Phasianinae
Encyclopedia
Phasianinae refers to the (Horsfield
, 1821) subfamily of Phasianidae
in the order
Galliformes
.
They are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism
, males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles
and long tail
s. Males are usually larger than females and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young. They typically eat seeds and some insects.
The subfamily includes the Pheasant
s, the Tragopan
s, the Junglefowl
, and the Peafowl
.
Thomas Horsfield
Thomas Horsfield M. D. was an American physician and naturalist.Horsfield was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He was the grandson of Timothy Horsfield, Sr., a colonel and justice of the peace in Bethlehem, and a friend mentioned in Benjamin...
, 1821) subfamily of Phasianidae
Phasianidae
The Phasianidae is a family of birds which consists of the pheasants and partridges, including the junglefowl , Old World Quail, francolins, monals and peafowl. The family is a large one, and is occasionally broken up into two subfamilies, the Phasianinae, and the Perdicinae...
in the order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
Galliformes
Galliformes
Galliformes are an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding domestic or game bird, containing turkey, grouse, chicken, New and Old World Quail, ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, and the Cracidae. Common names are gamefowl or gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds or galliforms...
.
They are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. Examples of such differences include differences in morphology, ornamentation, and behavior.-Examples:-Ornamentation / coloration:...
, males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles
Wattle (anatomy)
A wattle is a fleshy dewlap or caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds, goats and other animals. In some birds the caruncle is erectile tissue.The wattle is frequently an organ of sexual dimorphism...
and long tail
Tail
The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds...
s. Males are usually larger than females and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young. They typically eat seeds and some insects.
The subfamily includes the Pheasant
Pheasant
Pheasants refer to some members of the Phasianinae subfamily of Phasianidae in the order Galliformes.Pheasants are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles and long tails. Males are usually larger than females and have...
s, the Tragopan
Tragopan
Tragopan is a genus of bird in the family Phasianidae. These birds are commonly called "horny pheasants" because of two brightly-colored, fleshy horns on their heads that they can erect during courtship displays...
s, the Junglefowl
Junglefowl
Junglefowl are the four living species of bird from the genus Gallus in the Gallinaceous bird order, which occur in India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and Indonesia....
, and the Peafowl
Peafowl
Peafowl are two Asiatic species of flying birds in the genus Pavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae, best known for the male's extravagant eye-spotted tail, which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen, and the offspring peachicks. The adult female...
.
Species in taxonomic order
This list is ordered to show presumed relationships between species- Genus Ithaginis
- Blood PheasantBlood PheasantThe Blood Pheasant is the only species in genus Ithaginis of the pheasant family. This relatively small, short-tailed pheasant is widespread and fairly common in northern Southasia...
, Ithaginis cruentus
- Blood Pheasant
- Genus TragopanTragopanTragopan is a genus of bird in the family Phasianidae. These birds are commonly called "horny pheasants" because of two brightly-colored, fleshy horns on their heads that they can erect during courtship displays...
- Western TragopanWestern TragopanThe Western Tragopan or Western Horned Tragopan is a medium-sized brightly plumaged pheasant found along the Himalayas from Hazara in northern Pakistan in the west to Uttarakhand within India to the east...
, Tragopan melanocephalus - Satyr TragopanSatyr TragopanThe Satyr Tragopan Tragopan satyra, also known as the Crimson Horned Pheasant, is a pheasant found in the Himalayan reaches of India, Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan. They reside in moist oak and rhododendron forests with dense undergrowth and bamboo clumps. Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, shrubland...
, Tragopan satyra - Blyth's TragopanBlyth's TragopanBlyth’s Tragopan or the Grey-bellied Tragopan is a pheasant that is a vulnerable species.-Distribution and Population:...
, Tragopan blythii - Temminck's TragopanTemminck's TragopanThe Temminck's Tragopan, Tragopan temminckii is a medium-sized, approximately 64cm long, pheasant in the genus Tragopan. The male is a stocky red-and-orange bird with white-spotted plumage, black bill and pink legs. It has a bare blue facial skin, inflatable dark-blue lappet and horns...
, Tragopan temminckii - Cabot's TragopanCabot's TragopanThe Cabot's Tragopan, Tragopan caboti is a pheasant found in south-east China. This large bird is divided into two subspecies, of which the nominate race is found in the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi, Zheijiang, and Guangdong, and T. c. guangxiensis is confined to northeastern Guangxi and southern...
, Tragopan caboti
- Western Tragopan
- Genus Pucrasia
- Koklass Pheasant, Pucrasia macrolopha
- Genus Lophophorus
- Himalayan MonalHimalayan MonalThe Himalayan Monal, Lophophorus impejanus also known as the Impeyan Monal or Impeyan Pheasant or Danphe is a bird of genus Lophophorus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the national bird of Nepal, where it is known as the Danfe, and the state bird of Uttarakhand.Traditionally, the...
, Lophophorus impejanus - Sclater's MonalSclater's MonalSclater's Monal, Lophophorus sclateri, also known as the Crestless Monal, is a large, approximately long, pheasant of the east Himalayan region. As other monals, the male is a colorful bird...
, Lophophorus sclateri - Chinese MonalChinese MonalThe Chinese Monal, Lophophorus lhuysii, is one of the most brilliant of all pheasants. This monal is restricted to mountains of central China. The plumage is highly iridescent. The male has a large drooping purple crest, a metallic green head, blue bare skin around the eyes, a reddish gold mantle,...
, Lophophorus lhuysii
- Himalayan Monal
- Genus GallusJunglefowlJunglefowl are the four living species of bird from the genus Gallus in the Gallinaceous bird order, which occur in India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and Indonesia....
- Red JunglefowlRed JunglefowlThe Red Junglefowl is a tropical member of the Pheasant family. They are thought to be ancestors of the domestic chicken with some hybridisation with the Grey Junglefowl...
, Gallus gallus - Grey JunglefowlGrey JunglefowlThe Grey Junglefowl , also known as Sonnerat's Junglefowl, is a wild relative of domestic fowl that is endemic to India. This species is found mainly in peninsular India and where it overlaps with the distribution of the Red Junglefowl, it is known to form hybrids...
, Gallus sonneratii - Sri Lanka JunglefowlSri Lanka JunglefowlThe Sri Lankan Junglefowl , also known during the colonial era as the Ceylon Junglefowl, is a member of the pheasant family which is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is the national bird. It is closely related to the Red Junglefowl , the wild junglefowl from which the chicken was domesticated...
, Gallus lafayetii - Green JunglefowlGreen JunglefowlThe Green Junglefowl, Gallus varius also known as Javan Junglefowl, Forktail or Green Javanese Junglefowl is a medium-sized, up to 75 cm long, bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae...
, Gallus varius
- Red Junglefowl
- Genus Lophura, Gallopheasants
- Kalij PheasantKalij PheasantThe Kalij Pheasant, Lophura leucomelanos, is a pheasant found in forests and thickets, especially in the Himalayan foothills, from the Northern India to western Thailand. Males are rather variable depending on the subspecies involved, but all have an at least partially glossy bluish-black plumage,...
, (L. leucomelanos)- White-crested Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. hamiltoni)
- Nepal Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. leucomelanos)
- Black-backed Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. melanota)
- Black Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. moffitti)
- Black-breasted Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. lathami)
- William's Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. williamsi)
- Oates' Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. oatesi)
- Crawfurd's Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. crawfurdi)
- Lineated Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. lineata)
- Silver PheasantSilver PheasantThe Silver Pheasant is a species of pheasant found in forests, mainly in mountains, of mainland Southeast Asia, and eastern and southern China, with introduced populations in Hawaii and various locations in the US mainland. The male is black and white, while the female is mainly brown...
, (L. nycthemera)
- Kalij Pheasant
-
- Imperial PheasantImperial PheasantThe Imperial Pheasant, Lophura × imperialis is a dark blue medium-sized, up to 75 cm long, pheasant with bare red facial skin, blue crest, crimson legs and glossy plumage. Female is brown with erectile short feather crest, blackish tail and primaries.The Imperial Pheasant is found in the...
, Lophura imperialis - Edward's Pheasant, Lophura edwardsi
- Vietnamese PheasantVietnamese PheasantThe Vietnamese Pheasant, or Vietnam Fireback, is a species of gallopheasant. Discovered in 1964, it is endemic to central Vietnam. Its range concentrates around Ke Go Nature Reserve in Ha Tinh Province.-References:*...
, Lophura hatinhensis - Swinhoe's PheasantSwinhoe's PheasantSwinhoe's Pheasant, Lophura swinhoii, is a bird of the pheasant subfamily of Phasianidae family that is endemic to Taiwan, where it inhabits primary broadleaved forest and mature secondary forest at 200-2,300 m. It was sometimes referred to as the unofficial "national bird" of Taiwan, but the...
, Lophura swinhoii - Hoogerwerf's Pheasant, Lophura hoogerwerfi
- Salvadori's PheasantSalvadori's PheasantThe Salvadori's Pheasant, Lophura inornata is a bird of genus Lophura, native to Indonesia. It is found in the mountain rainforests of Sumatra. Thus it is also known as the "Sumatran Pheasant." The species name "inornata" means "without ornament."...
, Lophura inornata - Crestless FirebackCrestless FirebackThe Crestless Fireback is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family.It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests....
, Lophura erythrophthalma- Malayan Crestless Fireback, (L. e. erythrophthalma)
- Bornean Crestless Fireback, (L. e. pyronota)
- Crested FirebackCrested FirebackThe Crested Fireback, Lophura ignita, is a medium-sized, up to 70 cm long, forest pheasant with a peacock-like dark crest, bluish black plumage, reddish brown rump, black outer tail feathers, red iris and bare blue facial skin...
, Lophura ignita- Lesser Bornean Crested Fireback, (L. i. ignita)
- Greater Bornean Crested Fireback, (L. i. nobilis)
- Vieilott's Crested Fireback, (L. i. rufa)
- Delacour's Crested Fireback, (L. i. macartneyi)
- Siamese FirebackSiamese FirebackThe Siamese Fireback, Lophura diardi also known as Diard's Fireback is a medium-sized, approximately 80 cm long, pheasant. The male has a grey plumage with an extensive red facial skin, crimson legs and feet, ornamental black crest feathers, reddish brown iris and long curved blackish tail...
, Lophura diardi - Bulwer's PheasantBulwer's PheasantBulwer's Pheasant is also known as Bulwer's Wattled Pheasant, the Wattled Pheasant, or the White-tailed Wattled Pheasant. It is a Southeast Asian bird in the Phasianidae family; endemic to the forests of Borneo. It is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.-Description:Bulwer's Pheasant is...
, Lophura bulweri
- Imperial Pheasant
- Genus CrossoptilonCrossoptilonThe genus Crossoptilon consists of four species of eared pheasants.All are large, sexually monomorphic and found in China.-Species:* White Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon crossoptilon* Tibetan Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon harmani...
, Eared Pheasants- White-eared PheasantWhite-eared PheasantThe Genus Crosssoptilon comprises four distinct ecological species of "Eared Pheasants", so named because of their prominent ear tufts.White Eared Pheasants are called Shagga by indigenous Himalayan peoples...
, Crossoptilon crossoptilon - Tibetan Eared PheasantTibetan Eared PheasantThe Tibetan Eared Pheasant is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is found in China and India.Its natural habitats are boreal forests and temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
, Crossoptilon harmani - Brown Eared PheasantBrown Eared PheasantThe Brown Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon mantchuricum is a large, up to 100 cm long, dark brown pheasant of mountain forests of northern China. It has stiff white ear coverts behind the eyes, which look like a moustache. The crown is black with red bare facial skin and its tail of twenty-two...
, Crossoptilon mantchuricum - Blue Eared PheasantBlue Eared PheasantThe Blue Eared Pheasant, Crossoptilon auritum is a large, up to 96 cm long, dark blue-grey pheasant with velvet black crown, red bare facial skin, yellow iris, long white ear coverts behind the eyes and crimson legs. Its tail of twenty-four elongated bluish grey feathers is curved, loose and...
, Crossoptilon auritum
- White-eared Pheasant
- Genus Catreus
- Cheer PheasantCheer PheasantThe Cheer Pheasant, Catreus wallichii also known as Wallich's Pheasant is an endangered species of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the only member in monotypic genus Catreus...
, Catreus wallichi
- Cheer Pheasant
- Genus SyrmaticusSyrmaticusThe genus Syrmaticus contains the five species of long-tailed pheasants. The males have short spurs and usually red facial wattles, but otherwise differ wildly in appearance...
, Long-tailed Pheasants- Reeve's Pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesi
- Elliot's PheasantElliot's PheasantThe Elliot's Pheasant, Syrmaticus ellioti also known as Bar-backed Pheasant is a large, up to 80 cm long, brown and white pheasant with a black throat, chestnut brown upperparts plumage, white belly, nape and wingbars, red bare facial skin and long rusty-barred whitish tail...
, Syrmaticus ellioti - Mrs. Hume's Pheasant, Syrmaticus humiae
- Mikado PheasantMikado PheasantThe Mikado Pheasant, Syrmaticus mikado, is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.-Distribution and habitat:The Mikado Pheasant is endemic to mountainous regions of Taiwan...
, Syrmaticus mikado - Copper PheasantCopper PheasantThe Copper Pheasant, Syrmaticus soemmerringii also known as Soemmerring's Pheasant is a large, up to 136cm long, pheasant with a rich coppery chestnut plumage, yellowish bill, brown iris and red facial skin. The female is a brown bird with greyish brown upperparts and buff barred dark brown below...
, Syrmaticus soemmerringi
- Genus PhasianusPhasianusThe "typical" pheasant genus Phasianus in the family Phasianidae consists of at least one species. Both Phasianus and "pheasant" comes from the Greek word phāsiānos, meaning " of the Phasis". Phasis is the ancient name of the main river of western Georgia, currently called the Rioni.The Common...
, Typical Pheasants- Green PheasantGreen PheasantThe Green Pheasant, Phasianus versicolor, also known as Japanese Pheasant, is native to the Japanese Archipelago, to which it is endemic. The male is distinguished from that species by its dark green plumage on the breast and mantle. The male also has an iridescent violet neck, red bare facial...
Phasianus versicolor - Common PheasantCommon PheasantThe Common Pheasant , is a bird in the pheasant family . It is native to Georgia and has been widely introduced elsewhere as a game bird. In parts of its range, namely in places where none of its relatives occur such as in Europe , it is simply known as the "pheasant"...
, Phasianus colchicus- Caucasus Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus colchicus group
- White-winged Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas/principalis group
- Prince of Wales Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus principalis
- Mongolian Ring-necked Pheasants or White-winged Ring-necked Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus mongolicus group
- Tarim Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus tarimensis group
- Chinese Ring-necked Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus torquatus group
- Taiwan Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus formosanus
- Green Pheasant
- Genus ChrysolophusChrysolophusChrysolophus is a genus of the pheasant family of birds.These are species which have spectacularly plumaged males. The Golden Pheasant is native to western China, and Lady Amherst's Pheasant to Tibet and westernmost China, but both have been widely introduced elsewhere...
, Ruffed Pheasants- Golden PheasantGolden PheasantThe Golden Pheasant or "Chinese Pheasant", is a gamebird of the order Galliformes and the family Phasianidae...
, Chrysolophus pictus - Lady Amherst's PheasantLady Amherst's PheasantThe Lady Amherst's Pheasant, Chrysolophus amherstiae, is a bird of the order Galliformes and the family Phasianidae.These are native to south western China and Myanmar, but have been introduced elsewhere, and have established a self-supporting, but now declining, feral population in England, the...
, Chrysolophus amherstiae
- Golden Pheasant
- Genus PolyplectronPolyplectronThe peacock-pheasants are a bird genus, Polyplectron, of the family Phasianidae, consisting of eight species. They are colored inconspicuously, relying on heavily on crypsis to avoid detection. When threatened, peacock-pheasants will alter their shapes utilising specialised plumage that when...
), Peacock-Pheasants- Bronze-tailed Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron chalcurum
- Mountain Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron inopinatum
- Germain's Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron germaini
- Grey Peacock-PheasantGrey Peacock-pheasantThe Grey Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron bicalcaratum also known as Burmese Peacock is a large Southeast Asian member of the order Galliformes. It is rather closely related to the peafowl , and like these – and like most other Polyplectron – has brilliant eyespots on its plumage...
, Polyplectron bicalcaratum - Hainan Peacock-PheasantHainan Peacock-pheasantThe Hainan Peacock-Pheasant is an endangered bird that belongs to the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is endemic to the island of Hainan, China. It is extremely rare.- Description :...
, Polyplectron katsumatae - Malayan Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron malacense
- Bornean Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron schleiermacheri
- Palawan Peacock-Pheasant, Polyplectron emphanum
- Genus Rheinartia
- Crested ArgusCrested ArgusThe Crested Argus is a large and spectacular peacock-like pheasant with dark-brown-spotted black and buff plumage, a pink bill, brown irises and blue skin around the eyes. The head is small. The male has a broad and greatly elongated tail of twelve feathers. He measures from in total length...
, Rheinartia ocellata
- Crested Argus
- Genus ArgusianusArgusianusThe genus Argusianus G.R. Gray, 1849 consists of two species of spectacularly plumaged pheasant with greatly elongated secondaries and central tail feathers....
- Great ArgusGreat ArgusThe Great Argus, Argusianus argus is a brown-plumaged pheasant with a small blue head and neck, rufous red upper breast, black hair-like feathers on crown and nape, and red legs. The male is among the largest of all pheasants. He measures in total length, including a tail of , and weighs . It has...
, Argusianus argus - Double-banded ArgusDouble-banded ArgusA mysterious pheasant, the Double-banded Argus, Argusianus bipunctatus, is known only from the portion of a single primary flight feather...
, Argusianus bipunctatus
- Great Argus
- Genus PavoPavoPavo may refer to:*The genus name for the peafowl*Pavo *Pavo, Georgia, town in the United States*The Spanish word for turkey....
- Indian PeafowlIndian PeafowlThe Indian Peafowl or Blue Peafowl is a large and brightly coloured bird of the pheasant family native to South Asia, but introduced and semi-feral in many other parts of the world...
Pavo cristatus - Green PeafowlGreen PeafowlThe Green Peafowl or Javan Peafowl, Pavo muticus is a large Galliform bird that is found in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia...
, Pavo muticus
- Indian Peafowl
- Genus Afropavo
- Congo Peacock, Afropavo congensis