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Komzet was the Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. The primary goal of the Komzet was to help impoverished and persecuted Jewish population of the former Pale of Settlement
Pale of Settlement

The Pale of Settlement was the term given to a region of Russian Empire, along its western border, in which permanent residence of Jews was allowed, and beyond which Jewish residence was generally prohibited....
 to adopt agricultural labor. Other goals were getting financial assistance from the Jewish diaspora
Jewish diaspora

The Jewish diaspora , the presence of Jews outside of the Land of Israel, is a result of the expulsion or emigration of Jews from Israel and religious conversion to Judaism....
 and providing the Soviet Jews an alternative to Zionism
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
.

The Komzet was a government committee whose function was to contribute and distribute the land for new kolkhozes.






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Komzet was the Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. The primary goal of the Komzet was to help impoverished and persecuted Jewish population of the former Pale of Settlement
Pale of Settlement

The Pale of Settlement was the term given to a region of Russian Empire, along its western border, in which permanent residence of Jews was allowed, and beyond which Jewish residence was generally prohibited....
 to adopt agricultural labor. Other goals were getting financial assistance from the Jewish diaspora
Jewish diaspora

The Jewish diaspora , the presence of Jews outside of the Land of Israel, is a result of the expulsion or emigration of Jews from Israel and religious conversion to Judaism....
 and providing the Soviet Jews an alternative to Zionism
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
.

1930 Jewish Kolkhoz Ajjdc 05
The Komzet was a government committee whose function was to contribute and distribute the land for new kolkhozes. A complementary public society, the OZET
OZET

OZET was public Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union in the period from 1925 to 1938. Some English sources use the word "Working" instead of "Toiling"....
 was established in order to assist in moving settlers to a new location, housebuilding, irrigation, training, providing them with cattle and agricultural tools, education, medical and cultural services. The funds were to be provided by private donations, charities and lotteries.

Established in 1921, Komzet was headed by P. G. Smidovich.

In 1924-1926, the Komzet helped to create several Jewish kolkhoz
Kolkhoz

A kolkhoz , plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms . The word is a contraction of ????????????? ??????????, or "collective farm", while sovkhoz is a contraction of ????????? ????????? ....
es in various regions, most notably in Crimea
Crimea

Crimea or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an autonomous republic of Ukraine located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name....
, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
 and Stavropol
Stavropol

Stavropol is a types of inhabited localities in Russia located in south-western Russia and is the administrative center of Stavropol Krai. Population: 355,900 ; ...
 region.

In 1927, Birsko-Bidzhansky region
Birobidzhan

Birobidzhan is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Trans-Siberian railway, close to the border with the People's Republic of China, and is the home of two synagogues, including the Birobidzhan Synagogue, and the Jewish religious community of the...
 in the Russian Far East
Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean....
 was identified as a territory suitable for compact living of the Soviet Jews. The region would become the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia situated in the Far Eastern Federal District federal districts of Russia, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast of Russia and Heilongjiang province of People's Republic of China....
 but it did not attract the expected mass Jewish resettlement.

See also

  • History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union
    History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union

    The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest Jewish diaspora in the world. Within these territories the Jewish community flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of intense antisemitism discriminatory policies and persecutions....
  • Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast?
  • Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union (IKOR)
    Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union

    The Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia , known by its transliterated acronym as the ICOR was a Jewish Communist organization in North America devoted to supporting settlement in the Jewish socialist republic of Birobidzhan in the Soviet Union....
  • Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
    Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

    The Jewish history of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast began with the early settlements of 1928. Yiddish language, along with Russian language, is one of two official languages in the JAO....
  • American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
    American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee

    The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee is an American Jews charitable organization with the declared mission to "serve the needs of Jews throughout the world, particularly where their lives as Jews are threatened or made more difficult."...
  • Yevsektsiya
    Yevsektsiya

    Yevsektsiya , Russian language: ????????, the syllabic abbreviation of the phrase "????????? ??????" was the Jewish section of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....


Further reading

  • Robert Weinberg. Stalin's Forgotten Zion. Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928-1996 (University of California Press, 1998)) ISBN 0-520-20990-7
  • Jonathan L. Dekel-Chen. Farming the Red Land: Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924-1941 (Yale University Press, 2005) ISBN 0-300-10331-X


External links

  • featured in Swarthmore College
    Swarthmore College

    Swarthmore College is a Private school, Independent school, Liberal arts colleges in the United States in the United States with an enrollment of about 1,500 students....
    's online exhibition "Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland."
  • by Jonathan Dekel-Chen (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) from Colombia Journal of Historography