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Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union

 

 
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Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union
 
 
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The Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia (Yidishe Kolonizatsye Organizatsye in Rusland), known by its transliterated acronym as the ICOR (or YKOR) was a Jewish Communist organization in North America devoted to supporting settlement in the Jewish socialist republic of Birobidzhan
Birobidzhan

Birobidzhan is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Trans-Siberian railway, close to the border with the People's Republic of China, and is the home of two synagogues, including the Birobidzhan Synagogue, and the Jewish religious community of the...
 in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. It was founded in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 in 1924 and soon spread to Canada.

The founding meeting was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
 and the initial mission of the organization was to raise money to fund Jewish collective farms in Crimea
Crimea

Crimea or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an autonomous republic of Ukraine located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name....
 and to provide a humanitarian alternative for Jews facing anti-Semitism in Europe.






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The Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia (Yidishe Kolonizatsye Organizatsye in Rusland), known by its transliterated acronym as the ICOR (or YKOR) was a Jewish Communist organization in North America devoted to supporting settlement in the Jewish socialist republic of Birobidzhan
Birobidzhan

Birobidzhan is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Trans-Siberian railway, close to the border with the People's Republic of China, and is the home of two synagogues, including the Birobidzhan Synagogue, and the Jewish religious community of the...
 in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. It was founded in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 in 1924 and soon spread to Canada.

The founding meeting was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
 and the initial mission of the organization was to raise money to fund Jewish collective farms in Crimea
Crimea

Crimea or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an autonomous republic of Ukraine located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name....
 and to provide a humanitarian alternative for Jews facing anti-Semitism in Europe. One of ICOR's initial patrons was Julius Rosenwald
Julius Rosenwald

File:Julius Rosenwald 02.jpgJulius Rosenwald was a United States of America tailor, manufacturer, business executive, and philanthropist. He is best known as a part-owner and leader of Sears, Roebuck and Company, and for the Rosenwald Fund which donated millions to support the education of African Americans and other philanthropic causes in...
, president of Sears, Roebuck and Company
Sears, Roebuck and Company

Sears, Roebuck and Co., commonly known as Sears, is an united States mid-range chain of international department stores, founded by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Roebuck in the late 19th century....
 who contributed more than $2 million to ICOR. When, in 1928, the Soviet Union abandoned the idea of Jewish settlement in Crimea and endorsed instead the eventual formation of a Jewish Autonomous Republic in the eastern USSR, ICOR followed suit. ICOR worked closely with the Komzet
Komzet

Komzet was the Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union. The primary goal of the Komzet was to help impoverished and persecuted Jewish population of the former Pale of Settlement to adopt agricultural labor....
, the Soviet agency facilitating Jewish settlement, and its successor, the OZET
OZET

OZET was public Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union in the period from 1925 to 1938. Some English sources use the word "Working" instead of "Toiling"....
.

The Canadian wing became a separate organization in 1935. The ICOR was active among first and second generation Yiddish speaking Jewish immigrants and was intended as a rival to the Zionist
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
 movement and its agitation for a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
. In the 1930s the organization was also involved in protests against Nazi Germany and encouraged a boycott of German goods and also fundraised for the International Brigades
International Brigades

The International Brigades were Second Spanish Republic military units in the Spanish Civil War, formed of many non-state sponsored volunteers of different countries who traveled to Spain, to fight for the republic in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939....
 fighting in the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted coup d'?tat by a group of Spanish Army generals, supported by the conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right , Carlist groups and the fascistic Falange, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of pr...
.

ICOR was associated with the Communist Party, USA and the Communist Party of Canada
Communist Party of Canada

The Communist Party of Canada is a communism political party in Canada. It is a minor political party without elected representation at present in either the federal Parliament of Canada or in any provinces of Canada....
 and generally followed the Comintern
Comintern

The 'Comintern' was an international Communism organization founded in Moscow in March 1919. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the Sta...
's party line. The organization declined following the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

See also

  • Yevsektsiya
    Yevsektsiya

    Yevsektsiya , Russian language: ????????, the syllabic abbreviation of the phrase "????????? ??????" was the Jewish section of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
  • Jews in the Soviet Union
  • Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
    Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

    The Jewish history of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast began with the early settlements of 1928. Yiddish language, along with Russian language, is one of two official languages in the JAO....