Sitarampur
Encyclopedia
Sitarampur a small township just off the Asansol
Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the western part of the Burdwan...

-Dhanbad
Dhanbad
Dhanbad features climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate and a tropical wet and dry climate. Summer starts from last week of March and ends in mid-June. Peak temperature in summer can reach 47oC. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall...

 stretch of the Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road also formerly known as Uttarapatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads...

, was one of the early hubs of coal mining activity. Coal was found in abundance around Sitarampur in the early years of the 19th century and mining started at this place in a big way. It is located in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman district
Bardhaman District
'Bardhaman district is a district in West Bengal. The headquarter of the district is Bardhaman, though it houses other important industrial towns like Durgapur and Asansol...

 in the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

n state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...

 of West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...

.

Geography

Sitarampur is located at 23.72°N 86.88°E. It has an average elevation of 100 m (328.1 ft).

The Asansol-Durgapur region is composed of undulating latterite soil. This area lies between two mighty rivers – the Damodar
Damodar River
Damodar River originates near Chandwa village, Palamau district, on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in eastern India, and flows eastward for about 592 km through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the estaury of the River Hooghly...

 and the Ajay
Ajay River
The Ajay River is a major river in Jharkhand and West Bengal. The word “Ajay” means “not conquered”.-Geography:The Ajay River originates on a small hill about 300 metres high, south west of Munger in Bihar. It then flows through Jharkhand and enters West Bengal at Simjuri, near Chittaranjan...

. They flow almost parallel to each other in the region – the average distance between the two rivers is around 30 km. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal led to industrialisation of the area and most of the forests have been cleared. At the western fringe of the area the Barakar forms the boundary with Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...

.

Coal mines

Coal in India was first discovered around Sitarampur. The early mines were Baro Dhemo and Sundarchak. Those mines are now defunct and they were closed about eighty years ago after being in operation for about seventy odd years. As those mines started to dry up, new virgin plots were excavated, some of which extended beyond the Damodar River
Damodar River
Damodar River originates near Chandwa village, Palamau district, on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in eastern India, and flows eastward for about 592 km through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the estaury of the River Hooghly...

 into Purulia district and beyond River Barakar into the Nirsa of Dhanbad district in Jharkhand.

One of the deepest mines in Asia, Chinakuri 1 and 2, is located in this region. It is situated 1.2 miles (1.9 km) below the surface and inclines under the Damodar River extending for some 3.5 miles (5.6 km) into Purulia district. This mine boasts of a regular underground train service to ferry workers from the mine shaft to the coal face.

Mines safety

With hectic operations in the mines, accidents occurred frequently leading to loss of life. The government felt the need to regulate the mining process. Directorate of Mines Safety was set up for this purpose. It inspected the mining procedure with firm laws and imposed hard penalties for non-compliance. It resulted in a strong control on accidents and loss of life was reduced. Presently, the zonal office of the Directorate General of Mines Safety is located at Sitarampur.

However, the mining community could not tackle the onslaught of nature, which came in the form of rain and floods. Mines were flooded and people got trapped inside. So a force was formed to help in rescue operations. The Mines Rescue Station was formed at Sitarampur and the mining community was taught what to do in such situations. Being an old mining area it was a pioneer in many fields. The ideas subsequently spread to other areas. Currently, six main rescue stations and eighteen rescue rooms with refresher training facilities have been established and are functioning in various subsidiaries of Coal India Limited.

A small captive explosive manufacturing factory was established at Sitarampur for the supply of dynamite for solid blasting in open cast mines. The unit was in operation from around 1914 to 1935. The reason for the closure of this unit was the supply of dynamite to the revolutionaries who created hell for the ruling British. The authorities relocated the unit at various places far from the mining region and supply was strictly regulated.

Demographics

It mainly consists of Bengali, Gujarati, Marwari and Hindi-speaking people from Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....

 and Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...

.

Economy

Sitarampur is mainly a coal-mining centre, hence many people in Sitarampur and Neamatpur work in the various Coal Mines of Eastern Coalfields Limited. Some People also work in the Office of the Directorate General of Mines Safety and in the Indian Railways. Most of the Marwaris in the town are involved in some Business or the other.

Educational institutions

The Belrui N.G. Institution and Jaladhi Kumari Devi uchcha Balika Bidyalaya are the two most renowned schools in and around Sitarampur. These two schools have produced many board exam Toppers in the Asansol subdivision
Asansol subdivision
Asansol subdivision is a subdivision of the Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. It consists of Asansol municipal corporation, three municipalities and four community development blocs: Barabani, Jamuria, Raniganj and Salanpur. The four blocks contain 35 gram panchayats and 18...

. The Nearest English Medium Schools are St. Patricks High School, St. Vincents School,and Loreto Convent in Asansol
Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the western part of the Burdwan...

 and The Assembly of God Church School at Sodepur. Higher Education facilities like Colleges are not available and one has to go to Asansol
Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the western part of the Burdwan...

 or some other town in the state or outside the state.
In this connection Tagore Institute of Sitarampur deserves special mention, as it marks a landmark of the place, although it now stands in a desolate and dilapidated condition in the western end of the Railway playground. The Tagore Institute was in the past a hub of cultural activities, and dramatic performances and cinema shows used to be staged on festival seasons. Seasonal games of football and cricket were played in the playground on regular basis. By the psychological law of association the name of Akhil Memorial Challenge Shield (Now defunct)comes to mind. Durgapuja is held here on a permanent structure erected close to Tagore Institute. There is another playground nearby called "Paltandanga" where circus and sporting activities like cycle race used to be held during winter months. Incidentally, during the Second World War large platoons of American and British soldiers used to set up tents for sojourn in "Paltandanga",hence the name of the ground, in Bengali 'paltan' being the corrupt and distorted form of English word 'platoon'. During the great war Belrui school was used as a temporary storehouse of foodgrains for buffer stock, and classes remained suspended for a pretty long time. Then there is Railway Vidyapith (Primary School) founded in 1954 close to the Rly health centre, which has been subsequently upgraded up to class VIII. As a result of steady expansion of population and urban agglomarization new colony has come up in the area which was previously known as loco colony towards Asansol.

Now Asansol has an Engineering college,which also runs certificate courses.This college is located on the national highway(NH2).

Transport

As movement of coal by trains increased considerably a new railway line, the Grand Chord
Grand Chord
Grand Chord- also known as The Life line of India is a section of the Indian Railways and is one of the two parts of the main Delhi-Howrah route. It acts as a link between Sitarampur, and Mughal Sarai, Uttar Pradesh, and covers a stretch of 450 km...

, was laid from Sitarampur to Mughalsarai. At that time, Sitarampur boasted of the largest steam locomotive shed and the second largest coal moving yard in the country. Now the steam loco shed is gone as steam engines were phased out.

The Howrah-Delhi rail track separates into the Main and Grand Chord lines at Sitarampur and rejoins at Mughalsarai. Hence many important trains on the Howrah - Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

 passes through and have stoppages at Sitarampur.

Some major trains providing stoppage at Sitarampur are Dhanbad
Dhanbad
Dhanbad features climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate and a tropical wet and dry climate. Summer starts from last week of March and ends in mid-June. Peak temperature in summer can reach 47oC. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall...

 - Howrah Coalfield Express and Black-Diamond Express, Kathgodum Express, Mithila Express etc. Many local and passenger trains connect Sitarampur with Dhanbad
Dhanbad
Dhanbad features climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate and a tropical wet and dry climate. Summer starts from last week of March and ends in mid-June. Peak temperature in summer can reach 47oC. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall...

, Gomoh
Gomoh
Gomoh is a census town in Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is a major railway junction situated on the Grand Chord Line under Dhanbad division of the East Central Railway...

, Chittaranjan
Chittaranjan
Chittaranjan is a census town in Asansol subdivision of Burdwan District in the state of West Bengal, India. This is famous for Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, a Indian Government railway factory.-Geography:...

, Asansol
Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the western part of the Burdwan...

 and Bardhaman
Bardhaman
'Bardhaman or Burdwan , is a city of West Bengal state in eastern India. It is the headquarters of Bardhaman District....

 and to Madhupur
Madhupur
Madhupur is a city and a municipality in Deoghar district in the Indian state of JharkhandIt has a crockery factory named La Opala.Ltd which is only one of it's own types in India .-Geography:Madhupur is located at . It has an average elevation of...

 & Deoghar in Deoghar district
Deoghar District
Deoghar district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India, and Deoghar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district is known for the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga shrine...

 of Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...

 and various other parts of Jharkhand and Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....

.

Road connectivity to Sitarampur is provided through the Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road also formerly known as Uttarapatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads...

 which passes through the adjacent town of Neamatpur
Neamatpur
Neamatpur is a town in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is around from Barakar and around from Asansol . It is under the Kulti Police Station and under the Kulti Municipality.-Geography:...

. One can go to Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...

, Durgapur, Asansol
Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the western part of the Burdwan...

, Barakar
Barakar
Barakar is a town in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal. It is situated at the border of the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The Grand Trunk Road passes through Barakar. The town is located on the banks of Barakar River....

 and Dhanbad
Dhanbad
Dhanbad features climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate and a tropical wet and dry climate. Summer starts from last week of March and ends in mid-June. Peak temperature in summer can reach 47oC. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall...

 easily travelling by the Grand Trunk Road. One can also go to Purulia
Purulia
Purulia , also spelled Puruliya, also known as "Manbhum City", is a city located in West Bengal state, India, and was constituted in 1876. It is the location of the district headquarters of Purulia district. Purulia is located on the north of the Kasai river and is a major road and railway...

 via Dishergarh
Dishergarh
Dishergarh is a town under the Kulti Police Station in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal. It is situated at the border of the Puruliya district and Bardhaman district in West Bengal. The Purulia - Barakar State Highway passes through Dishergarh...

 and to Chittaranjan
Chittaranjan
Chittaranjan is a census town in Asansol subdivision of Burdwan District in the state of West Bengal, India. This is famous for Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, a Indian Government railway factory.-Geography:...

 after reaching the Grand Trunk Road at Neamatpur.

Regular Minibus services are available from Asansol, Barakar, Chittaranjan and Dishergarh. All the mini buses provide a stoppage at Neamatpur
Neamatpur
Neamatpur is a town in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is around from Barakar and around from Asansol . It is under the Kulti Police Station and under the Kulti Municipality.-Geography:...

. Some Express and Long Distance Government Buses also provide a stoppage at Neamatpur.

Media & Public Utility Services

Sitarampur Post Office is one of the Oldest in Asansol subdivision
Asansol subdivision
Asansol subdivision is a subdivision of the Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. It consists of Asansol municipal corporation, three municipalities and four community development blocs: Barabani, Jamuria, Raniganj and Salanpur. The four blocks contain 35 gram panchayats and 18...

. The Post Office is of Great Importance for the common people of Sitarampur and Neamatpur.

Medical facilities are provided in the town mainly by a Health Centre run by the Indian Railways. There are a few small private operated Nursing Homes in Neamatpur. For availing better Medical Facilities, one has to go to Asansol
Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the western part of the Burdwan...

.

Sitarampur also has Banking Services with branches of nationalized banks such as State Bank of India
State Bank of India
The State Bank of India is the largest Indian banking and financial services company with its headquarters in Mumbai, India. It is state-owned. The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding in 1806 of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest...

, Bank of India
Bank of India
Bank of India is a state-owned commercial bank with headquarters in Mumbai. Government-owned since nationalization in 1969, It is India's 4th largest bank, after State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda. It has 3415 branches, including 29 branches outside India...

 and The Burdwan Central Co-operative Bank. All these Banks are located in the adjacent Neamatpur. The SBI
State Bank of India
The State Bank of India is the largest Indian banking and financial services company with its headquarters in Mumbai, India. It is state-owned. The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding in 1806 of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest...

 also provides ATM
Automated teller machine
An automated teller machine or automatic teller machine, also known as a Cashpoint , cash machine or sometimes a hole in the wall in British English, is a computerised telecommunications device that provides the clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public...

 facility to its customers.
There is also an ATM counter of Axis Bank
Axis Bank
Axis Bank Limited, formerly UTI Bank, is a financial services firm that had begun operations in 1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established...

 and HDFC Bank
HDFC Bank
HDFC Bank Limited is a major Indian financial services company based in India, incorporated in August 1994, after the Reserve Bank of India allowed establishing private sector banks. The Bank was promoted by the Housing Development Finance Corporation, a premier housing finance company of India...

 in the locality.

Telephone
Telephone
The telephone , colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sounds, usually the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other...

 Services are also available . Landline telephone services are provided mainly by BSNL.
Mobile phone services are provided by BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone
Vodafone Essar
Vodafone Essar, formerly Hutchison Essar, is a cellular operator in India that covers 23 telecom circles in India. It is based in Mumbai. On July 2011, Vodafone Group agreed terms for the buy-out of its partner Essar from its Indian mobile phone business. The UK firm paid $5.46 billion to its...

, Aircel
Aircel
Aircel group is a mobile phone service provider in India. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India. The Aircel group is a joint venture between Maxis Communications Berhad of Malaysia and Sindya Securities & Investments Private Limited, whose current...

, Reliance Communications
Reliance Communications
Reliance Communications Ltd. is an Indian broadband and telecommunications company headquartered in Navi Mumbai, India. RCOM is the world's 16th largest mobile phone operator with over 144 million subscribers. Established on 2004, a subsidiary of the Reliance Group...

, Tata Indicom
Tata Indicom
Tata Teleservices Limited is a Indian broadband and telecommunications provider based in Mumbai, India. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group, an Indian conglomerate...

 and MTS.

Idea
Idea cellular
Idea Cellular, usually referred to as Idea, is an Indian wireless telecom company based in Mumbai, India. Idea is the 3rd largest mobile services operator in India, in revenue terms, and recorded of over 98.4 million customers as of August 2011....

, Tata Docomo
Tata DoCoMo
TATA DoCoMo, referred to as DoCoMo , is a Tata Teleservices Limited owned cellular service provider on the GSM and CDMA platform-arising out of the Tata Group's strategic joint venture with Japanese telecom giant NTT Docomo in November 2008...

 and Uninor
Uninor
Uninor is a mobile operator in India. The company holds Unified Access Service licences to offer mobile telephony services in each of India’s 22 telecom circles, and has received spectrum to roll out services in 21 of these...

 have also started their cellular services in recent times .

Bengali language newspapers like Anandabazar Patrika
Anandabazar Patrika
Anandabazar Patrika is an Indian Bengali language daily newspaper published in Kolkata, New Delhi and Mumbai by the ABP Group. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 1.28 million copies making it the largest circulation for a single-edition, regional language...

, Bartaman
Bartaman
Bartaman Patrika is an Indian Bengali language daily newspaper published in Kolkata by Bartaman Pvt. Ltd. Apart from the Kolkata edition, the newspaper has four other simultaneous editions, published daily from four major towns of West Bengal -- Siliguri, Burdwan, Malda and Midnapore...

, Sangbad Pratidin
Sangbad Pratidin
Sangbad Pratidin is an Indian Bengali newspaper published from Kolkata, India. It started publishing from 9 August 1992, owned by Swapan Sadhan Basu....

 and Aajkaal
Aajkaal
Aajkaal is a Bengali newspapers in Kolkata, India. The newspaper was started in 1981 by Abhik Kumar Ghosh, and was part of the transformation of the Indian newspaper industry in the 1980s...

 and English language newspapers like The Times of India
The Times of India
The Times of India is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. TOI has the largest circulation among all English-language newspaper in the world, across all formats . It is owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd...

, Hindustan Times
Hindustan Times
Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924 with roots in the Indian independence movement of the period ....

, The Statesman
The Statesman
The Statesman is an Indian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper founded in 1875 and published simultaneously in Kolkata, New Delhi, Siliguri and Bhubaneswar. The Statesman is owned by The Statesman Ltd., its headquarters at Statesman House, Chowringhee Square, Calcutta and its national...

, The Telegraph
The Telegraph (Kolkata)
The Telegraph is an Indian daily newspaper founded and continuously published in Kolkata since 1982. It is published by the ABP Group and the newspaper vies with the Times of India for the position of having the widest widest circulation of any newspaper in Eastern India.According to the Audit...

 and Asian Age
Asian Age
The Asian Age is an Indian daily newspaper with editions in four major cities in India and one in London. The newspaper was launched in February 1994, simultaneously in Delhi, Mumbai and London. At present, it has editions in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore and London. The Asian Age brings out...

 are available. Some Hindi language newspapers like Dainik Jagran
Dainik Jagran
Dainik Jagran is a Hindi language daily broadsheet newspaper in India. According to the IRS Q1 2010, Dainik Jagran ranks No. 1 among the dailies with a Total Readership of 54,254,000.-Overview:...

, Prabhat Khabar
Prabhat Khabar
Prabhat Khabar is a Hindi language newspaper published daily in Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal. The newspaper is circulated in several states in India, including Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and some part of Orissa. It was founded in August 1984 in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand...

 and Sanmarg also available.

Internet facilities are also available and provided mainly through BSNL broadband
Broadband
The term broadband refers to a telecommunications signal or device of greater bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual signal or device . Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times...

 services. People also use the dial-up internet connections provided by BSNL and by the private operators such as Airtel, Reliance Communications
Reliance Communications
Reliance Communications Ltd. is an Indian broadband and telecommunications company headquartered in Navi Mumbai, India. RCOM is the world's 16th largest mobile phone operator with over 144 million subscribers. Established on 2004, a subsidiary of the Reliance Group...

, Aircel
Aircel
Aircel group is a mobile phone service provider in India. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India. The Aircel group is a joint venture between Maxis Communications Berhad of Malaysia and Sindya Securities & Investments Private Limited, whose current...

 and Tata Indicom
Tata Indicom
Tata Teleservices Limited is a Indian broadband and telecommunications provider based in Mumbai, India. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group, an Indian conglomerate...

.

People in the town receive to two private FM radio stations: Big FM
Big FM
92.7 BIG FM is a nationwide private FM radio station in India owned by Indian businessman Anil Ambani. It broadcasts at 92.7 MHz ....

 92.7 and Red FM
Red FM
The name Red FM refers to more than one radio station:* Red FM , a commercial radio network covering the remote areas of Western Australia* Red FM , an Indian radio brand with stations broadcasting at 93.5 MHz across the country...

 93.5 which are broadcast from Asansol. All India Radio
All India Radio
All India Radio , officially known since 1956 as Akashvani , is the radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati. Established in 1936, it is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster. All India Radio is one of the largest radio networks...

 is also available. Cable TV is popular among the people of Sitarampur and Neamatpur
Neamatpur
Neamatpur is a town in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is around from Barakar and around from Asansol . It is under the Kulti Police Station and under the Kulti Municipality.-Geography:...

 and operated by the local operators. DTH (Direct To Home) of all major companies are available.
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