Medieval states in Anatolia - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Anatolia

Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...

is a big peninsula in West Asia and forms one of the two passages between Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

and Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. All through history, many states both completely independent and vassal, were founded. Below is the list of states (including principalities) in Anatolia during middle ages.

Name of the state	Duration of rule	Notes
Ahis	1290-1362	Religious fraternity
Aq Qoyunlu	1378-1508
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , also known as the Cilician Armenia, Kingdom of Cilician Armenia or New Armenia, was an independent principality formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia...	1198-1375	Issued from Byzantine Empire
Artuqids	1102-1233
Alaiye Alaiye Alaiye is the medieval Seljuq name for Alanya . The city name is derived from the name of Sultan Kayqubad I. It refers to the city-state in a specific period and the beylik which developed around there, at times under the Karamanid dynasty...	1293-1471	Vassal of Karaman
Aydinids	1300-1425
Jandarids (later: Isfendiyarids)	1292-1461
Tzachas	1081-1098
Chobanids	1211-1309
Beylik of Çubukoğulları Beylik of Çubukoğulları Beylik of Çubukoğulları was a small and short-lived principality in East Anatolia, Turkey between 1085 and 1112.Çubuk was a commander in the Seljuk army. After the battle of Malazgirt in 1071, he fought in East Anatolia and was tasked with capturing the important fort of Harput . He captured the...	1085-1112	Vassal of Great Seljuk Empire
Beylik of Demleç	1085-1410
Dulkadirids	1348-1515
Eretnids	1335-1390	Issued from Ilkhanids
Beylik of Erzincan Beylik of Erzincan Beylik of Erzincan was a principality in East Anatolia, Turkey in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries.- Background :After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, Ilkhanid Mongols became the de facto rulers of Anatolia...	1378-1410	Issued from Eretnids
Eshrefids	1285-1326
Germiyanids	1300-1429
Hamidids	1300-1391
Beylik of İnal Beylik of İnal Beylik of İnal also called İnaloğlu or Yinaloğlu was a small principality in East Anatolia in the 12th century....	1095-1183	Mostly vassal of its neighbours
Beylik of Kadi Burhan al-Din Kadi Burhan al-Din Kadi Burhan al-Din Ahmed was vizier and atabeg to the Eretnid rulers of Anatolia. In 783 AH he took over Eretnid lands and claimed the title of sultan for himself. He was an outstanding Turkish poet. He was also a poet who wrote primarily in Persian...	1381-1398	Continuation of Eretnids
Karamanids	1277-1487
Karasids	1296-1357
Beylik of Lâdik	1262-1391
Beylik of Menteşe	1261-1424
Beylik of Pervane Pervâneoglu Pervâneoğlu was an Anatolian beylik centered in Sinop on the Black Sea coast and controlling the immediately surrounding region in the second half of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th .The founder of the Beylik, The Pervâne Mu‘in al-Din Suleyman...	1277-1322
Ramadanids	1252-1517	Mostly vassal of Memluks Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt was the final independent Egyptian state prior to the establishment of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1805. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid Dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. The sultanate's ruling caste was composed of Mamluks, Arabised...
Beylik of Sahip Ata Sâhib Ata Fakhr al-Din Ali, better known as Sâhib Ata or Sâhip Ata, held a number of high offices at the court of the Sultanate of Rum from the 1250s until his death in 1288. He was the dominant personality in Anatolia after the death of the Pervane Mu’in al-Din Suleyman in 1277...	1275-1341
Sarukhanids	1300-1410
Ahlatshahs Ahlatshahs Ahlahshahs were the 11th-12th century rulers of an Anatolian beylik of the first period founded after the Battle of Manzikert, and centered in Ahlat on the northwestern shore of the Lake Van in Eastern Anatolia...	1100-1207
Beylik of Tanrıbermiş Beylik of Tanrıbermiş Beylik of Tanrıbermiş was a small and short-lived principality in Western Anatolia, during the late 11th century.After the battle of Malazgirt in 1071, Oghuz Turkmen tribes led by ghazi warriors began to settle in Anatolia. A ghazi named Tanrıbermiş was one of them. Beginning by 1074 he founded a...	1074-1098
Beylik of Teke Beylik of Teke The Anatolian beylik of Teke with its capital at Antalya was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. The dynasty started with a split of territories between two brothers of the dynasty ruling the neighboring Beylik of...	1321-1423	Issued from Hamidids
Beyliks of Canik Beyliks of Canik Beyliks of Canik is a name given to a group of small Turkmen principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.- Background :After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, Ilkhanid Mongols became the de facto rulers of Anatolia...	1307-1460	Actually 6 beyliks
Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...	0395-1453	During 1204-1261 Empire of Nicea
County of Edessa County of Edessa The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around Edessa, a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity....	1098-1149	Crusader state
Danishmends Danishmends The Danishmend dynasty was a Turcoman dynasty that ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries. The centered originally around Sivas, Tokat, and Niksar in central-northeastern Anatolia, they extended as far west as Ankara and Kastamonu for a time, and as far south as...	1071-1178
Emirate of Armenia Emirate of Armenia The Emirate of Armenia , also called the Principality of Armenia, refers to an aristocratic regime in early medieval Armenia that flourished in the period of interregnum between the seventh and ninth centuries, following the Marzpanate Period when the leading political authority was exercised by a...	0654-0884	Vassal of Arabic Empire
Empire of Nicaea Empire of Nicaea The Empire of Nicaea was the largest of the three Byzantine Greek successor states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade...	1204-1261	Byzantine Empire after the loss of capital
Empire of Trebizond Empire of Trebizond The Empire of Trebizond, founded in April 1204, was one of three Byzantine successor states of the Byzantine Empire. However, the creation of the Empire of Trebizond was not directly related to the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, rather it had broken away from the Byzantine Empire...	1204-1261	Issued from Byzantine Empire
Karakoyunlu Turkmens (Black sheep Turkmens) Kara Koyunlu The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, north-western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans at one...	1375-1468
Latin Empire Latin Empire The Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople is the name given by historians to the feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261...	1204-1261	Crusader state
Mengujekids	1072-1277
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	1299-1922	Called beylik in the early years
Principality of Antioch Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch, including parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria, was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade.-Foundation:...	1098-1268	Crusader state
Saltukids	1072-1202
Sultanate of Rum Sultanate of Rûm The Sultanate of Rum , also known as the Anatolian Seljuk State , was a Turkic state centered in in Anatolia, with capitals first at İznik and then at Konya. Since the court of the sultanate was highly mobile, cities like Kayseri and Sivas also functioned at times as capitals...	1077-1307	Issued from the Great Seljuk Empire

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