Lotidae
Encyclopedia
Lotidae is a family of cod
-like fishes commonly known as lings or rocklings.
They are found in the Arctic
, Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
s. All species are marine, except for the burbot
, Lota lota, found in rivers and lakes in northern Europe
and America
.
They are important commercial and game fishes.
Cod
Cod is the common name for genus Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name for various other fishes. Cod is a popular food with a mild flavor, low fat content and a dense, flaky white flesh. Cod livers are processed to make cod liver oil, an important source of...
-like fishes commonly known as lings or rocklings.
They are found in the Arctic
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
, Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
s. All species are marine, except for the burbot
Burbot
The burbot is the only gadiform fish inhabiting freshwaters. It is also known as mariah, the lawyer, and eelpout. It is closely related to the marine common ling and the cusk...
, Lota lota, found in rivers and lakes in northern Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
.
They are important commercial and game fishes.
Species
There are 23 species in six genera:- Genus Brosme
- CuskCusk (fish)The cusk or tusk, Brosme brosme, is a marine cod-like fish in the ling family Lotidae. It is the only species in the genus Brosme. Other common names include brismak, brosmius, torsk and moonfish.-Description:...
, Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772)
- Cusk
- Genus Ciliata
- Fivebeard rocklingFivebeard rocklingThe fivebeard rockling is a coastal fish of the Lotidae family. Its body is elongated and up to long. It lives in shallow water on muddy and sandy seafloors, sometimes in the littoral zone...
, Ciliata mustela (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758) - Northern rockling, Ciliata septentrionalis (Collett, 1875)
- Ciliata tchangi Li, 1994
- Fivebeard rockling
- Genus Enchelyopus
- Fourbeard rockling, Enchelyopus cimbrius (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1766)
- Fourbeard rockling, Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus
- Genus Gaidropsarus
- Arctic rockling, Gaidropsarus argentatus (Reinhardt, 1837)
- Mediterranean bigeye rockling, Gaidropsarus biscayensis (Collett, 1890)
- Cape rockling, Gaidropsarus capensis (KaupJohann Jakob KaupJohann Jakob Kaup was a German naturalist.-Biography:He was born at Darmstadt. After studying at Göttingen and Heidelberg he spent two years at Leiden, where his attention was specially devoted to the amphibians and fishes. He then returned to Darmstadt as an assistant in the grand ducal museum,...
, 1858) - Threadfin rockling, Gaidropsarus ensis (Reinhardt, 1837)
- Azores rockling, Gaidropsarus granti (Regan, 1903)
- Gaidropsarus guttatus (Collett, 1890)
- Comb rockling, Gaidropsarus insularum Sivertsen, 1945
- Bigeye rockling, Gaidropsarus macrophthalmus (Günther, 1867)
- Shore rocklingShore rocklingThe Shore rockling is a mottled brown small elongated fish. This eel-like fish has 3 barbels on its head, with 2nd Dorsal fin and Anal fin running the long most of its body...
, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758) - New Zealand ling, Gaidropsarus novaezealandiae (Hector, 1874)
- Gaidropsarus pacificus (TemminckCoenraad Jacob TemminckCoenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...
& SchlegelHermann SchlegelHermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...
, 1846)
- Gaidropsarus pakhorukovi Shcherbachev, 1995
- Gaidropsarus parini Svetovidov, 1986
- Three-bearded rocklingThree-bearded rocklingThe Three-bearded rockling is found in European waters from the central Norwegian coast and the Faroe Islands, through the North Sea and around the British Isles to the region around the Western Mediterranean. They can grow to a maximum length of 60 cm...
, Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Fleming, 1828)
- Genus LotaBurbotThe burbot is the only gadiform fish inhabiting freshwaters. It is also known as mariah, the lawyer, and eelpout. It is closely related to the marine common ling and the cusk...
- BurbotBurbotThe burbot is the only gadiform fish inhabiting freshwaters. It is also known as mariah, the lawyer, and eelpout. It is closely related to the marine common ling and the cusk...
, Lota lota (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758)
- Burbot
- Genus Molva
- Blue lingBlue lingBlue ling is a member of the cod family. It is usually 70 to 110 cm long but the maxium length is 155 cm. Blue ling feeds on fish and on crustaceans and benthic invertebrates. The fish reaches sexual maturity at the age of 6 to 12 years.- References :* * *...
, Molva dypterygia (Pennant, 1784) - Spanish ling, Molva macrophthalma (Günther, 1867)
- Common lingCommon LingThe common ling or simply the ling, Molva molva, is a large member of the cod family. An ocean fish whose habitat is in the Atlantic region and can be found around Iceland, Faroe Islands, British Isles, the Norse coast and occasionally around Newfoundland, the ling has a long slender body that can...
, Molva molva (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758)
- Blue ling