Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov
Encyclopedia
Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov (18 December 1900—4 October 1938) was a Russia
n Esperanto
writer, translator, and critic.
. A journalist, he worked in the publishing house Moscow worker. He learned Esperanto in 1915.
. In 1923 he became a member of the Central Committee of Sovetlanda Esperantista Unuiĝo (SEU) (ru: Soyuz Esperantistov Sovetskikh Stran), then under the leadership of Ernest Drezen.
He was especially concerned with the history and criticism of Esperanto literature, the ideology of the proletarian revolutionary Esperanto movement, the nationality problem and cosmoglottics
. In La Nova Epoko he published several essays on Esperanto literature
(about Baghy
, Bulthuis
, Jung, Hohlov, Mikhalski, Devkin, Schulhof, and others). His critiques set out mainly from an original sociological viewpoint, but he simultaneously paid much attention to the use of language in the works.
In the early 1930s he actively participated in the compilation and preparation of material on literature for the Enciklopedio de Esperanto. He also published many of Zamenhof
's letters.
In 1931 he was one of the cofounders of IAREV (International Association of Revolutionary Esperanto Writers), and edited its first newspaper, La Nova Etapo (The New Stage).
He was posthumously rehabilitated as innocent on 26 November 1957.
Nekrasov believed that in his original poems he followed the Russian symbolist poets
, especially Bryusov
, and so he took special care with the purity of his language style. It is known that the largest of his original works was the grand poem "Kazanovo" (en:Casanova) — which according to the impressions of those who read the manuscript, was at a very high level poetically. At least one copy of the manuscript still existed in the beginning of the 1960s, but later disappeared without a trace.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n Esperanto
Esperanto
is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Its name derives from Doktoro Esperanto , the pseudonym under which L. L. Zamenhof published the first book detailing Esperanto, the Unua Libro, in 1887...
writer, translator, and critic.
Biography
Nekrasov was born in MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. A journalist, he worked in the publishing house Moscow worker. He learned Esperanto in 1915.
Esperanto activity, editorial work, and articles
In 1918–19, he was president of the Tutrusia Ligo de junaj esperantistoj (All-Russia League of Young Esperantists), and editor of Juna Mondo (en:Young world), which he typeset himself in the print room. On 1 June 1922 Nekrasov together with Gregory Demidyuk founded the cultural review La Nova Epoko (The New Epoch), which became one of the organs of SATSennacieca Asocio Tutmonda
Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda is an independent worldwide cultural Esperanto association of a general left-wing orientation. Its headquarters are in Paris. According to Jacques Schram, chairman of the Executive Committee, the membership totalled 881 in 2003...
. In 1923 he became a member of the Central Committee of Sovetlanda Esperantista Unuiĝo (SEU) (ru: Soyuz Esperantistov Sovetskikh Stran), then under the leadership of Ernest Drezen.
He was especially concerned with the history and criticism of Esperanto literature, the ideology of the proletarian revolutionary Esperanto movement, the nationality problem and cosmoglottics
Cosmoglottics
Cosmoglottics is a science that investigates world languages ; more specifically about universal artificial languages, its study and construction.Sergey N...
. In La Nova Epoko he published several essays on Esperanto literature
Esperanto literature
Esperanto literature began before the official publication of the constructed language Esperanto; the language's creator, L. L. Zamenhof, translated poetry and prose into the language as he was developing it as a test of its completeness and expressiveness, and published several translations and a...
(about Baghy
Julio Baghy
Julio Baghy was a Hungarian actor and one of the leading authors of the Esperanto movement...
, Bulthuis
Hendrik Bulthuis
Hendrik Bulthuis , was a Dutchman, customs official, author, and translator of more than thirty works. One of his novels, Idoj de Orfejo is listed in William Auld's Basic Esperanto Reading List.- Biography :...
, Jung, Hohlov, Mikhalski, Devkin, Schulhof, and others). His critiques set out mainly from an original sociological viewpoint, but he simultaneously paid much attention to the use of language in the works.
In the early 1930s he actively participated in the compilation and preparation of material on literature for the Enciklopedio de Esperanto. He also published many of Zamenhof
L. L. Zamenhof
Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof December 15, 1859 – April 14, 1917) was the inventor of Esperanto, the most successful constructed language designed for international communication.-Cultural background:...
's letters.
In 1931 he was one of the cofounders of IAREV (International Association of Revolutionary Esperanto Writers), and edited its first newspaper, La Nova Etapo (The New Stage).
Arrest, execution, and rehabilitation
Nekrasov was arrested in 1938, and accused of being "an organizer and leader of a fascist, espionage, terrorist organization of Esperantists". For this crime he was shot to death on 4 October 1938. His archive and library were obliterated; presumably many of his unpublished works and translations thus perished.He was posthumously rehabilitated as innocent on 26 November 1957.
Translated poetry
- Kupra rajdanto, (Copper rider), by PushkinAleksandr PushkinAlexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature....
. - Eŭgeno Onegin, (Eugene OneginEugene OneginEugene Onegin is a novel in verse written by Alexander Pushkin.It is a classic of Russian literature, and its eponymous protagonist has served as the model for a number of Russian literary heroes . It was published in serial form between 1825 and 1832...
), by Aleksandr PushkinAleksandr PushkinAlexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature....
, SATSennacieca Asocio TutmondaSennacieca Asocio Tutmonda is an independent worldwide cultural Esperanto association of a general left-wing orientation. Its headquarters are in Paris. According to Jacques Schram, chairman of the Executive Committee, the membership totalled 881 in 2003...
, 1931. - Dekdu (Twelve) and Najtingala ĝardeno (Nightingale garden), by Alexander BlokAlexander BlokAlexander Alexandrovich Blok was a Russian lyrical poet.-Life and career:Blok was born in Saint Petersburg, into a sophisticated and intellectual family. Some of his relatives were literary men, his father being a law professor in Warsaw, and his maternal grandfather the rector of Saint Petersburg...
. - Blanka cigno (White swan) and La mortaj ŝipoj (The dead ships) by Konstantin Bal'mont.
- Nubo en pantalono (Cloud in pants) and Suno (Sun) by Vladimir Majakovskij.
- Monna Liza, by GerasimovMikhail Gerasimov (poet)Mikhail Prokofyevich Gerasimov was one of the most widely-read working-class poets in early twentieth century Russia. Initially embracing the Bolshevik revolution as a liberating event and participating in the effort to create a new "proletarian culture," following the New Economic Policy he...
. - Socialismo, Patrino (Mother) by Bezimenskij.
Translated prose
- Ruĝa Stelo (The Red Star), by Aleksander Bogdanov, SATSennacieca Asocio TutmondaSennacieca Asocio Tutmonda is an independent worldwide cultural Esperanto association of a general left-wing orientation. Its headquarters are in Paris. According to Jacques Schram, chairman of the Executive Committee, the membership totalled 881 in 2003...
, 1929. (with others) - La Vojo de formiĝo kaj disvastiĝo de la lingvo internacia (The way of formation and spread of the international language), by Ernest Drezen, SATSennacieca Asocio TutmondaSennacieca Asocio Tutmonda is an independent worldwide cultural Esperanto association of a general left-wing orientation. Its headquarters are in Paris. According to Jacques Schram, chairman of the Executive Committee, the membership totalled 881 in 2003...
, 1929 - Historio de la mondolingvo (History of the world Language, by Drezen, EKRELO.
Original poetry
- Fablo pri ĝilotinŝraŭbeto (Fabel of a little gelaten-screw), appeared in Sennacieca Revuo
- Testamento de Satano (Testament of Satan)
- Verda flamo (Green flame)
- Krono de sonetoj pri Esperanto (Crown of Sonnets), a commection of poems
- Mi moskvano (I, a Muscovite), appeared in Internacia Literaturo
Original prose
- Bibliografio de Esperantaj presaĵoj en USSR dum 12 jaroj de la revolucio 1917-1928, Moscow, 1928 (A bibliography of esperanto material in print in the USSR during the 12 years of the revolution 1917–1928)
- Tra USSR per Esperanto (Through the USSR by means of Esperanto)
- Several essays on Esperanto-literaturo in La Nova Epoko (in Esperanto)
Nekrasov believed that in his original poems he followed the Russian symbolist poets
Russian Symbolism
Russian symbolism was an intellectual and artistic movement predominant at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. It represented the Russian branch of the symbolist movement in European art, and was mostly known for its contributions to Russian poetry.-Russian symbolism in...
, especially Bryusov
Valery Bryusov
Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov was a Russian poet, prose writer, dramatist, translator, critic and historian. He was one of the principal members of the Russian Symbolist movement.-Biography:...
, and so he took special care with the purity of his language style. It is known that the largest of his original works was the grand poem "Kazanovo" (en:Casanova) — which according to the impressions of those who read the manuscript, was at a very high level poetically. At least one copy of the manuscript still existed in the beginning of the 1960s, but later disappeared without a trace.
Works readable on line
- poems (in Esperanto)
- Sennaciismo... burĝa?, from Sennacieca Revuo (Non-national review), 1924
External links
- Nekrasov: Datreveno de talenta poeto (Nekrasov: Anniversary of a talented poet), NikSt, Esperanto, 06.03.91
- Nikolaj Nekrasov Soneto pri Espteranto, Esperanta antologio: poemoj 1887–1981 (Esperanto Anthology: poems 1887–1981) — Rotterdam, 1984, pp. 207–208.