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Properdin
 
 
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Properdin or factor P is a globulin
Globulin

Globulin is one of the two types of blood plasma proteins, the other being serum albumin. This generic term encompasses a heterogeneous series of families of proteins, with larger molecules and less soluble in pure water than albumin, which migrate less than albumin during Serum protein electrophoresis....
 protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 found in the blood serum
Blood plasma

Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. It is composed of mostly water , and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, Hormone and carbon dioxide ....
 of higher animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
s. In the complement system, an innate-immunity series of proenzymes dissolved in the circulation, it is also called "Factor P".

s known that it participates in some specific immune responses. It plays a part in tissue
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
 inflammation
Inflammation

Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue....
 as well as the engulfing of pathogen
Pathogen

A pathogen , infectious agent, or germ, is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its Host .There are several substrates and pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host; the principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring...
s by phagocyte
Phagocyte

Phagocytes are the cell s that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria and dead or Apoptosis cells. They are essential to fighting infections and subsequent immunity , and move through the blood and tissues of vertebrates, and the hemolymph of invertebrates....
s. In addition it is known to help to neutralize some virus
Virus

A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life....
es.

As a component of the alternative pathway for complement activation (otherwise known as the "properdin pathway"), it complexes with another protein, C3b
C3b

C3b is a one of the elements formed by the cleavage of complement component 3.C3b may bind to microbe cell surfaces within an organism's body....
, to stabilize the alternative C3 convertase (C3bBb) that then cleaves more C3.

The alternative pathway is not dependent on antibodies.






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Encyclopedia


Properdin or factor P is a globulin
Globulin

Globulin is one of the two types of blood plasma proteins, the other being serum albumin. This generic term encompasses a heterogeneous series of families of proteins, with larger molecules and less soluble in pure water than albumin, which migrate less than albumin during Serum protein electrophoresis....
 protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 found in the blood serum
Blood plasma

Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. It is composed of mostly water , and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, Hormone and carbon dioxide ....
 of higher animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
s. In the complement system, an innate-immunity series of proenzymes dissolved in the circulation, it is also called "Factor P".

Function

It is known that it participates in some specific immune responses. It plays a part in tissue
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
 inflammation
Inflammation

Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue....
 as well as the engulfing of pathogen
Pathogen

A pathogen , infectious agent, or germ, is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its Host .There are several substrates and pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host; the principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring...
s by phagocyte
Phagocyte

Phagocytes are the cell s that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria and dead or Apoptosis cells. They are essential to fighting infections and subsequent immunity , and move through the blood and tissues of vertebrates, and the hemolymph of invertebrates....
s. In addition it is known to help to neutralize some virus
Virus

A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life....
es.

As a component of the alternative pathway for complement activation (otherwise known as the "properdin pathway"), it complexes with another protein, C3b
C3b

C3b is a one of the elements formed by the cleavage of complement component 3.C3b may bind to microbe cell surfaces within an organism's body....
, to stabilize the alternative C3 convertase (C3bBb) that then cleaves more C3.

The alternative pathway is not dependent on antibodies. This branch of the complement system is activated by IgA
IGA

IGA may stand for:Acronyms* Islamic Golden Age, also known as the Islamic Renaissance* Irish Games Association* International Gamers Award...
 immune complexes and bacterial endotoxins, polysaccharide
Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides are relatively complex carbohydrates. They are polymers made up of many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. They are therefore very large, often branched, macromolecules....
s, and cell wall
Cell wall

A cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cell . It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism....
s, and results in producing anaphylatoxins, opsonins, chemotactic factors, and the membrane attack complex, all of which help fight pathogens.

History

Properdin was discovered in 1954 by Dr. Louis Pillemer
Louis Pillemer

Louis Pillemer , was an American immunologist, an early investigator of the alternative complement pathway He led a team at Western Reserve University which discovered properdin in 1954,, and this discovery received attention from the national press as a breakthorough in immunology....
 of the Institute of Pathology (now the Department of Pathology at Case Western Reserve University
Case Western Reserve University

Case Western Reserve University is a private research university located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, with some residence halls on the south end of campus located in Cleveland Heights, Ohio....
).

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