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Rehe , also known as Jehol, is a defunct Chinese
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 province .

was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria
Manchuria

Manchuria is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria either falls entirely within People's Republic of China, or is divided between China and Russia....
, and east of Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
. The capital of Rehe was the city of Chengde
Chengde

Chengde is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Chengde Mountain Resort, a vast imperial garden formerly used by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty....
. The second largest city in the province was Chaoyang, followed by Chifeng
Chifeng

Chifeng is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, and Chaoyang, Liaoning prefecture of Liaoning and Chengde prefecture of Hebei to the south....
. The province covered an area of 114,000 square kilometers.

the seat of the Khitan
Khitan

The history of the Khitans dates back to the 4th century. The Khitan people dominated much of Mongolia, and modern Manchuria by the 10th century under the Liao Dynasty, and eventually collapsed by 1125 ....
-led Liao Dynasty, Rehe was conquered by the Manchu
Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
 in the 17th century and was reserved as imperial pastureland with settlement forbidden to Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
 in the early part of the Qing dynasty.






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Rehe , also known as Jehol, is a defunct Chinese
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 province .

Administration

Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria
Manchuria

Manchuria is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria either falls entirely within People's Republic of China, or is divided between China and Russia....
, and east of Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
. The capital of Rehe was the city of Chengde
Chengde

Chengde is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Chengde Mountain Resort, a vast imperial garden formerly used by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty....
. The second largest city in the province was Chaoyang, followed by Chifeng
Chifeng

Chifeng is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, and Chaoyang, Liaoning prefecture of Liaoning and Chengde prefecture of Hebei to the south....
. The province covered an area of 114,000 square kilometers.

History

Once the seat of the Khitan
Khitan

The history of the Khitans dates back to the 4th century. The Khitan people dominated much of Mongolia, and modern Manchuria by the 10th century under the Liao Dynasty, and eventually collapsed by 1125 ....
-led Liao Dynasty, Rehe was conquered by the Manchu
Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
 in the 17th century and was reserved as imperial pastureland with settlement forbidden to Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
 in the early part of the Qing dynasty. While taking the attributes of Confucianism, Manchus preserved their tradition of movement between the Summer and Winter capitals. While the second was Beijing, Rehe kept the status of the first. North of Rehe, at Mulan, a huge hunting park had been created.

Over time, many Han Chinese settled in Rehe anyway. In the early Republic of China, the area was organized as the Rehe Special Autonomous Mongol Territory in 1914. It was declared the Province of Jehol of the Republic of China in 1923.

Jehol was seized by the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army , or literally Army of Empire of Greater Japan was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945....
 to form a buffer zone
Buffer zone

In geography, a buffer zone is any zone area that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas distant from one another, for whatever reason....
 between China proper and Japanese-controlled Manchukuo
Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. The region was the Qing Dynasty's historical homeland, created by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan in 1932....
 in Operation Nekka beginning on January 21, 1933. It was subsequently annexed to the Empire of Manchukuo, forming the anto
Anto

An anto was an ancient Manchu political administrative term referring to provinces or prefectures. The term was used during the Japanese occupation of Manchuria to name in local terms the provinces of the Manchukuo empire....
 (province) of Rehe.

The seizure of Jehol was one of the most important of many incidents in the 1930s that poisoned relations between Japan and China, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the twentieth century. From 1937 to 1941, it was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan....
.

After the annexation of Manchukuo by the Republic of China
Republic of China

The Republic of China , also known as Nationalist China is a country in East Asia that has evolved from a single-party state with full global recognition into a multi-party democratic state with Political status of Taiwan....
 after the end of World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the Kuomintang
Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China , also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is the founding and the ruling party of the Republic of China ....
 continued to recognize the area as a separate province, reverting its name to Jehol Province, with the capital in Hailar. However, under the administration of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
, in 1955, the area was divided between Hebei
Hebei

For the people of Hebei, see Hebei people is a North China province of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province , a Han Dynasty province that included southern Hebei....
 province, Liaoning
Liaoning

is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
 Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
.