is an electronic organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company. While the Hammond organ was originally sold to Church as a lower-cost alternative to the wind-driven pipe organ, in the 1960s and 1970s, it became a standard keyboard instrument for jazz, blues, Rock and r...
. Important soul jazz organists included Bill Doggett
Bill Doggett

William Ballard Doggett was an United States jazz and rhythm and blues pianist and organist.Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, his mother, a church pianist, introduced him to music when he was 9 years old....
, Charles Earland
Charles Earland

Charles Earland was an United States jazz composer, organist, and Saxophone in the soul jazz idiom....
, Richard "Groove" Holmes
Richard Holmes (organist)

Richard Arnold "Groove" Holmes, Born Richard Arnold Jackson was an United States jazz organist who performed in the hard bop and soul jazz genre....
, Les McCann
Les McCann

Les McCann is a soul jazz piano player and vocalist whose biggest successes came as a crossover artist into R&B and soul....
, "Brother" Jack McDuff
Jack McDuff

"Brother" Jack McDuff was a jazz organist and organ trio bandleader who was most prominent during the hard bop and soul jazz era of the 1960s....
, Jimmy McGriff
Jimmy McGriff

James Harrell McGriff was a hard bop and soul-jazz organist and organ trio bandleader who developed a distinctive style of playing the Hammond B-3 organ....
, Lonnie Smith, Big John Patton, Don Patterson
Don Patterson

Don Patterson may refer to:*Don Patterson , current head college football coach for the Western Illinois University Leathernecks*Don Patterson , American animator and director...
, Shirley Scott
Shirley Scott

Shirley Scott was a hard bop and soul-jazz organist....
, Hank Marr
Hank Marr

Hank Marr was a soul jazz and hard bop Hammond B3 organist born in Columbus, Ohio, probably best known for his many albums recorded under his own name for the Double-time record label....
, Reuben Wilson
Reuben Wilson

Reuben Wilson is a jazz organist, performer of the Hammond B3. He plays acid jazz, though he also performed in the soul jazz idiom. Wilson began performing in the 1960s....
, Jimmy Smith
Jimmy Smith (musician)

Jimmy Smith was a jazz musician whose performances on the Hammond B3 electric organ helped to popularize this instrument. In 2005, Jimmy Smith was awarded the NEA Jazz Masters from the National Endowment for the Arts, the highest honors that the United States bestows upon jazz musicians....
 and Johnny Hammond Smith.

Tenor saxophone
Saxophone

The saxophone is a conical-Bore transposing instrument musical instrument considered a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and are played with a Single-reed instrument mouthpiece similar to the clarinet....
 and guitar
Guitar

The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles. It typically has six Strings , but Tenor guitar, Seven-string guitar, Eight-string guitar, Ten-string guitar, Eleven-string guitar, Twelve-string guitar, Thirteen-string guitar and doubleneck guitar string guitars also exist....
 were also important in soul jazz; soul jazz tenors include Gene Ammons
Gene Ammons

Eugene "Jug" Ammons was an United States jazz tenor saxophonist, and the son of boogie-woogie pianist Albert Ammons.Ammons began to gain recognition when he went on the road with trumpeter King Kolax band in 1943, at the age of 18....
, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Eddie Harris
Eddie Harris

Eddie Harris was best known for playing tenor saxophone, though he was also fluent on the electric piano and Organ . His most well-known composition was "Freedom Jazz Dance", recorded and popularized by Miles Davis in the 1960s....
, Houston Person
Houston Person

Houston Person is an United States jazz tenor saxophonist and record producer. Although he has performed in the hard bop and swing music genres, he is most experienced in and best known for his work in soul jazz....
, and Stanley Turrentine
Stanley Turrentine

Stanley William Turrentine, also known as "Mr. T" or "The Sugar Man", was an American jazz tenor saxophone....
; guitarists include Grant Green
Grant Green

Grant Green was a jazz guitarist and composer.Recording prolifically and almost exclusively for Blue Note Records Green performed well in hard bop, soul jazz, bebop and latin jazz-tinged settings throughout his career....
 and George Benson
George Benson

George Benson is an American musician, whose recording career began at the age of twenty-one as a jazz guitarist. He is however, better known to the public at large as a Pop music and R&B singer, famous for such hits as "Give Me the Night", "Lady Love Me ", "Turn Your Love Around", "Inside Love", "In Your Eyes", and "This Masquerade", among...
. Other important contributors were Alto saxophonists Lou Donaldson
Lou Donaldson

Lou Donaldson is a jazz alto saxophonist. He was born in Badin, North Carolina. He is best known for his soulful, bluesy approach to the alto saxophone, although in his formative years he was, as many were of the bebop era, heavily influenced by Charlie Parker....
 and Hank Crawford
Hank Crawford

Bennie Ross "Hank" Crawford, Jr. was an United States rhythm and blues, hard bop, jazz-funk, soul jazz alto saxophonist, arranger and songwriter....
, trumpeter Blue Mitchell
Blue Mitchell

Richard Allen Mitchell was an United States jazz, rhythm and blues, Soul music, rock music, and funk trumpeter, known for many albums recorded as leader and sideman on Blue Note Records....
, and drummer Idris Muhammed (ne Leo Morris). Unlike hard bop
Hard bop

Hard bop is a style of jazz that is an extension of bebop music. Hard bop incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing....
, soul jazz generally emphasized repetitive grooves, melodies, and melodic hooks
Hook (music)

A hook is a musical idea, often a short riff, passage, or phrase , that is used in popular music to make a song appealing and to "catch the ear of the listener"....
.

Soul jazz was developed in the late 1950s, reaching public awareness with the release of The Cannonball Adderley Quintet in San Francisco
The Cannonball Adderley Quintet in San Francisco

The Cannonball Adderley Quintet in San Francisco is a 1959 album by jazz band Cannonball Adderley. The groundbreaking album launched "soul jazz", according to National Public Radio bridging "the gap between bebop and funk"....
, and was perhaps most popular in the mid-to-late 1960s, though many soul jazz performers, and elements of the music, remain popular. Although the term "soul jazz" contains the word "soul," soul jazz is only a distant cousin to soul music
Soul music

Soul music is a music genre originating in the United States combining elements of gospel music and rhythm and blues. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that arose out of the African American culture through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky, Secularity testifying." The genre occasion...
, in that soul developed from gospel
Gospel music

Gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music....
 and R&B rather than from jazz.

Some well-known soul jazz recordings are Lee Morgan
Lee Morgan

Lee Morgan was an American hard bop trumpeter....
's The Sidewinder (1963), Herbie Hancock
Herbie Hancock

Herbert Jeffrey "Herbie" Hancock is a jazz pianist and composer. He embraces elements of rock and roll and soul music while adopting freer stylistic elements from jazz....
's Cantaloupe Island
Cantaloupe Island

"Cantaloupe Island" is a jazz standard composed by Herbie Hancock. It was first recorded on his 1964 album Empyrean Isles. It was one of the first examples of a modal jazz composition set to a funk beat....
 (1964) (which was popularized further when sampled by US3
US3

Us3 is a jazz-rap group founded in London in 1991. Their name was inspired by a Horace Parlan recording produced by Alfred Lion, the founder of Blue Note Records....
 on Cantaloop
Cantaloop

"Cantaloop" is a song by Us3 which covers Herbie Hancock's song "Cantaloupe Island". It appeared on their 1993 album, Hand on the Torch, which was Blue Note Records's first RIAA certification-selling album....
), Horace Silver
Horace Silver

Horace Silver , born Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silva in Norwalk, Connecticut, is an American jazz pianist and composer. His father, who was known as John Tavares Silva, was from the island of Maio, Cape Verde in Cape Verde....
's Song for My Father (1964) (which was musically alluded to by Steely Dan
Steely Dan

Steely Dan is an United States jazz-Rock music band centered on core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. The band reached a peak of popularity in the late 1970s, with the release of seven albums blending elements of jazz, rock and roll, funk, rhythm and blues, and Pop music....
 with Rikki Don't Lose That Number), Ramsey Lewis
Ramsey Lewis

Ramsey Emmanuel Lewis, Jr. is an United States jazz icon, composer, pianist and radio personality. He has been referred to as "the great performer", a title reflecting his performance style and musical selections which display his early gospel playing and classical training along with his love of jazz and other musical forms....
's The In Crowd (1965), and Cannonball Adderley's Mercy, Mercy, Mercy (1966) (also popularized further when covered as a top 40 pop song by The Buckinghams
The Buckinghams

The Buckinghams are an United States rock and roll band that saw enormous radio popularity from 1965 to 1968, becoming one of the top-selling rock groups of 1967....
).

The Soul Jazz vernacular was a major contributer to the evolution of Jazz-Funk
Jazz-funk

Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat , electrified sounds, and often, the presence of the first electronic analog synthesizers....
 in the 1970s.

See also

  • Organ trio
    Organ trio

    An organ trio, in a jazz context, is a group of three jazz musicians, typically consisting of a Hammond organ player, a drummer, and either a jazz guitarist or a saxophone player....
    , the small jazz ensemble based around the Hammond organ
    Hammond organ

    The Hammond organ is an electronic organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company. While the Hammond organ was originally sold to Church as a lower-cost alternative to the wind-driven pipe organ, in the 1960s and 1970s, it became a standard keyboard instrument for jazz, blues, Rock and r...
     which was popular in the 1950s and 1960s
  • List of soul-jazz musicians
    List of soul-jazz musicians

    The following is a list of soul-jazz musicians....
    Category:Soul-jazz musicians


External links