Müllheim, Switzerland
Encyclopedia
Müllheim is a municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...

 in Frauenfeld District in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...

 of Thurgau
Thurgau
Thurgau is a northeast canton of Switzerland. The population, , is . In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 who were resident foreigners. The capital is Frauenfeld.-History:...

 in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

.

History

Müllheim is first mentioned in 1254 as Mulhain. In the 13th and 14th Centuries the Ministerialis
Ministerialis
Ministerialis ; a post-classical Latin word, used in English, meaning originally servitor, agent, in a broad range of senses...

 (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) family of Müllheim was mentioned. Initially the Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...

s of Kyburg
House of Kyburg
The House of Kyburg was family of Grafen or counts from Zürich in Switzerland. The family was one of the three most powerful noble families in the Swiss plateau beside the Habsburg and the House of Savoy during the 11th and 12th Centuries...

 owned the bailiwick
Bailiwick
A bailiwick is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and may also apply to a territory in which the sheriff's functions were exercised by a privately appointed bailiff under a royal or imperial writ. The word is now more generally used in a metaphorical sense, to indicate a sphere of...

 of Müllheim. When that line died out, the Habsburgs took over. Reichenau Abbey bought the rights over the village in 1460. The abbey and its successors (between 1540-1798 the Bishop
Bishop (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the Catholic faith and ruling the Church....

 of Constance) were the judicial rulers and landlords of the village. The municipality had the right to impose fines and light corporal punishment

The village church was probably first built, as part of Pfyn
Pfyn
Pfyn is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.Pfyn gives its name to the ancient Pfyn culture, one of several Neolithic cultures in Switzerland which centered around intensive pig farming and trading, dating from c. 3900 BC to c...

 parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

, around 1340. It belonged to the Langenhart parish until 1483 and then to Hüttlingen. In 1528 the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...

 entered the village and many of the villagers converted. In 1540 the rights to appoint the village priest went to the Bishop of Constance. In 1804 those rights went to the Canton Thurgau, and in 1830 to the local parish. In 1607 the Catholic Mass
Mass (liturgy)
"Mass" is one of the names by which the sacrament of the Eucharist is called in the Roman Catholic Church: others are "Eucharist", the "Lord's Supper", the "Breaking of Bread", the "Eucharistic assembly ", the "memorial of the Lord's Passion and Resurrection", the "Holy Sacrifice", the "Holy and...

 was once again allowed in the village. The church of St. Verena was then used by both denominations, until the construction of the Catholic church in 1967. In the course of the 20th Century, the portion of the inhabitants who follow the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...

 has increased. By the turn of the 21st Century it was about half of the population.

The economy of Müllheim was characterized by wine, fruit, flax and hemp production as well as forestry and dairy farming and cheese making. The municipality had several handicraft businesses and restaurants, as well as two annual fairs. The train station Müllheim-Wigoltingen opened in 1855. This train station encouraged the construction in 1857 of a canvas factory in Grüneck. In 1979 this became the weaving factory of Grüneta AG, which went bankrupt in 2004. TheU tilis Müllheim tool factory was founded in 1870 and employed 40 staff in 2000. Other businesses in the municipality included an embroidery factory in 1900, a wood turning plant that was open between 1909–16 and a machine shop from 1906-09. Since 1954, a local company manufactures steel furniture, another has recycled industrial waste since 1991.

Geography

Müllheim has an area, , of 8.73 square kilometres (3.4 sq mi). Of this area, 4.44 km² (1.7 sq mi) or 50.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.69 km² (1 sq mi) or 30.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.45 km² (0.559848129959176 sq mi) or 16.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.18 km² (0.0694983885466563 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 7.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.6%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 6.9%. Out of the forested land, 29.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 47.2% is used for growing crops, while 3.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in Frauenfeld District, on the southern edge of the Seerücken. It consists of the village of Müllheim and the hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...

 of Maltbach, Grüneck and Langenhart.

Demographics

Müllheim has a population of , 13.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 11%. Most of the population speaks German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

(89.3%), with Albanian
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...

 being second most common ( 3.0%) and Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

 being third ( 2.5%).

, the gender distribution of the population was 50.0% male and 50.0% female. The population was made up of 1,107 Swiss men (43.0% of the population), and 181 (7.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,123 Swiss women (43.6%), and 166 (6.4%) non-Swiss women. In there were 21 live births to Swiss citizens and 4 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 11 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 10 while the foreign population increased by 2. There was 1 Swiss man, 2 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 6 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 14 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was an increase of 41 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 35 people. This represents a population growth rate of 3.0%.

The age distribution, , in Müllheim is; 285 children or 10.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 387 teenagers or 14.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 297 people or 11.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 330 people or 12.6% are between 30 and 39, 492 people or 18.7% are between 40 and 49, and 370 people or 14.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 242 people or 9.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 138 people or 5.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 77 people or 2.9% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 11 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.58 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.56 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 53.9% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...

 or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 906 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. there were 371 single family homes (or 79.1% of the total) out of a total of 469 inhabited buildings. There were 56 two family buildings (11.9%), 9 three family buildings (1.9%) and 33 multi-family buildings (or 7.0%). There were 497 (or 20.7%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 1,458 (or 60.8%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 126 (or 5.3%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 8 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 12 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 14 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 32 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.54%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.6 new units per 1000 residents.

there were 955 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 280. There were 29 single room apartments and 173 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Müllheim was 1135.57 Swiss franc
Swiss franc
The franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein; it is also legal tender in the Italian exclave Campione d'Italia. Although not formally legal tender in the German exclave Büsingen , it is in wide daily use there...

s (CHF) per month (US$910, £510, €730 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one room apartment was 507.33 CHF (US$410, £230, €320), a two room apartment was about 759.46 CHF (US$610, £340, €490), a three room apartment was about 960.07 CHF (US$770, £430, €610) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1838.64 CHF (US$1470, £830, €1180). The average apartment price in Müllheim was 101.8% of the national average of 1116 CHF.

In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...

 the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...

 which received 44.35% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

 (17.7%), the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....

 (12.51%) and the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (10.51%). In the federal election, a total of 730 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...

 was 43.8%.

The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
1850 873
1860 1,144
1870 904
1880 1,281
1890 1,385
1900 1,464
1950 1,541
1960 1,511
1980 1,541
1990 1,888
2000 2,398

Sights

The region of Grüneck is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...

.

Economy

, Müllheim had an unemployment rate of 1.63%. , there were 75 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 316 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 30 businesses in this sector. 402 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 76 businesses in this sector.

there were 1,705 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 931 or about 54.6% of the residents worked outside Müllheim while 401 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 1,175 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 8.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.4% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 709 or 29.6% were Roman Catholic, while 1,134 or 47.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic
Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
The Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland is the Swiss member church of the Union of Utrecht, also known as Old Catholic Church, originally founded by the jansenists, with a later influx of discontented Catholics following their disappointment with the First Vatican Council. It has 14,000...

 faith there are 34 individuals (or about 1.42% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 66 individuals (or about 2.75% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 2 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...

, and 152 (or about 6.34% of the population) who are Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

ic. There are 13 individuals (or about 0.54% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 186 (or about 7.76% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....

 or atheist
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...

, and 98 individuals (or about 4.09% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Müllheim about 72% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...

).

Müllheim is home to the Müllheim primary school district. It is also home to the Müllheim secondary school district. In the primary school district there are 256 students. There are 55 children in the kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

, and the average class size is 18.33 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 26 or 47.3% are female, 9 or 16.4% are not Swiss citizens and 8 or 14.5% do not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and lasts for 6 years. There are 101 children in who are at the lower primary level and 100 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school is 20.67 students. At the lower primary level, there are 43 children or 42.6% of the total population who are female, 16 or 15.8% are not Swiss citizens and 15 or 14.9% do not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there are 56 or 56.0% who are female, 9 or 9.0% are not Swiss citizens and 10 or 10.0% do not speak German natively.

In the secondary school district there are 194 students. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There are 111 teenagers who are in the advanced school, of which 62 or 55.9% are female, 11 or 9.9% are not Swiss citizens and 7 or 6.3% do not speak German natively. There are 74 teenagers who are in the standard school, of which 31 or 41.9% are female, 10 or 13.5% are not Swiss citizens and 10 or 13.5% do not speak German natively. Finally, there are 9 teenagers who are in special or remedial classes, of which 7 or 77.8% are female, 3 or 33.3% are not Swiss citizens and 3 or 33.3% do not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level is 18.5 students.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK