Rougemont, Switzerland
Encyclopedia
Rougemont is a municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...

 in the Pays-d'Enhaut of the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...

 of Vaud
Vaud
Vaud is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and is located in Romandy, the French-speaking southwestern part of the country. The capital is Lausanne. The name of the Canton in Switzerland's other languages are Vaud in Italian , Waadt in German , and Vad in Romansh.-History:Along the lakes,...

 in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

.

History

Rougemont is first mentioned in 1115 as Rubeus Mons and Rogemot. The name of the village also appears in various forms in medieval chronicles: Rubeimontis, Rogemont, Rubeo monte, Rogo mons, and Rojomont. The name stems from the red rock outcroppings north of the village. The site was probably first settled by a religious order coming from Cluny
Cluny
Cluny or Clungy is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France. It is 20 km northwest of Mâcon.The town grew up around the Benedictine Cluny Abbey, founded by Duke William I of Aquitaine in 910...

 in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

, which had received the land in 1080 from the Count of Gruyère. In 1569, the priory was replaced by the château of Rougemont, which became the residence of the bailiffs of Bern, who succeeded the Count of Gruyère. The area became part of the canton of Vaud in 1798.

The late Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, whom she married on 29 July 1981, and an international charity and fundraising figure, as well as a preeminent celebrity of the late 20th century...

 lived for some time at the city, in the late 1970s and studied at a Finishing School there.

Geography

Rougemont has an area, , of 48.5 square kilometre. Of this area, 23.19 square kilometre or 47.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.54 square kilometre or 34.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.31 square kilometre or 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.2 square kilometre or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 7.31 square kilometre or 15.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.0%. Out of the forested land, 28.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 7.4% is pastures and 40.4% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 9.1% is unproductive vegetation and 5.9% is too rocky for vegetation.

The municipality was part of the Pays-d'Enhaut District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Rougemont became part of the new district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut.

Rougemont is located in the Pays d'Enhaut (high country) of the canton of Vaud, high in the Alps
Swiss Alps
The Swiss Alps are the portion of the Alps mountain range that lies within Switzerland. Because of their central position within the entire Alpine range, they are also known as the Central Alps....

. The territory of the municipality is largely forested and mountainous. It is located next to the river going down the valley.

The municipality abuts the cantons of Bern and Fribourg. It is at the crossroads of the Bulle
Bulle
Bulle is a municipality in the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. In January 2006 Bulle incorporated the formerly independent municipality of La Tour-de-Trême.-History:...

-Montbovon, and Aigle
Aigle
Aigle is the capital of the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The town has a population of 8,100 people.The name of this municipality in French means eagle.-Geography:...

-Thun
Thun
Thun is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland with about 42,136 inhabitants , as of 1 January 2006....

 roads. To reach Aigle and the valley of the Rhone
Rhône
Rhone can refer to:* Rhone, one of the major rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France* Rhône Glacier, the source of the Rhone River and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the canton of Valais in Switzerland...

, the road crosses Col des Mosses
Col des Mosses
Col des Mosses is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps at Les Mosses in the canton of Vaud, linking Aigle to Château-d'Œx.The Alpine Pass Route hiking trail passes through Col des Mosses on the way to Montreux.-See also:...

. To reach Thun and the valley of the Aare, the road crosses Saanenmöser Pass
Saanenmöser Pass
Saanenmöser is a high mountain pass in the Bernese Oberland in the Alps in Switzerland.It connects Zweisimmen and Saanen.The Montreux-Oberland Bernois Railway also crosses the pass. It is the highest point on the line.-See also:...

.

Rougemont stretches along the banks of the Sarine. The following valleys are part of the municipality: Les Ciernes-Picats, La Manche, and Les Fenils. It consists of the villages of Rougemont and Flendruz and numerous hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...

 including Le Vanel and Ciernes-Picat.

Demographics

Rougemont has a population of . , 25.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -3.3%. It has changed at a rate of -0.2% due to migration and at a rate of -3% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

 (659 or 73.1%), with German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 being second most common (150 or 16.6%) and English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 being third (34 or 3.8%). There are 12 people who speak Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

.

The age distribution, , in Rougemont is; 76 children or 8.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 78 teenagers or 8.6% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 97 people or 10.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 110 people or 12.1% are between 30 and 39, 139 people or 15.3% are between 40 and 49, and 117 people or 12.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 137 people or 15.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 86 people or 9.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 59 people or 6.5% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 11 people or 1.2% who are 90 and older.

, there were 311 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 468 married individuals, 73 widows or widowers and 49 individuals who are divorced.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.53 which is less people per room than the cantonal average of 0.61 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 57.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...

 or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 409 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. There were 153 households that consist of only one person and 17 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 424 households that answered this question, 36.1% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 118 married couples without children, 102 married couples with children There were 29 single parents with a child or children. There were 6 households that were made up of unrelated people and 15 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 281 single family homes (or 52.3% of the total) out of a total of 537 inhabited buildings. There were 159 multi-family buildings (29.6%), along with 69 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (12.8%) and 28 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.2%).

, a total of 393 apartments (39.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 547 apartments (55.0%) were seasonally occupied and 55 apartments (5.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 5.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.14%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance

The Swiss Reformed
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...

 Church of Saint-Nicolas de Myre is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance
Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...

. Both the village of Rougemont and the hamlet of Flendruz are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...

.

Architecture

The village is built essentially on a single east-west axis, with houses on both sides of the street facing south to catch the sun. There is room for flower and vegetable gardens. All the houses are typical chalets, which are very close to one another; sometimes their roofs touch. Some of the homes are over 300 years old.

The former priory chapel of Saint-Nicolas is now a Protestant church. The church is in the form of a cross and has retained some of its romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...

 elements. It was remodeled between 1585 and 1587, when the choir was replaced with three semi-circular apse
Apse
In architecture, the apse is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome...

s. The roof in the typical style of the Bernese Oberland
Bernese Oberland
The Bernese Oberland is the higher part of the canton of Bern, Switzerland, in the southern end of the canton: The area around Lake Thun and Lake Brienz, and the valleys of the Bernese Alps .The flag of the Bernese Oberland consists of a black eagle in a gold field The Bernese Oberland (Bernese...

 dates from the 17th century.

Next to the church stands the château of Rougemont, which was built in 1572 and remodeled between 1756 and 1759. It has a tower and an inner court. The church, the château, and the remaining city wall are designated historic buildings.

Politics

In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...

 the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...

 which received 40.46% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 (22.35%), the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (13.04%) and the LPS Party
Liberal Party of Switzerland
The Liberal Party of Switzerland was a party with economically liberal policies. It was known as a party of the upper class. On 1 January 2009 it merged with the larger Free Democratic Party to establish FDP.The Liberals....

 (9.65%). In the federal election, a total of 186 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...

 was 31.2%.

Economy

Until the end of the 19th century, the area was essentially agricultural, with the dairy industry predominant. The arrival of hotels was greatly furthered by the first railway, the Montreux-Oberland Bernois
Montreux-Oberland Bernois
The Montreux-Oberland Bernois railway , is a railway operating in southwest Switzerland, one of the oldest electric railways in the country; its main line, in length, built to gauge, connects Montreux, Gstaad and Zweisimmen where passengers can transfer to a branch of the standard gauge...

, which reached Rougemont in 1905.

The situation of the municipality on the Golden Pass railway line between Château-d'Oex and Gstaad
Gstaad
Gstaad is a village in the German-speaking section of the Canton of Berne in southwestern Switzerland. Part of the municipality of Saanen, Gstaad is known as one of the most exclusive ski resorts in the world....

, both well-known ski resorts, helped to bring Rougemont out of its isolation and make it a tourist destination in its own right.

Most of the land of the municipality is in agriculture or forest, some 100 hectares being owned by the municipality.

, Rougemont had an unemployment rate of 2.7%. , there were 79 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 36 businesses involved in this sector. 70 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 18 businesses in this sector. 145 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 44 businesses in this sector. There were 425 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.6% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent , is a unit to measure employed persons or students in a way that makes them comparable although they may work or study a different number of hours per week. FTE is often used to measure a worker's involvement in a project, or to track cost reductions in an organization...

 jobs was 243. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 59, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 66 of which 29 or (43.9%) were in manufacturing and 37 (56.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 118. In the tertiary sector; 40 or 33.9% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 12 or 10.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 21 or 17.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 13 or 11.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 3 or 2.5% were in education and 2 or 1.7% were in health care.

, there were 78 workers who commuted into the municipality and 174 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 6.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 58.4% used a private car.

Local Economy

The town is largely self sufficient with a Proxy(grocery store,) a bakery, a tourist information office and multiple other stores including restaurants and two antique stores.

Religion

From the , 148 or 16.4% were Roman Catholic, while 527 or 58.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 8 members of an Orthodox church
Orthodox Christianity
The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to:* the Eastern Orthodox Church and its various geographical subdivisions...

 (or about 0.89% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church
Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
The Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland is the Swiss member church of the Union of Utrecht, also known as Old Catholic Church, originally founded by the jansenists, with a later influx of discontented Catholics following their disappointment with the First Vatican Council. It has 14,000...

, and there were 16 individuals (or about 1.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...

, and 11 (or about 1.22% of the population) who were Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

ic. There were 4 individuals who were Buddhist
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

. 132 (or about 14.65% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....

 or atheist
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...

, and 61 individuals (or about 6.77% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Rougemont about 312 or (34.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 106 or (11.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...

). Of the 106 who completed tertiary schooling, 46.2% were Swiss men, 17.0% were Swiss women, 22.6% were non-Swiss men and 14.2% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 72 students in the Rougemont school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 817 children of which 456 children (55.8%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 35 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 32 students in those schools. There were also 5 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

Rougemont is home to 1 museum, the Musée des minéraux et fossiles de Rougemont. In 2009 it was visited by 226 visitors (the average in previous years was 581).

, there were 19 students in Rougemont who came from another municipality, while 70 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
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