Pritchardia
Encyclopedia
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Arecaceae
Arecaceae or Palmae , are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the monocot order Arecales. There are roughly 202 currently known genera with around 2600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates...
) consists of between 24-40 species of fan palms (tribe Corypheae
Corypheae
Corypheae is a tribe of palm trees in the subfamily Coryphoideae. The extinct palm Palaeoraphe is placed into the subtribe Livistoninae....
) found on tropical Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
islands
Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands comprise 20,000 to 30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands are also sometimes collectively called Oceania, although Oceania is sometimes defined as also including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago....
in Fiji
Fiji
Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
, Samoa
Samoa
Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
, Tonga
Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
, Tuamotus
Tuamotus
The Tuamotus or the Tuamotu Archipelago are a chain of islands and atolls in French Polynesia. They form the largest chain of atolls in the world, spanning an area of the Pacific Ocean roughly the size of Western Europe...
, and Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll...
. The generic name honours William Thomas Pritchard
William Thomas Pritchard
William Thomas Pritchard was a British consul and adventurer.Pritchard was born in Papeete, Tahiti, the son of George Pritchard. He was educated in Britain before returning to join his father, the British consul in Samoa. In Samoa, he acquired an exceptional knowledge of the Polynesian language...
(1829-1907), a British consul at Fiji.
Description
These palms vary in height, ranging from 20 to 130 ft (6.1 to 39.6 m). The leaves are fan-shaped (costapalmate) and the trunk columnar, naked, smooth or fibrous, longitudinally grooved, and obscurely ringed by leaf scars. The flowers and subsequent fruit are borne in a terminal cluster with simple or compound branches of an arcuate or pendulous inflorescenceInflorescence
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Strictly, it is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified...
that (in some species) is longer than the leaves.
Species
There are 29 species, of which 19 are endemic to the Hawaiian IslandsHawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll...
, with the remainder on other island
Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands comprise 20,000 to 30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands are also sometimes collectively called Oceania, although Oceania is sometimes defined as also including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago....
groups.
- Pritchardia affinisPritchardia affinisPritchardia affinis is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Wild populations currently exist on the leeward side of the Island of Hawaii. It was most likely cultivated by Native Hawaiians, so its exact native range is uncertain. P. affinis reaches a height of . It is...
Becc.Odoardo BeccariOdoardo Beccari was an Italian naturalist perhaps best known for discovering the titan arum, the plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world, in Sumatra in 1878...
– Hawaii Pritchardia (Island of HawaiiHawaii (island)The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island , is a volcanic island in the North Pacific Ocean...
) - Pritchardia arecina Becc. – Maui Pritchardia (MauiMauiThe island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Lānai, Kahoolawe, and Molokai. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444,...
, Hawaii) - Pritchardia aylmer-robinsoniiPritchardia aylmer-robinsoniiPritchardia aylmer-robinsonii is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the island of Niihau, Hawaii, United States. It inhabits coastal dry forests at an elevation of . P. aylmer-robinsonii reaches a height of and a trunk diameter of . Harold St...
H.St.JohnHarold St. JohnHarold St. John was a professor of botany at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa from 1929 to 1958. A prolific specialist in field botany and systematics, he is credited with discovering about 500 new species of Pandanus, along with many other species, especially in the Pacific Islands.Born in...
(NiihauNiihauNiihau or Niihau is the seventh largest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii, having an area of . Niihau lies southwest of Kauai across the Kaulakahi Channel. Several intermittent playa lakes provide wetland habitats for the Hawaiian Coot, the Black-winged Stilt, and the...
, HawaiiHawaiiHawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
) - Pritchardia beccariana RockJoseph RockJoseph Francis Charles Rock was an Austrian-American explorer, geographer, linguist and botanist.-Life:He was born in Vienna, Austria, but emigrated to the United States in 1905 and moved to Honolulu, Hawaii in 1907, where he eventually became an authority on the flora there...
– Kilauea Pritchardia (Island of Hawaii) - Pritchardia flynnii
- Pritchardia forbesianaPritchardia forbesianaPritchardia forbesiana is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family that is endemic to the island of Maui.-References:* Gemmill, C. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 July 2007....
Rock – Mt. Eke Pritchardia (Maui, Hawaii) - Pritchardia glabrataPritchardia glabrataPritchardia glabrata is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family that is endemic to the island of Maui.-References:* Gemmill, C. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 July 2007....
Becc. & Rock (Maui, Hawaii) - Pritchardia hardyiPritchardia hardyiMakaleha Pritchardia is a species of palm tree that is endemic to moist forests on the island of Kauai at elevations below . The trunk of this fast-growing species reaches a height of , with a diameter of . Its leaves are in length. As of 1998 only 30 individuals remained in the wild along a...
Rock – Makaleha Pritchardia (KauaiKauaiKauai or Kauai, known as Tauai in the ancient Kaua'i dialect, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of , it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the 21st largest island in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle",...
, Hawaii) - Pritchardia hillebrandii (Kuntze) Becc. (Native range uncertain, but believed to be MolokaiMolokaiMolokai or Molokai is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles in size with a land area of , making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of...
, Hawaii) - Pritchardia kaalaePritchardia kaalaePritchardia kaalae is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the western part of the island of Oahu in Hawaii. It grows near springs in the dry forests on the Waianae Range at elevations up to . This slow growing species reaches a height of , with a trunk diameter of . As of 1998 there were...
Rock – Waianae Range Pritchardia (OahuOahuOahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast...
, Hawaii) - Pritchardia lanaiensisPritchardia lanaiensisPritchardia lanaiensis, the Lānai Pritchardia, is a species of fan palm that is endemic to Hawaii in the United States. It can only be found on the island of Lānai....
Becc. & Rock – Lānai Pritchardia (LānaiLanaiLānai or Lanai is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is also known as the Pineapple Island because of its past as an island-wide pineapple plantation. The only town is Lānai City, a small settlement....
, Hawaii) - Pritchardia lanigeraPritchardia lanigeraPritchardia lanigera is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family that is endemic to the island of Hawaii. It inhabits ridges, gulch sides, and gentle slopes in wet forests from sea level to .P. lanigera reaches a height of and a trunk diameter of .It is threatened by habitat loss....
Becc. (Island of Hawaii) - Pritchardia limahuliensisPritchardia limahuliensisPritchardia limahuliensis is a palm native to Hawaii. It is a rare species, only discovered in 1977 by staff of the National Tropical Botanical Garden in the Limahuli Garden and Preserve, Kauai, Hawaii, where it is now being conserved...
H.St.John (Kauai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia lowreyanaPritchardia lowreyanaPritchardia lowreyana, the Molokai Pritchardia, is a species of fan palm that is endemic to Hawaii in the United States. It is found in mixed mesic and wet forests on the island of Molokai. P. lowreyana reaches a height of , and normally grows in gulches and on cliffs....
Rock – Molokai Pritchardia (Molokai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia maideniana (Unknown origin, possibly Fiji or Tonga)
- Pritchardia martii (Gaud.) H.Wendl – Koolau Range pritchardia (syn. P. gaudichaudii) (Oahu, Hawaii)
- Pritchardia minorPritchardia minorPritchardia minor, the Alakai Swamp Pritchardia or Loulu, is a palm native to Hawaii. It grows in wet forests in the centre of Kauai at an elevation of about .-Description:...
Becc. – Alakai Swamp Pritchardia (Kauai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia mitiaroana Dransfield & Ehrhardt (MitiaroMitiaroMitiaro, the fourth island in the Cook Islands group, is of volcanic origin. Standing in water 14,750 feet deep it is four miles across at its widest point.-Geography:...
, Cook IslandsCook IslandsThe Cook Islands is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand...
) - Pritchardia munroiPritchardia munroiPritchardia munroi, the Kamalo Pritchardia, is a species of fan palm that is endemic to Hawaii in the United States. It is found in dry forests on the eastern side of the island of Molokai. The specific epithet, refers to James Monro, the manager of the Molokai Ranch at the time of its discovery...
Rock – Kamalo Pritchardia (Molokai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia napaliensisPritchardia napaliensisPritchardia napaliensis is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the island of Kauai in Hawaii, United States. It inhabits gulch slopes in coastal mesic forests on the Nā Pali coastline, especially in the vicinity of Hooluu Valley. P. napaliensis reaches a height of and a trunk diameter of ....
H.St.John (Kauai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia pacificaPritchardia pacificaPritchardia pacifica is a tree from the Arecaceae family, native to Tonga now also found elsewhere including in Fiji and Samoa. Commonly known as the Fiji fan palm after one of its uses, it can grow to a height of ten metres. The flowers are of a yellow green colour and the fruits are brown....
Seem. & H.Wendl. (FijiFijiFiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
, TongaTongaTonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
, SamoaSamoaSamoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
) - Pritchardia pericularum
- Pritchardia perlmaniiPritchardia perlmaniiPritchardia perlmanii is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the island of Kauai in Hawaii, United States. It inhabits lowland mesic forests in the Waioli Valley at an elevation of . P. perlmanii reaches a height of and a trunk diameter of ....
Gemmill (Kauai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia remotaPritchardia remotaPritchardia remota is a species of palm endemic on the island of Nihoa, Hawaii, and later transplanted to the island of Laysan. It is a smaller tree than most other species of Pritchardia, typically reaching only tall and with a trunk diameter of . It is the only type of tree on the island and...
Becc. – Nihoa Pritchardia (NihoaNihoaNihoa , also known as Bird Island or Moku Manu, is the largest and tallest of ten islands and atolls in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands . The island is located at the southern end of the NWHI chain, southeast of Necker Island...
, Hawaii) - Pritchardia schattaueriPritchardia schattaueriGiant Pritchardia is a species of palm tree that is endemic to mixed mesic forests on the southwestern part of island of Hawaii, near Kona. This species reaches an incredible height of , with a trunk diameter of . The 30 leaves are long and have petioles. It grows at elevations of , where it...
Hodel – Giant Pritchardia (Island of Hawaii) - Pritchardia thurstoniiPritchardia thurstoniiPritchardia thurstonii is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family.It is endemic to Fiji, in particular the Lau Islands.It is threatened by habitat loss....
F.Muell.Ferdinand von MuellerBaron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, KCMG was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist.-Early life:...
& DrudeCarl Georg Oscar DrudeCarl Georg Oscar Drude was a German botanist.- References :...
(Fiji) - Pritchardia viscosaPritchardia viscosaPritchardia viscosa is an extremely rare endangered species of Pritchardia palm that is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai....
Becc. – Stickybud Pritchardia (Kauai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia vuylstekeana
- Pritchardia waialealeanaPritchardia waialealeanaPritchardia waialealeana is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the island of Kauai in Hawaii, United States. It inhabits wet forests on the slopes of Mount Waialeale at elevations of . P. waialealeana, is a large palm, reaching a height of more than ....
R.W.Read (Kauai, Hawaii) - Pritchardia woodfordianaPritchardia woodfordianaPritchardia woodfordiana is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family.It is found only in Solomon Islands.-References:* Dowl, J.L. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 July 2007....
(Solomon IslandsSolomon IslandsSolomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of . The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal...
)
Formerly placed here
- Licuala grandisLicuala grandisLicuala grandis, the Ruffled Fan Palm, Vanuatu Fan Palm or Palas Palm is a species of palm tree in the Arecaceae family, native to Vanuatu, an island in the Pacific.-References:* * *...
(hort. ex W. Bull) H.Wendl. (as P. grandis hort. ex W. Bull) - Washingtonia filiferaWashingtonia filiferaWashingtonia filifera , with the common names California Fan Palm , Desert Fan Palm, Cotton palm, and Arizona Fan Palm. It is a palm native to southwestern North America between an elevation range of , at seeps, desert bajadas, and springs where underground water is continuously available...
(Linden ex André) H.Wendl. (as P. filamentosa H.Wendl. ex Franceschi or P. filifera Linden ex André)