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The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; ) is a conservative political party
Political party

A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain politics power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns....
 in Mozambique
Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
 led by Afonso Dhlakama
Afonso Dhlakama

Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama is a Mozambique politician and leader of RENAMO, a former rebel movement turned political party.He is the leader of RENAMO, a former anti-communist guerrilla warfare organization that was formed and initially supported by the Rhodesian white minority government to oppose Marxist FRELIMO) government....
. It fought against the FRELIMO in the Mozambican Civil War
Mozambican Civil War

The Mozambican Civil War began in 1977, two years after the end of the Mozambican War of Independence. The ruling party, FRELIMO , was violently opposed from 1977 by the Rhodesian, and later South African, funded Mozambican National Resistance ....
 from 1975 to 1992 and against the Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo River rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east....
an government of Robert Mugabe
Robert Mugabe

Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the List of Presidents of Zimbabwe of Zimbabwe. He has held power as the head of government since 1980, as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987, and as the first executive head of state since 1987....
.

RENAMO was founded in 1975 following Mozambique's independence, as an anti-Communist political organization, sponsored by the Central Intelligence Organization
Central Intelligence Organization

The Central Intelligence Organiztion is the national intelligence agency or "secret police" of Zimbabwe. The CIO was formed in Rhodesia on the instructions of Prime Minister Winston Field in 1963 at the dissolution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and took over from the Federal Intelligence and Security Bureau, which was a co-ord...
 of Rhodesia
Rhodesia

Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colonies of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent on 11 November 1965. The name was also used with the establishment of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979....
. André Matsangaissa
André Matsangaissa

Andr? Matade Matsangaissa was a Mozambique anti-communist rebel and the first leader of the Rhodesian-backed RENAMO .Matsangaissa joined FRELIMO in 1972, and after FRELIMO's victory in 1975 he became a quartermaster stationed at Dondo, near Beira, Mozambique....
, an ex-FRELIMO army commander, was its first leader. The Ian Smith
Ian Smith

Ian Douglas Smith Legion of Merit Independence Decoration served as the Prime Minister of Rhodesia of the United Kingdom self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965 and as the first Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 11 November 1965 to 1 June 1979 during white minority rule....
 administration in Rhodesia sought to prevent the FRELIMO government from providing a safe haven for Zimbabwe African National Union
Zimbabwe African National Union

The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against white minority rule in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union ....
 militants seeking to overthrow the Rhodesian government.






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The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; ) is a conservative political party
Political party

A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain politics power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns....
 in Mozambique
Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
 led by Afonso Dhlakama
Afonso Dhlakama

Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama is a Mozambique politician and leader of RENAMO, a former rebel movement turned political party.He is the leader of RENAMO, a former anti-communist guerrilla warfare organization that was formed and initially supported by the Rhodesian white minority government to oppose Marxist FRELIMO) government....
. It fought against the FRELIMO in the Mozambican Civil War
Mozambican Civil War

The Mozambican Civil War began in 1977, two years after the end of the Mozambican War of Independence. The ruling party, FRELIMO , was violently opposed from 1977 by the Rhodesian, and later South African, funded Mozambican National Resistance ....
 from 1975 to 1992 and against the Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo River rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east....
an government of Robert Mugabe
Robert Mugabe

Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the List of Presidents of Zimbabwe of Zimbabwe. He has held power as the head of government since 1980, as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987, and as the first executive head of state since 1987....
.

RENAMO was founded in 1975 following Mozambique's independence, as an anti-Communist political organization, sponsored by the Central Intelligence Organization
Central Intelligence Organization

The Central Intelligence Organiztion is the national intelligence agency or "secret police" of Zimbabwe. The CIO was formed in Rhodesia on the instructions of Prime Minister Winston Field in 1963 at the dissolution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and took over from the Federal Intelligence and Security Bureau, which was a co-ord...
 of Rhodesia
Rhodesia

Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colonies of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent on 11 November 1965. The name was also used with the establishment of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979....
. André Matsangaissa
André Matsangaissa

Andr? Matade Matsangaissa was a Mozambique anti-communist rebel and the first leader of the Rhodesian-backed RENAMO .Matsangaissa joined FRELIMO in 1972, and after FRELIMO's victory in 1975 he became a quartermaster stationed at Dondo, near Beira, Mozambique....
, an ex-FRELIMO army commander, was its first leader. The Ian Smith
Ian Smith

Ian Douglas Smith Legion of Merit Independence Decoration served as the Prime Minister of Rhodesia of the United Kingdom self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965 and as the first Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 11 November 1965 to 1 June 1979 during white minority rule....
 administration in Rhodesia sought to prevent the FRELIMO government from providing a safe haven for Zimbabwe African National Union
Zimbabwe African National Union

The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against white minority rule in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union ....
 militants seeking to overthrow the Rhodesian government. Matsangaissa was killed by government soldiers on 17 October 1979 in Sofala Province
Sofala Province

Sofala is a Provinces of Mozambique of Mozambique. It has an area of 68,018 km? and a population of 1.676.131 . Beira is the capital of the province....
. Following a violent succession struggle, Afonso Dhlakama
Afonso Dhlakama

Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama is a Mozambique politician and leader of RENAMO, a former rebel movement turned political party.He is the leader of RENAMO, a former anti-communist guerrilla warfare organization that was formed and initially supported by the Rhodesian white minority government to oppose Marxist FRELIMO) government....
 became the new RENAMO leader. During the Mozambican Civil War of the 1980s, RENAMO also received support from South Africa
South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
. In the United States, the Central Intelligence Agency and conservative lobbying was strongly resisted by the State Department, which would "not recognize or negotiate with RENAMO" and convinced President Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States and the 33rd Governor of California . Born in Illinois, Reagan moved to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s, where he was an actor, president of the Screen Actors Guild , and a spokesman for General Electric ....
 and the Congress to support FRELIMO.

Zimbabwe

RENAMO forces attacked an army base in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo River rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east....
 near Dukosa on June 17, 1987, killing seven soldiers and wounding 19. RENAMO attacked the Katigo Tea Estate, destroying valuable property, in July and killed three men in Rushinga in August.

On November 30, RENAMO militants burned down 13 houses.

Between December 1987 and January 21, 1988 RENAMO performed 101 attacks near the Mozambique-Zimbabwe border.

South Africa

In 1984 the South African and Mozambican governments signed the Nkomati Accord
Nkomati Accord

The Nkomati Accord was a peace treaty signed on 16 March 1984 between the Mozambique and the apartheid government of the Republic of South Africa....
, in which South Africa agreed to stop sponsoring RENAMO if the Mozambican government expelled exiled members of the African National Congress
African National Congress

The African National Congress has been South Africa's governing party, supported by its tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the South African Communist Party , since the establishment of non-racial democracy in May 1994....
 residing there. However, the Mozambican government did not expel the exiled members of the ANC and consequently the apartheid government continued funneling financial and military resources until a permanent peace accord
Rome General Peace Accords

The Rome General Peace Accords between the Mozambican Civil War parties, the Frelimo and the Renamo , put an end to the Mozambique Civil War. It was signed on October 4, 1992....
 was reached in 1992 and was supervised by the United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) until 1994.

The peace accord led to the disarmament of RENAMO, to the integration of some of its fighters into the Mozambican army and to its transformation into a regular political party. It is now the main opposition party in Mozambique. At the last legislative elections
Elections in Mozambique

Elections in Mozambique gives information on election and election results in politics of Mozambique.Mozambique elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature....
, 1 and 2 December 2004 , the party was the main part of the Renamo-UE
Renamo-UE

The RENAMO-Electoral Union is an alliance of political party in Mozambique, led by the Mozambican National Resistance of Afonso Dhlakama.In the Mozambican parliamentary election, 2004 held on 1–2 December 2004, the alliance received 29.7% of the popular vote and won 90 out of 250 seats....
 electoral alliance, that won 29.7 % of the popular vote and 90 out of 250 seats. The presidential candidate of this alliance, Afonso Dhlakama
Afonso Dhlakama

Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama is a Mozambique politician and leader of RENAMO, a former rebel movement turned political party.He is the leader of RENAMO, a former anti-communist guerrilla warfare organization that was formed and initially supported by the Rhodesian white minority government to oppose Marxist FRELIMO) government....
, won 31.7 % of the popular vote.

Raul Domingos
Raul Domingos

Raul Domingos is a Mozambique politician who was part of Renamo until being thrown out on 7 July, 2000. At the time, he had been considered the most likely successor to party leader Afonso Dhlakama....
, negotiator at the Rome General Peace Accords
Rome General Peace Accords

The Rome General Peace Accords between the Mozambican Civil War parties, the Frelimo and the Renamo , put an end to the Mozambique Civil War. It was signed on October 4, 1992....
 and RENAMO's leader in parliament from 1994–1999, was expelled from the party in 2000, and in 2003, founded the Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development
Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development

The Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development is a political party in Mozambique.At the last legislative elections in Mozambique, 1 December and 2 December 2004, the party won 2.0% of the popular vote and no seats....
.

See also

  • Heads of the National Resistance Government of Mozambique
    Heads of the National Resistance Government of Mozambique

    The National Resistance Government of Mozambique was in place from the start of the civil war against the central government of Mozambique in 1975 until an accord was reached with the government on 9 October 1992....


External links