Platform for Eastern Andalusia
Encyclopedia
The Platform for Eastern Andalusia is a Spanish
organization with regionalist
character, set up juridically as an association, created from a civic initiative in the provinces of Jaén, Granada
and Almería
, with the objective of forming an autonomous community
including these three province
s.
by Blas Infante
, which defends the administrative unity of whole Andalusia
. This platform defends the effective autonomic decentralization
and rejects the centralism
of Andalusian Autonomous Government
. It also rejects every form of new centralisms. This platform defends the conservation and promotion of the tradition and culture of the provinces of Jaén, Granada
and Almería
, that according with the members of this platform, have been ignored due to the cultural colonisation
imposed from Seville
. It supports the plurality of ideologies, without being defined into any position of the political spectrum
.
, a draft of Constitution was drawn up, which defined to Spain as a Federal Republic
, made up by seventeen states with legislative, executive and judicial power. The first article of this draft says:
In the latter years of the 19th century, with an ideology of liberalism
latent among the regionalism of Granada
, the jurist
and journalist
Paco Seco de Lucena and Juan Echevarría kept alive the idea of political community of Eastern Andalusia during the Restoration
. They achieved the meeting of the Regionalist Assembly on 16th of may of 1897 in the city hall of Granada
, where important conferences and debates were offered in educated circles. Paco Seco de Lucena offered a conference titled "The Regionalism" on 6 of January of 1898 in the Chamber of Commerce of Granada and he concluded that this one was the most guessed right way of giving solution to the local needs, in view of the approximation of the political management to the problems.
In 1898, the Spanish writer
and diplomat
Ángel Ganivet
declared:
and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1931, there was not opened the legal possibility of granting certain political autonomy to the Spanish regions.
Taking refuge in this possibility that was allowed by the new constitution, the andalucists began to promote the political autonomy of Andalusia. In the Andalucist Assembly of Cordoba of 1933, in which there was debated a Preliminary design of the Statute of autonomy of Andalusia, the differences between the unitary andalusianism and the regionalism of Eastern Andalusia provoked the abandonment of the assembly on the part of the representatives of Almeria, Granada and Jaén..
, with the promulgation of the Constitution of 1978
, there was re-opened in Spain the autonomous process initiated in the Second Republic and interrupted by the Civil War
and the Franco's regime.
In case of Andalusia
, the UCD was in opposition to initiating the autonomous process across the article 151, which the Constitution had established for the historical nationalities, defending the application of 143, which provided fewer autonomous competitions. Therefore the UCD called on to the abstention in the referendum
that had to ratify the initiatives of the incipient Andalusian Autonomous Government. In this scenario, the UCD of Granada managed to create the flag of Eastern Andalusia, which used in regionalist demonstration
that summoned under slogans as "Is Andalusia Seville? NOT, NOT, NOT" and "For the real autonomy".
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
organization with regionalist
Regionalism (politics)
Regionalism is a term used in international relations. Regionalism also constitutes one of the three constituents of the international commercial system...
character, set up juridically as an association, created from a civic initiative in the provinces of Jaén, Granada
Granada (province)
Granada is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Albacete, Murcia, Almería, Jaén, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Mediterranean Sea . Its capital city is also called Granada.The province covers an area of 12,635 km²...
and Almería
Almería (province)
-History:The rich customs and Fiestas of the denizens retain links deep into the past, unto the Moors, the Romans, the Greeks, and the Phoenicians.During the taifa era, it was ruled by the Moor Banu al-Amiri from 1012 to 1038, briefly annexed by Valencia , then given by Zaragoza to the Banu Sumadih...
, with the objective of forming an autonomous community
Autonomous communities of Spain
An autonomous community In other languages of Spain:*Catalan/Valencian .*Galician .*Basque . The second article of the constitution recognizes the rights of "nationalities and regions" to self-government and declares the "indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation".Political power in Spain is...
including these three province
Province
A province is a territorial unit, almost always an administrative division, within a country or state.-Etymology:The English word "province" is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French "province," which itself comes from the Latin word "provincia," which referred to...
s.
Ideology
The Platform for Eastern Andalusia is opposed to the unitary andalusianismAndalusian nationalism
Andalusian nationalism or Andalusian regionalism, sometimes referred as Andalucismo in Spanish, is the name given to the political movement in Spain advocating the recognition of Andalusian people as a "nation". It is considered to be represented primarily by the Andalusian Party but there are also...
by Blas Infante
Blas Infante
Blas Infante Pérez de Vargas . Blas Infante was an andalusist politician, writer, historian and musicologist, known as the "Father" of Andalusian fatherland ....
, which defends the administrative unity of whole Andalusia
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
. This platform defends the effective autonomic decentralization
Decentralization
__FORCETOC__Decentralization or decentralisation is the process of dispersing decision-making governance closer to the people and/or citizens. It includes the dispersal of administration or governance in sectors or areas like engineering, management science, political science, political economy,...
and rejects the centralism
Centralized government
A centralized or centralised government is one in which power or legal authority is exerted or coordinated by a de facto political executive to which federal states, local authorities, and smaller units are considered subject...
of Andalusian Autonomous Government
Andalusian Autonomous Government
The Andalusian Autonomous Government is the regional government body of Andalusia, one of the 17 autonomous communities which make up Spain...
. It also rejects every form of new centralisms. This platform defends the conservation and promotion of the tradition and culture of the provinces of Jaén, Granada
Granada (province)
Granada is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Albacete, Murcia, Almería, Jaén, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Mediterranean Sea . Its capital city is also called Granada.The province covers an area of 12,635 km²...
and Almería
Almería (province)
-History:The rich customs and Fiestas of the denizens retain links deep into the past, unto the Moors, the Romans, the Greeks, and the Phoenicians.During the taifa era, it was ruled by the Moor Banu al-Amiri from 1012 to 1038, briefly annexed by Valencia , then given by Zaragoza to the Banu Sumadih...
, that according with the members of this platform, have been ignored due to the cultural colonisation
Colonisation
Colonization occurs whenever any one or more species populate an area. The term, which is derived from the Latin colere, "to inhabit, cultivate, frequent, practice, tend, guard, respect", originally related to humans. However, 19th century biogeographers dominated the term to describe the...
imposed from Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
. It supports the plurality of ideologies, without being defined into any position of the political spectrum
Political spectrum
A political spectrum is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes symbolizing independent political dimensions....
.
19th century
In 1873, during the First Spanish RepublicFirst Spanish Republic
The First Spanish Republic was the political regime that existed in Spain between the parliamentary proclamation on 11 February 1873 and 29 December 1874 when General Arsenio Martínez-Campos's pronunciamento marked the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain...
, a draft of Constitution was drawn up, which defined to Spain as a Federal Republic
Federal republic
A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. A federation is the central government. The states in a federation also maintain the federation...
, made up by seventeen states with legislative, executive and judicial power. The first article of this draft says:
In the latter years of the 19th century, with an ideology of liberalism
Liberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
latent among the regionalism of Granada
Granada
Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...
, the jurist
Jurist
A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage...
and journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
Paco Seco de Lucena and Juan Echevarría kept alive the idea of political community of Eastern Andalusia during the Restoration
Spain under the Restoration
The Restoration was the name given to the period that began on December 29, 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of Alfonso XII to the throne after a coup d'état by Martinez Campos, and ended on April 14, 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.After...
. They achieved the meeting of the Regionalist Assembly on 16th of may of 1897 in the city hall of Granada
Granada
Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...
, where important conferences and debates were offered in educated circles. Paco Seco de Lucena offered a conference titled "The Regionalism" on 6 of January of 1898 in the Chamber of Commerce of Granada and he concluded that this one was the most guessed right way of giving solution to the local needs, in view of the approximation of the political management to the problems.
In 1898, the Spanish writer
Writer
A writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
and diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
Ángel Ganivet
Ángel Ganivet
Ángel Ganivet García , Spanish writer and diplomat. He was considered a precursor to the Generation of '98.-Some of his works:* Granada la bella. * Idearium español...
declared:
Second Spanish Republic
At the beginning of the 20th century, inside the Andalusian regionalism, there arose several regionalist voices who were claiming certain administrative cohesion of the Eastern Andalusian provinces, by means of the creation of an "Commonwealth of Eastern Andalusia" or "Commonwealth of the High Andalusia", like the Commonwealth of Catalonia. Nevertheless, up to the proclamation of the Second Spanish RepublicSecond Spanish Republic
The Second Spanish Republic was the government of Spain between April 14 1931, and its destruction by a military rebellion, led by General Francisco Franco....
and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1931, there was not opened the legal possibility of granting certain political autonomy to the Spanish regions.
Taking refuge in this possibility that was allowed by the new constitution, the andalucists began to promote the political autonomy of Andalusia. In the Andalucist Assembly of Cordoba of 1933, in which there was debated a Preliminary design of the Statute of autonomy of Andalusia, the differences between the unitary andalusianism and the regionalism of Eastern Andalusia provoked the abandonment of the assembly on the part of the representatives of Almeria, Granada and Jaén..
Spanish transition to democracy
During the Spanish transitionSpanish transition to democracy
The Spanish transition to democracy was the era when Spain moved from the dictatorship of Francisco Franco to a liberal democratic state. The transition is usually said to have begun with Franco’s death on 20 November 1975, while its completion has been variously said to be marked by the Spanish...
, with the promulgation of the Constitution of 1978
Spanish Constitution of 1978
-Structure of the State:The Constitution recognizes the existence of nationalities and regions . Preliminary Title As a result, Spain is now composed entirely of 17 Autonomous Communities and two autonomous cities with varying degrees of autonomy, to the extent that, even though the Constitution...
, there was re-opened in Spain the autonomous process initiated in the Second Republic and interrupted by the Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
and the Franco's regime.
In case of Andalusia
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
, the UCD was in opposition to initiating the autonomous process across the article 151, which the Constitution had established for the historical nationalities, defending the application of 143, which provided fewer autonomous competitions. Therefore the UCD called on to the abstention in the referendum
Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
that had to ratify the initiatives of the incipient Andalusian Autonomous Government. In this scenario, the UCD of Granada managed to create the flag of Eastern Andalusia, which used in regionalist demonstration
Demonstration (people)
A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.Actions such as...
that summoned under slogans as "Is Andalusia Seville? NOT, NOT, NOT" and "For the real autonomy".
External links
- Web of Platform for Eastern Andalusia (in Spanish)