Muhammad Ibn al-Habib
Encyclopedia
Sayyidi Muhammad ibn al-Habib ibn as-Siddiq al-Amghari al-Idrisi al-Hasani (1876 - January 10, 1972) was an Islam
ic teacher, author, and shaykh of the Darqawa
tariqa in Morocco
.
, Morocco and he is related to Moulay Abdallah Amghar, a descendant of a Sayyid
line which goes back to Ali ibn Abi Talib (d.660) and Husayn ibn Ali
(d.680). This branch of the family immigrated to Tafilalt
and settled there. His father immigrated to Fes
, where his descendants still live.
, the Alfiyya, as-Sullam by Bannani and at-Tirmidhi's Shamā'il.
Then in the Al-Qarawiyyin mosque, he studied Khalil's
Mukhtasar
including its commentaries by az-Zurqani, al-Bannani and al-Kharashi, with Sidi Ahmad ibn al-Jilali al-Amghari. He studied the Tuhfa with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tawudi ibn Sawda
and the Collection of the Adab
of the Teacher and Student by Shaykh Khalil with Sidi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi Bannani. He studied part of Sahih Bukhari
and the Hikam of Ibn 'Ata Allah
with Ahmad ibn al-Khayyat az-Zargari.
He studied az-Zaqqaqiyya with the margin which the shaykh himself wrote, with Sidi 'Abdu's'-Salam al-Huwari; the Alfiyya with al-Makudi and al-Muwaddih with Sidi Khalil al-Khalidi; part of the Jami' al-Jawami' and part of the Musnad
of Ahmad ibn Hanbal
with Muhammad ibn Jaafar al-Kittani
; Khalil's Mukhtasar, a summary of the Mukhtasar as-Sa'd, and part of Tawhid al-Murshid with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran
with Sidi J. Muhammad Fatha Junun.
From Moulay 'Abdullah ibn Idris al-Badrawi, he learned Sahih Bukhari
, part of Khalil's Mukhtasar, al- Isti'ara of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran
, and part of the Hamziyya by al-Busiri with the commentary of Ibn Hajar
. He learned part of Khalil's Mukhtasar, ash-Shifa' by Qadi
Ayyad ben Moussa
and part of al-Murshid al-Mu'in by Mayyara
from Sidi Hammad as-Sanhaji. He also studied al-Murshid al-Mu'in from Sidi Muhammad ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman al-Filali.
's Mukhtasar, the Muwatta of Imam Malik, as-Sanusiyya, and tafsir. He continued to undertake the tasks of his educational and secondary work until he immigrated to Meknès
in 1936. There he continued his scholarly activity by giving lessons in the Zaytuna Mosque
on tafsir
and fiqh
using the Risala of al-Qayrawani, and in tasawwuf using the Hikam, al-Murshid al-Mu'in, the ash-Shifa of Qadi Iyad
, as-Sullam by Bannani, and the Alfiyya by al-Makudi.
in Damascus
and he also received one from the Qadi of Tlemcen
, Sidi Abu Shu'ayb, and oral ijazahs from Ahmad ibn al-Jilali al-Amghari, and Sidi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi Bannani. In 1931 he went to the Hijaz for hajj
and met with many scholars, including Shaykh Bakhit al-Muti'i and Shaykh as-Simaluti. In Syria
he met Tawfiq al-Ayyubi and Badur'd-din ad-Dimishaqi. Later he travelled to Algiers
and met Sidi Muhammad ibn Jalul and Sidi Ahmad in Blida
, and Sidi Muhammad al-Qadi in the Oujda
area. While there, he gave lessons on Sahih Bukhari and al-Murshid al-Mu'in with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran.
He left Meknès
, in the company of his wives, intending to performing a third hajj in 1972, but died in Blida on January 10, 1972. He was buried in the same day in the Darqawi zawiya which he himself had inaugurated. On January 31 of the same year he was re-buried at Darb al-Pasha (Meknès), in his zawiya near the Zaytuna mosque.
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic teacher, author, and shaykh of the Darqawa
Darqawa
The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood. The Darqawa consisted of the followers of Sheikh Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi . The movement, which became one of the leading orders in Morocco, exalted poverty and asceticism. It gained widespread support...
tariqa in Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
.
Background
Ibn al-Habib's ancestors were based in MarrakechMarrakech
Marrakech or Marrakesh , known as the "Ochre city", is the most important former imperial city in Morocco's history...
, Morocco and he is related to Moulay Abdallah Amghar, a descendant of a Sayyid
Sayyid
Sayyid is an honorific title, it denotes males accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husain ibn Ali, sons of the prophet's daughter Fatima Zahra and his son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib.Daughters of sayyids are given the titles Sayyida,...
line which goes back to Ali ibn Abi Talib (d.660) and Husayn ibn Ali
Husayn ibn Ali
Hussein ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib was the son of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib and Fātimah Zahrā...
(d.680). This branch of the family immigrated to Tafilalt
Tafilalt
Tafilalt or Tafilet is a region and the most important oasis of the Moroccan Sahara; it is also considered one of the largest oases in the world, the oasis is entirely located along the Ziz River. The oasis is ten days' journey south of Fez, across the Atlas Mountains...
and settled there. His father immigrated to Fes
Fes
Fes or Fez is the second largest city of Morocco, after Casablanca, with a population of approximately 1 million . It is the capital of the Fès-Boulemane region....
, where his descendants still live.
Life & Education
Muhammad Ibn al-Habib was born in Fes in 1876. At the proper age, he went to the Qur'anic kuttab at Qantara Abu'r-Ru'us where he studied with Sidi al-Hashimi as-Sanhaji, learning Quranic reading, writing and recitation. He also studied with Sidi Ahmad al-Filali in the school of Qasba an-Nawwar and memorised the Qur'an under him. In about 1894, he began studies at the Abu'l-Junud Mosque, studying with Sidi Mahmad al-Irari, concentrating on the AjrummiyyaMohammed ibn Adjurrum
Mohammed ibn Adjurrum or Abu Abdallah Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Dawud ibn Adjurrum es-Sanhadji was a famous grammarian from Morocco whose synopsis of Arabic grammar Al-Muqadimma al-Adjurrumiya fi Mabadi Ilm al-Arabiya was published in twelve different European versions and editions...
, the Alfiyya, as-Sullam by Bannani and at-Tirmidhi's Shamā'il.
Then in the Al-Qarawiyyin mosque, he studied Khalil's
Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi
Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi was an Egyptian jurisprudent in Maliki Islamic law who taught in Medina and Cairo. His Mukhtasar, known as the "Mukhtasar of Khalil", is considered an epitome of shariah law according to the Maliki madhhab, and is regarded as the most authoritative legal manual by North...
Mukhtasar
Mukhtasar
Mukhtaṣar , in Islamic law, refers to a concise handbook of legal treatises, characterized by neatness and clarity. Mukhtasars originated during the Abbasid caliphate and were created as a method to facilitate the quick training of lawyers without the repetitiveness of lengthy volumes, yet...
including its commentaries by az-Zurqani, al-Bannani and al-Kharashi, with Sidi Ahmad ibn al-Jilali al-Amghari. He studied the Tuhfa with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tawudi ibn Sawda
Mohammed al-Tawdi ibn Suda
Mohammed ibn al-Talib al-Tawudi ibn Suda was one of the most influential scholars of the 18th century in Morocco, both politically and intellectually. He is described by the Egyptian historian, Al-Jabarti, as the "crescent of the Maghrib"...
and the Collection of the Adab
Adab
Adab or Udab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur. It was located at the site of modern Bismaya or Bismya in the Wasit Governorate of Iraq.-History:...
of the Teacher and Student by Shaykh Khalil with Sidi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi Bannani. He studied part of Sahih Bukhari
Sahih Bukhari
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī , as it is commonly referred to, is one of the six canonical hadith collections of Islam. These prophetic traditions, or hadith, were collected by the Persian Muslim scholar Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, after being transmitted orally for generations. Muslims view this as one of...
and the Hikam of Ibn 'Ata Allah
Ibn 'Ata Allah
Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ibn 'Ata Allah al-Iskandari , the third sheikh of the Shadhili Sufi order was born and grew up in Alexandria, lived and died in Cairo. He was responsible for systematizing the order's doctrines and recording the biographies of its founder, Sidi Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, and his...
with Ahmad ibn al-Khayyat az-Zargari.
He studied az-Zaqqaqiyya with the margin which the shaykh himself wrote, with Sidi 'Abdu's'-Salam al-Huwari; the Alfiyya with al-Makudi and al-Muwaddih with Sidi Khalil al-Khalidi; part of the Jami' al-Jawami' and part of the Musnad
Musnad
Musnad may refer to:*South Arabian alphabet*Musnad hadith*Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal...
of Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hanbal Abu `Abd Allah al-Shaybani was an important Muslim scholar and theologian. He is considered the founder of the Hanbali school of fiqh...
with Muhammad ibn Jaafar al-Kittani
Muhammad ibn Jaafar al-Kittani
Mohammed ibn Jaafar ibn Idris al-Kattani was a Moroccan scholar and theologian from the 19th century...
; Khalil's Mukhtasar, a summary of the Mukhtasar as-Sa'd, and part of Tawhid al-Murshid with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran
Mohammed ibn Kiran
Abu Abd Allah Mohammed al-Tayyib ibn Abd al-Majid ibn Abd as-Salam Ibn Kiran al-Fasi was a Moroccan, religious scholar from Fes. He also played an active political role....
with Sidi J. Muhammad Fatha Junun.
From Moulay 'Abdullah ibn Idris al-Badrawi, he learned Sahih Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī , as it is commonly referred to, is one of the six canonical hadith collections of Islam. These prophetic traditions, or hadith, were collected by the Persian Muslim scholar Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, after being transmitted orally for generations. Muslims view this as one of...
, part of Khalil's Mukhtasar, al- Isti'ara of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran
Mohammed ibn Kiran
Abu Abd Allah Mohammed al-Tayyib ibn Abd al-Majid ibn Abd as-Salam Ibn Kiran al-Fasi was a Moroccan, religious scholar from Fes. He also played an active political role....
, and part of the Hamziyya by al-Busiri with the commentary of Ibn Hajar
Ibn Hajar
There were several Muslim scholars named "Ibn Hajar"*Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani – Shafi'i and Hadith scholar*Ibn Hajar al-Makki al-Haitami - Shafi'i*Ibn Hajar Abi Bakr...
. He learned part of Khalil's Mukhtasar, ash-Shifa' by Qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
Ayyad ben Moussa
Ayyad ben Moussa
Qadi Ayyad ibn Musa or Abu al-Fadl Ayyad ibn Amr ibn Musa ibn Ayyad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Musa ibn Ayyad al-Yahsubi al-Sabti born in Ceuta , then belonging to the Almoravid Empire, was the great imam of that city and, later, a high judge in...
and part of al-Murshid al-Mu'in by Mayyara
Mahamad Mayyara
Abu Abd Allah Mahamad ibn Ahmad Mayyara was a jurist and theologian from Fes, one of the most reputable scholars of his time. He is the author of a commentary on the Tuhfa by Ibn Asim, a commentary on Al-Musrhid al mumin by his teacher Ibn Ashir and Sharh al-Shaykh Mayyara li-Lamiyya al-Zaqqaq,...
from Sidi Hammad as-Sanhaji. He also studied al-Murshid al-Mu'in from Sidi Muhammad ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman al-Filali.
Teachings
He stopped his studies in 1901 and began voluntary instruction at the Qasba an-Nawwar mosque, teaching al-Murshid al-Mu'in, KhalilKhalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi
Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi was an Egyptian jurisprudent in Maliki Islamic law who taught in Medina and Cairo. His Mukhtasar, known as the "Mukhtasar of Khalil", is considered an epitome of shariah law according to the Maliki madhhab, and is regarded as the most authoritative legal manual by North...
's Mukhtasar, the Muwatta of Imam Malik, as-Sanusiyya, and tafsir. He continued to undertake the tasks of his educational and secondary work until he immigrated to Meknès
Meknes
Meknes is a city in northern Morocco, located from the capital Rabat and from Fes. It is served by the A2 expressway between those two cities and by the corresponding railway. Meknes was the capital of Morocco under the reign of Moulay Ismail , before it was relocated to Marrakech. The...
in 1936. There he continued his scholarly activity by giving lessons in the Zaytuna Mosque
Zaytuna Mosque
Al-Zaytuna Mosque, or Ez-Zitouna or Ezzitouna Mosque is a major mosque in Tunis, Tunisia.The mosque is the oldest in the Capital of Tunisia and covers an area of with nine entrances....
on tafsir
Tafsir
Tafseer is the Arabic word for exegesis or commentary, usually of the Qur'an. Ta'wīl is a subset of tafsir and refers to esoteric or mystical interpretation. An author of tafsir is a mufassir .- Etymology :...
and fiqh
Fiqh
Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the code of conduct expounded in the Quran, often supplemented by tradition and implemented by the rulings and interpretations of Islamic jurists....
using the Risala of al-Qayrawani, and in tasawwuf using the Hikam, al-Murshid al-Mu'in, the ash-Shifa of Qadi Iyad
Ayyad ben Moussa
Qadi Ayyad ibn Musa or Abu al-Fadl Ayyad ibn Amr ibn Musa ibn Ayyad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Musa ibn Ayyad al-Yahsubi al-Sabti born in Ceuta , then belonging to the Almoravid Empire, was the great imam of that city and, later, a high judge in...
, as-Sullam by Bannani, and the Alfiyya by al-Makudi.
His Ijazah & Journeys
Shaykh Sidi Badru'd-din ad-Dismishqi gave him a written ijazahIjazah
An ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Sunni Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge...
in Damascus
Damascus
Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
and he also received one from the Qadi of Tlemcen
Tlemcen
Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the province of the same name. It is located inland in the center of a region known for its olive plantations and vineyards...
, Sidi Abu Shu'ayb, and oral ijazahs from Ahmad ibn al-Jilali al-Amghari, and Sidi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi Bannani. In 1931 he went to the Hijaz for hajj
Hajj
The Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the largest pilgrimages in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, a religious duty that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so...
and met with many scholars, including Shaykh Bakhit al-Muti'i and Shaykh as-Simaluti. In Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
he met Tawfiq al-Ayyubi and Badur'd-din ad-Dimishaqi. Later he travelled to Algiers
Algiers
' is the capital and largest city of Algeria. According to the 1998 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570 and that of the urban agglomeration was 2,135,630. In 2009, the population was about 3,500,000...
and met Sidi Muhammad ibn Jalul and Sidi Ahmad in Blida
Blida
Blida is a city in Algeria. It is the capital of Blida Province, and it is located about 45 km south-west of Algiers, the national capital. The name Blida, i.e...
, and Sidi Muhammad al-Qadi in the Oujda
Oujda
Oujda is a city in eastern Morocco with an estimated population of 1 million. The city is located about 15 kilometers west of Algeria and about 60 kilometers south of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the Oriental Region of Morocco and the birthplace of the current Algerian president,...
area. While there, he gave lessons on Sahih Bukhari and al-Murshid al-Mu'in with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran.
He left Meknès
Meknes
Meknes is a city in northern Morocco, located from the capital Rabat and from Fes. It is served by the A2 expressway between those two cities and by the corresponding railway. Meknes was the capital of Morocco under the reign of Moulay Ismail , before it was relocated to Marrakech. The...
, in the company of his wives, intending to performing a third hajj in 1972, but died in Blida on January 10, 1972. He was buried in the same day in the Darqawi zawiya which he himself had inaugurated. On January 31 of the same year he was re-buried at Darb al-Pasha (Meknès), in his zawiya near the Zaytuna mosque.