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Robert Mueller

 
Robert Mueller

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Robert Mueller



 
 
Robert Swan Mueller III (born August 7, 1944) is the current Director of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the primary unit in the United States United States Department of Justice, serving as both a Law enforcement agency body and a domestic intelligence agency....
.

ler was born in 1944 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
 to Alice C. Truesdale and Robert Swan Mueller. He grew up outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
. A 1962 graduate of St. Paul's School
St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)

St. Paul's School is a private, college-University-preparatory school, coeducational boarding school in Concord, New Hampshire, New Hampshire affiliated with the Episcopal Church in the United States of America....
, he went on to graduate from Princeton University
Princeton University

Princeton University is a private university university located in Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League and has the largest per-student Financial endowment in the world....
 in 1966, earned a master's degree in international relations
International relations

International relations represents the study of foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system, including the roles of states, international organization , non-governmental organizations , and multinational corporations ....
 at New York University
New York University

New York University is a private university, nonsectarian, research university in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan....
 in 1967, and obtained his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law
University of Virginia School of Law

The University of Virginia School of Law was founded in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson as one of the original subjects taught at his "academical village," the University of Virginia....
.

r to earning his law degree, Mueller joined the United States Marine Corps
United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing Military power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver Marine Air-Ground Task Force....
, where he served as an officer for three years, leading a rifle platoon of the 3rd Marine Division during the Vietnam War
Vietnam War

The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina Wars, the Vietnam Conflict, or often in Vietnam the American War occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959 to April 30, 1975....
.






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Robert Swan Mueller III (born August 7, 1944) is the current Director of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the primary unit in the United States United States Department of Justice, serving as both a Law enforcement agency body and a domestic intelligence agency....
.

Early life

Mueller was born in 1944 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
 to Alice C. Truesdale and Robert Swan Mueller. He grew up outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
. A 1962 graduate of St. Paul's School
St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)

St. Paul's School is a private, college-University-preparatory school, coeducational boarding school in Concord, New Hampshire, New Hampshire affiliated with the Episcopal Church in the United States of America....
, he went on to graduate from Princeton University
Princeton University

Princeton University is a private university university located in Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League and has the largest per-student Financial endowment in the world....
 in 1966, earned a master's degree in international relations
International relations

International relations represents the study of foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system, including the roles of states, international organization , non-governmental organizations , and multinational corporations ....
 at New York University
New York University

New York University is a private university, nonsectarian, research university in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan....
 in 1967, and obtained his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law
University of Virginia School of Law

The University of Virginia School of Law was founded in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson as one of the original subjects taught at his "academical village," the University of Virginia....
.

Military service

Prior to earning his law degree, Mueller joined the United States Marine Corps
United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing Military power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver Marine Air-Ground Task Force....
, where he served as an officer for three years, leading a rifle platoon of the 3rd Marine Division during the Vietnam War
Vietnam War

The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina Wars, the Vietnam Conflict, or often in Vietnam the American War occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959 to April 30, 1975....
. He is a recipient of the Bronze Star
Bronze Star Medal

The Bronze Star Medal is a Military of the United States individual Awards and decorations of the United States military which may be awarded for bravery, acts of merit, or meritorious service....
, two Navy Commendation Medals, the Purple Heart
Purple Heart

The Purple Heart is a United States Awards and decorations of the United States military awarded in the name of the President of the United States to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after April 5, 1917 with the Military of the United States....
 and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry.

Law work

Following his military service, Mueller earned a Juris Doctor
Juris Doctor

Juris Doctor is a first professional degree graduate degree and professional doctorate in law degree. The degree was first awarded by Harvard University in the United States in the late 19th century as a degree similar to the old European doctor of law degree and the legal studies counterpart to the M.D....
 (J.D.) degree from the University of Virginia
University of Virginia

The University of Virginia is a public university research university located in Charlottesville, Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson. Conceived by 1800 and established in 1819, it is the only university in the United States to be designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, an honor it shares with nearby Monticello....
 in 1973 and served on the Law Review
Law review

A law review is a scholarly journal focusing on legal issues, normally published by an organization of students at a law school or through a bar association....
. After completing his education, Mueller worked as a litigator in San Francisco until 1976.

He then served for 12 years in United States Attorney
United States Attorney

United States Attorneys represent the United States Federal government of the United States in United States district court and United States court of appeals....
 offices. He first worked in the office of the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California
U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California

The United States Attorney for the Northern District of California is the United States Attorney responsible for representing the Federal government of the United States in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California....
 in San Francisco, where he rose to be chief of the criminal division, and in 1982, he moved to Boston to work in the office of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts
United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts

The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts is the United States District Court whose jurisdiction is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA....
 as Assistant United States Attorney, where he investigated and prosecuted major financial fraud, terrorism and public corruption cases, as well as narcotics conspiracies and international money launderers.

After serving as a partner at the Boston law firm of Hill and Barlow
Hill and Barlow

Hill & Barlow was a law firm in Boston, Massachusetts that dissolved in 2002. Founded in 1895, the firm had been one of the city's oldest and most elite firms, and was also the 12th largest in Boston at the time of its dissolution, employing 145 lawyers....
, Mueller was again called to public service. In 1989, he served in the United States Department of Justice
United States Department of Justice

The United States Department of Justice is a United States Cabinet department in the United States government of the United States designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans ....
 as an assistant to Attorney General
United States Attorney General

The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the government of the United States....
 Dick Thornburgh
Dick Thornburgh

Richard Lewis "Dick" Thornburgh is a lawyer and United States Republican Party politician who served as the Governor of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1987, and then as the U.S....
. The following year he took charge of its criminal division. During his tenure, he oversaw prosecutions that included Panama
Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
nian leader Manuel Noriega
Manuel Noriega

Manuel Antonio Noriega is a former Panamanian general and the military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989. He was never officially the president of Panama, but held the post of "chief executive officer" for a brief period in 1989....
, the Pan Am Flight 103
Pan Am Flight 103

Pan Am Flight 103 was Pan American World Airways' third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from London's Heathrow International Airport to New York's John F....
 (Lockerbie bombing) case, and the Gambino crime family
Gambino crime family

The Gambino crime family is one of the "Five Families" that controls organized crime activities based in New York City, United States, within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the Mafia ....
 boss
Crime boss

A crime boss or boss is a person in charge of a criminal organization. A boss typically has unquestioned command over his subordinates, is greatly feared by his subordinates for his ruthlessness and willingness to take lives in order to exert his influence, and profits come from the criminal endeavors his organization engages in....
 John Gotti
John Gotti

John Joseph Gotti, Jr. was the crime boss of the Gambino crime family after the murder of the previous boss Paul Castellano. He became widely known for his outspoken personality and flamboyant style that eventually caused his downfall....
. In 1991, he was elected a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers
American College of Trial Lawyers

The American College of Trial Lawyers is a professional trial organization composed of trial lawyers from the United States and Canada. Founded in 1950, the College is dedicated to maintaining and improving the standards of trial practice, the administration of justice and the ethics of the profession....
.

In 1993, Mueller became a partner at Boston's Hale and Dorr, specializing in complex white-collar crime
White-collar crime

Within the field of criminology, white-collar crime has been defined by Edwin Sutherland as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" ....
 litigation. He returned to public service in 1995 as senior litigator in the homicide section of the District of Columbia United States Attorney's Office. In 1998, Mueller was named U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California
U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California

The United States Attorney for the Northern District of California is the United States Attorney responsible for representing the Federal government of the United States in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California....
 and held that position until 2001.

FBI appointment

Mueller was nominated for the position of FBI Director on July 5, 2001. He and two other candidates were up for the job at the time, but he was always considered the front runner. Washington lawyer George J. Terwilliger III
George J. Terwilliger III

George J. Terwilliger III is an American lawyer and politician. He is a partner in the Washington, D.C. office of White & Case LLP and is a former United States Deputy Attorney General and acting United States Attorney General....
 and veteran Chicago prosecutor and white-collar defense lawyer Dan Webb were up for the job but both pulled out from consideration around mid-June. Confirmation hearings for Mueller, in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee
United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary

The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary is a standing committee of the United States Senate, the upper house of the United States Congress....
, were quickly set for July 30, only three days before his prostate cancer surgery. The vote on the Senate floor on August 2, 2001 passed unanimously, 98-0. He then served as Acting Deputy Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice for several months, before officially becoming the FBI Director on September 4, 2001, just one week before the September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States.

Domestic wiretapping investigation

Director Robert Mueller along with the then Acting Attorney General James B. Comey
James B. Comey

James B. Comey, Jr. was United States Deputy Attorney General of the United States, serving in President George W. Bush's administration. As Deputy Attorney General, Comey became the second-highest ranking official in the United States Department of Justice and ran the day-to-day operations of the Department, serving in that position from D...
 offered to resign from office in March 2004 if the White House overruled a Department of Justice ruling which concluded that warrantless domestic wiretapping was unconstitutional. Attorney General John D. Ashcroft refused to intervene in attempts by White House chief of Staff Andrew Card
Andrew Card

Andrew Hill "Andy" Card Jr. is a Republican American politician, former United States Cabinet member, and head of President George W. Bush's White House Iraq Group....
 and then White House Counsel Alberto R. Gonzales to waive this ruling and permit the domestic warrantless eavesdropping program to proceed. President Bush ultimately gave his support to making changes to the program on March 12, 2004 thereby defusing a crisis there.

Further reading

  • Graff, Garrett. "", Washingtonian, August 1, 2008.
  • Graff, Garrett. "", Washingtonian, September 1, 2008.