• origin
• insertion
  Insertion (anatomy)
  Insertion is the point at which a muscle attaches to the skin, a bone, or another muscle. The insertion attaches to the structure that will be moved by the contraction of the muscle. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. The opposite end of the muscle is called the origin....
  
  
• synergic muscles
• fixation muscles
• The Mechanics of Muscle

• absolute muscle strength
• The Work Accomplished by Muscles
  • physiological cross-section
  • maximum shortening
  • position of the joint

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Ventrolateral Muscles of the Neck
  Neck
  The neck is the part of the body, on many terrestrial or secondarily aquatic vertebrates, that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The adjective signifying "of the neck" is cervical .-Boner anatomy: The cervical spine:The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven boney...
  
  
• Muscles of the Shoulder girdle and Arm
  Arm
  In human anatomy, the arm is the part of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow joints. In other animals, the term arm can also be used for analogous structures, such as one of the paired forelimbs of a four-legged animal or the arms of cephalopods...
  
  

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Muscles of the Leg
  Human leg
  The human leg is the entire lower extremity or limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region; however, the precise definition in human anatomy refers only to the section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle.Legs are used for standing,...
  
  
• The Muscles of the Head
  Human head
  In human anatomy, the head is the upper portion of the human body. It supports the face and is maintained by the skull, which itself encloses the brain.-Cultural importance:...
  
  

• Striped muscle (Voluntary muscle)
  • perimysium
    Perimysium
    Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles or fascicles.Recent advances in muscle physiology suggest that the perimysium plays a role in transmitting lateral contractile movements...
    
    
  • epimysium
    Epimysium
    Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue, which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it...
    
    
  • fasciculi
    Muscle fascicle
    In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, a type of connective tissue.Specialized muscle fibers in the heart that transmit electrical impulses from the Atrioventricular Node to the Purkinje Fibers are fascicles, also referred to as bundle branches...
    
    
  • endomysium
    Endomysium
    The endomysium, meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. It also contains capillaries, nerves, and lymphatics...
    
    
• muscular fiber
  • sarcolemma
    Sarcolemma
    The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell . It consists of a true cell membrane, called the plasma membrane, and an outer coat made up of a thin layer of polysaccharide material that contains numerous thin collagen fibrils...
    
    

• muscle columns
• sarcoplasm
  Sarcoplasm
  The Sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber is comparable to the cytoplasm of other cells, but it houses unusually large amounts of glycosomes and significant amounts of myoglobin, an oxygen binding protein...
  
  
• areas of Cohnheim
• sarcostyles

• Dobie's line (Kraus's membrane)
• lines of Hensen
• sarcomere
  Sarcomere
  A sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle. Muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells . Muscle cells are composed of tubular myofibrils. Myofibrils are composed of repeating sections of sarcomeres, which appear under the microscope as dark and light bands...
  
  
• sarcous element

• fasciae
  • superficial fascia
    Superficial fascia
    Superficial fascia is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the sternum. It is mainly loose areolar connective tissue...
    
    
    • white fibers
    • yellow elastic fibers
    • matrix
      Nuclear matrix
      In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton...
      
      
    • cells of areolar tissue
      • lamellar cells
      • Clasmatocytes
      • Granule cells
      • Plasma cells
      • wandering cells
        • pigment cells

• Epicranius
• Skin
  Skin
  -Dermis:The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat...
  
   of the Scalp
  Scalp
  The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly.-Layers:It is usually described as having five layers, which can conveniently be remembered as a mnemonic:...
  
  
• superficial fascia
  Superficial fascia
  Superficial fascia is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the sternum. It is mainly loose areolar connective tissue...
  
  
• Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis)

• Levator palpebræ superioris
• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament
    Medial palpebral ligament
    The medial palpebral ligament , about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove....
    
    
  • palpebral portion
  • orbital portion
  • lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi)

• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament
    Medial palpebral ligament
    The medial palpebral ligament , about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove....
    
     (tendo oculi)
  • lateral palpebral raphé
    Lateral palpebral raphe
    The lateral palpebral raphé is a much weaker structure than the medial palpebral ligament.It is attached to the margin of the frontosphenoidal process of the zygomatic bone, and passes medialward to the lateral commissure of the eyelids, where it divides into two slips, which are attached to the...
    
    
• Corrugator
  Corrugator supercilii muscle
  The Corrugator supercilii is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle, placed at the medial end of the eyebrow, beneath the Frontalis and just above Orbicularis oculi....
  
   (Corrugator supercilii)

• Procerus (Pyramidalis nasi)
• Nasalis
  Nasalis muscle
  The nasalis is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage.It consists of two parts, transverse and alar:...
  
   (Compressor naris)
• Depressor septi (Depressor alœ nasi)
• Dilatator naris posterior
• Dilatator naris anterior

• Quadratus labii superioris
  • angular head
  • infraorbital head
  • zygomatic head
• Caninus (Levator anguli oris
  Levator anguli oris
  The levator anguli oris is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen....
  
  )
• Zygomaticus
  Zygomaticus major muscle
  The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly . Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve...
  
   (Zygomaticus major)
• Mentalis
  Mentalis
  The Mentalis is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure...
  
   (Levator menti)
• Quadratus labii inferioris (Depressor labii inferioris; Quadratus menti)
• Triangularis (Depressor anguli oris)
• Transversus menti

• Buccinator
  Buccinator
  The buccinator muscle is a muscle at the side of the face.Buccinator may also refer to:* Buccinator artery * Buccinator lymph node* Buccinator nerve * An ancient Roman buccina player...
  
  
• suctorial pad
• pterygomandibular raphé
  Pterygomandibular raphe
  The pterygomandibular raphe is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.* Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth.*...
  
   (pterygomandibular ligament)
• Orbicularis oris

• lateral band (m. incisivus labii superioris)
• medial band (m. nasolabialis)
• philtrum
  Philtrum
  The philtrum , is a medial cleft common to many mammals, extending from the nose to the upper lip, and, together with a glandular rhinarium and slit-like nostrils, is believed to constitute the primitive condition for mammals in general...
  
  
• m. incisivus labii inferioris
• Risorius
  Risorius
  The risorius is a muscle of facial expression which arises in the fascia over the parotid gland and, passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma, inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth...
  
  

• Parotideomasseteric fascia (masseteric fascia
  Masseteric fascia
  Parotideomasseteric Fascia is a strong layer of fascia derived from the deep cervical fascia on the human head and neck. It covers the Masseter, and is firmly connected to it. Above, this fascia is attached to the lower border of the zygomatic arch, and behind, it invests the parotid gland....
  
  )
• Masseter
• Tooth cement
  Cementum
  Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. These cementoblasts develop from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the connective tissue of the dental...
  
  
  • Cementoenamel junction
    Cementoenamel junction
    The cementoenamel junction, frequently abbreviated as the CEJ, is an anatomical border identified on a tooth. It is the location where the enamel, which covers the anatomical crown of a tooth, and the cementum, which covers the anatomical root of a tooth, meet...
    
    
    • Cementoma
      Cementoma
      Cementoma is an odontogenic tumor of cementum.It occurs in usually after root development is finished but before the age of 25. It is found most commonly in the mandible in the region of the lower molar teeth. It causes distortion of its sourrounding areas but is a usually painless growth , at...
      
      
  • Cementoblast
    Cementoblast
    A cementoblast is a biological cell that forms from the follicular cells around the root of a tooth, and whose biological function is cementogenesis, which is the creation of cementum ....
    
    
    • Cementoblastoma
      Cementoblastoma
      Cementoblastoma, or benign cementoblastoma, is a relatively uncommon benign neoplasm of the cementum of the teeth.-Clinical features:Cementoblastoma usually occurs in people under the age of 25, often involving the mandibular molars or premolars. The involved tooth usually has a vital pulp...
      
      
    • Cementogenesis
      Cementogenesis
      Cementogenesis is the formation of cementum, one of the three mineralized substances of a tooth. For cementogenesis to begin, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath must fragment. Once the root sheath fragments, the dentin that later forms the tooth's root, comes in contact with the dental sac...
      
      
    • Cemento-osseous dysplasia
      Cemento-osseous dysplasia
      Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign condition of the jaws that may arise from the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments. It is most common in African-American females. The three types are periapical cemental dysplasia , focal cemento-osseous dysplasia , and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia...
      
      

• Temporal fascia
  Temporal fascia
  The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle.It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the Auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the Orbicularis oculi....
  
  
• Temporalis (Temporal muscle)
• Pterygoideus externus (External pterygoid muscle)

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia
  Deep cervical fascia
  The deep cervical fascia lies under cover of the Platysma, and invests the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column...
  
  )
  • investing portion of the fascia
  • Above
    • parotideomasseteric fascia
    • stylomandibular ligament
      Stylomandibular ligament
      The stylomandibular ligament is a specialized band of the cervical fascia, which extends from near the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle and posterior border of the angle of the mandible, between the Masseter and Pterygoideus internus.This ligament separates the parotid...
      
      
    • sphenomandibular ligament
      Sphenomandibular ligament
      The sphenomandibular ligament is a flat, thin band which is attached above to the spina angularis of the sphenoid bone, and, becoming broader as it descends, is fixed to the lingula of the mandibular foramen...
      
      
    • pterygospinous ligament
      Pterygospinous ligament
      The pterygospinous ligament stretches from the upper part of the posterior border of the lateral pterygoid plate to the spinous process of the sphenoid....
      
      

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia
  Deep cervical fascia
  The deep cervical fascia lies under cover of the Platysma, and invests the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column...
  
  )
  • Below
    • suprasternal space (space of Burns)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • carotid sheath
      Carotid sheath
      The carotid sheath is an anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck. It is part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck, below the superficial cervical fascia meaning the subcutaneous adipose tissue immediately beneath the skin.The deep...
      
      
    • prevertebral fascia
      Prevertebral fascia
      The prevertebral fascia is a fascia in the neck.-Variations:In some literature, the prevertebral fascia also includes the rest of the fascia extending around the vertebral column and enclosing all muscles laterally and posteriorly to it...
      
      

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia
  Deep cervical fascia
  The deep cervical fascia lies under cover of the Platysma, and invests the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column...
  
  )
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • prevertebral fascia
      Prevertebral fascia
      The prevertebral fascia is a fascia in the neck.-Variations:In some literature, the prevertebral fascia also includes the rest of the fascia extending around the vertebral column and enclosing all muscles laterally and posteriorly to it...
      
      
      • buccopharyngeal fascia
        Buccopharyngeal fascia
        Parallel to the carotid sheath and along its medial aspect the prevertebral fascia gives off a thin lamina, the buccopharyngeal fascia, which closely invests the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and is continued forward from the constrictor pharyngis superior onto the buccinator.It is attached to...
        
        
      • retropharyngeal space
        Retropharyngeal space
        The retropharyngeal space is a space bounded by the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and the alar fascia posteriorly.It includes the retropharyngeal lymph nodes....
        
        
    • pretrachial fascia
• Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle)
• Triangles of the neck
  Triangles of the neck
  Anatomists use the term triangles of the neck to describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the...
  
  
  • anterior triangle

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle
  Digastric muscle
  The digastric muscle is a small muscle located under the jaw. so digastric muscles are muscle fibers in ligament of treitz ,omohyoid , occipitofrontalis....
  
  )
  • posterior belly
  • anterior belly

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle
  Digastric muscle
  The digastric muscle is a small muscle located under the jaw. so digastric muscles are muscle fibers in ligament of treitz ,omohyoid , occipitofrontalis....
  
  )
  • suprahyoid aponeurosis
  • submaxillary triangle
    Submaxillary triangle
    The submandibular triangle corresponds to the region of the neck immediately beneath the body of the mandible.-Boundaries and coverings:It is bounded:...
    
    
  • carotid triangle
  • suprahyoid triangle
    Suprahyoid triangle
    The submental triangle is a division of the anterior triangle of the neck.-Boundaries:It is limited:* behind by the anterior belly of the Digastricus,...
    
     or submental triangle
• Stylohyoideus (Stylohyoid muscle
  Stylohyoid muscle
  The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve, and functions to draw the hyoid bone backwards and elevate the tongue....
  
  )
• Omohyoideus
• Stylohyoid ligament
  Stylohyoid ligament
  In connection with the stylohyoideus muscle a ligamentous band, the stylohyoid ligament, may be described.It is a fibrous cord, which is attached to the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone....
  
   (ligamentum stylohyoideus)

• Stylohyoid ligament
  Stylohyoid ligament
  In connection with the stylohyoideus muscle a ligamentous band, the stylohyoid ligament, may be described.It is a fibrous cord, which is attached to the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone....
  
   (ligamentum stylohyoideus)
  • epihyal
• Mylohyoideus (Mylohyoid muscle
  Mylohyoid muscle
  The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. It is named for its two attachments, with the prefix "mylo" coming from the Greek word for "molar". These muscles are mesodermal in origin...
  
  )
• Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle
  Geniohyoid muscle
  The Geniohyoid muscle is a narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. It is named for its passage from the chin to the hyoid bone.-Origin and insertion:...
  
  )

• Sternohyoideus (Sternohyoid muscle
  Sternohyoid muscle
  The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone...
  
  )
• Sternothyreoideus (Sternothyroid muscle
  Sternothyroid muscle
  The Sternothyreoideus is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated.It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is...
  
  )

• Thyreohyoideus (Thyrohyoid muscle
  Thyrohyoid muscle
  The Thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group....
  
  )
• Omohyoideus (Omohyoid muscle
  Omohyoid muscle
  The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles...
  
  )
  • occipital triangle
    Occipital triangle
    The occipital triangle, the larger division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, in front, by the Sternocleidomastoideus; behind, by the Trapezius; below, by the Omohyoideus....
    
    
  • subclavian triangle
    Subclavian triangle
    The subclavian triangle , the smaller division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, above, by the inferior belly of the Omohyoideus; below, by the clavicle; its base is formed by the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus.Its floor is formed by the first rib with the first digitation of...
    
    
  • carotid triangle
  • muscular triangle

• Longus capitis (Rectus capitis anticus major)
• Rectus capitis anterior (Rectus capitis anticus minor)
• Rectus capitis lateralis

• Scalenus anterior
  Scalenus anterior
  The Scalenus anterior , also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus.-Anatomy:...
  
   (Scalenus anticus)
• Scalenus medius
  Scalenus medius
  The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first...
  
  
• Scalenus posterior
  Scalenus posterior
  The Scalenus posterior , the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second...
  
   (Scalenus posticus)

• Lumbodorsal fascia (fascia lumbodorsalis; lumbar aponeurosis and vertebral fascia)
  • nuchal fascia
• Splenius capitis
• Splenius cervicis (Splenius colli)
• Sacrospinalis (Erector spinæ)

• Iliocostalis
  Iliocostalis
  The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial...
  
  
  • Iliocostalis lumborum (Iliocostalis muscle; Sacrolumbalis muscle)
  • Iliocostalis dorsi (Musculus accessorius)
  • Iliocostalis cervicis (Cervicalis ascendens)
• Longissimus
  Longissimus
  The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae.-Longissimus thoracis:...
  
  
  • Longissimus dorsi
  • Longissimus cervicis (Transversalis cervicis)
  • Longissimus capitis (Trachelomastoid muscle)
• Spinalis
  Spinalis
  The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts.-Spinalis dorsi:...
  
  
  • Spinalis dorsi

• Spinalis
  Spinalis
  The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts.-Spinalis dorsi:...
  
  
  • Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli)
  • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Semispinalis
  • Semispinalis dorsi
    Semispinalis dorsi
    The Semispinalis dorsi consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length....
    
    
  • Semispinalis cervicis
    Semispinalis cervicis
    The semispinalis cervicis , thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive.The fasciculus...
    
     (Semispinalis colli)
  • Semispinalis capitis
    Semispinalis capitis
    The Semispinalis capitis is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis....
    
     (Complexus)
    • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Multifidus (Multifidus spinæ)
• Rotatores (Rotatores spinæ)
• Interspinales

• Extensor coccygis
• Intertransversarii (Intertransversales)
  • Intertransversarii anteriores
  • Intertransversarii posteriores
  • Intertransversarii laterales
  • Intertransversarii mediales

• Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major)
• Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor)

• Obliquus capitis inferior (Obliquus inferior)
• Obliquus capitis superior (Obliquus superior)
• Suboccipital triangle
  Suboccipital triangle
  The suboccipital triangle is a region of the neck bounded by the following three muscles of the suboccipital group of muscles:* Rectus capitis posterior major - above and medially* Obliquus capitis superior - above and laterally...
  
  

• Intercostales (Intercostal muscles)
  • Intercostales externi (External intercostals)
    • anterior intercostal membranes
  • Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals)
    • posterior intercostal membranes
• Subcostales (Infracostales)
• Transversus thoracis (Triangularis sterni)
• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum breves

• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum longi
• Serratus posterior superior (Serratus posticus superior)
• Serratus posterior inferior (Serratus posticus inferior)
• Diaphragm
• Medial lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis medialis; internal arcuate ligament)

• Lateral lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis lateralis; external arcuate ligament)
• Crura
  Crus of diaphragm
  The crura of the diaphragm are tendinous structures that extend inferiorly from the diaphragm to attach to the vertebral column...
  
  
  • right crus
  • left crus

• Central tendon of diaphragm
• Openings in the Diaphragm
  • aortic hiatus
    Aortic hiatus
    The aortic hiatus is a hole in the human diaphragm. It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures.It is located approximately at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra .-Structure:...
    
    
  • esophageal hiatus
    Esophageal hiatus
    In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is a hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. It is located in the right crus of the diaphragm.It is located approximately at level of the tenth thoracic vertebra ....
    
    
  • vena caval foramen
  • lesser apertures

• Superficial fascia
  Superficial fascia
  Superficial fascia is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the sternum. It is mainly loose areolar connective tissue...
  
  
  • superficial layer (fascia of Camper
    Fascia of Camper
    The superficial layer is a thick superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes a varying quantity of adipose tissue. It is found superficial to Scarpa's fascia.....
    
    )
  • deep layer (fascia of Scarpa
    Fascia of Scarpa
    The deep layer is a layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is found deep to the Camper Fascia and superficial to the External Oblique muscle.-Anatomy:...
    
    )

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)
  • aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis
    Aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis
    The aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis is a thin but strong membranous structure, the fibers of which are directed downward and medially....
    
    
  • linea alba
  • inguinal ligament
    Inguinal ligament
    The inguinal ligament is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • lacunar ligament
    Lacunar ligament
    The lacunar ligament is a ligament in the inguinal region that connects the inguinal ligament to the pectineal ligament near the point where they both insert on the pubic tubercle.-Anatomy:...
    
    
  • reflected inguinal ligament
    Reflected inguinal ligament
    The reflected inguinal ligament is a layer of tendinous fibers of a triangular shape, formed by an expansion from the lacunar ligament and the inferior crus of the subcutaneous inguinal ring....
    
    
• Subcutaneous inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis subcutaneus; external abdominal ring)
  • crura of the ring
    • inferior crus (external pillar)
    • superior crus (internal pillar)
• Intercrural fibers
  Intercrural fibers
  The intercrural fibers are a series of curved tendinous fibers, which arch across the lower part of the aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus, describing curves with the convexities downward....
  
   (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)

• Intercrural fibers
  Intercrural fibers
  The intercrural fibers are a series of curved tendinous fibers, which arch across the lower part of the aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus, describing curves with the convexities downward....
  
   (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)
  • intercrural fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
    External spermatic fascia
    The external spermatic fascia is a thin membrane, prolonged downward around the surface of the spermatic cord and testis. It is separated from the dartos tunic by loose areolar tissue...
    
    
• Inguinal ligament
  Inguinal ligament
  The inguinal ligament is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients.-Anatomy:...
  
   (ligamentum inguinale; Poupart's ligament)

• Lacunar ligament
  Lacunar ligament
  The lacunar ligament is a ligament in the inguinal region that connects the inguinal ligament to the pectineal ligament near the point where they both insert on the pubic tubercle.-Anatomy:...
  
   (ligamentum lacunare [Gimbernati]; Gimbernat’s ligament)
• Reflected inguinal ligament
  Reflected inguinal ligament
  The reflected inguinal ligament is a layer of tendinous fibers of a triangular shape, formed by an expansion from the lacunar ligament and the inferior crus of the subcutaneous inguinal ring....
  
   (ligamentum inguinale reflexum; triangular fascia)
• Ligament of Cooper
• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)

• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)
  • inguinal aponeurotic falx

• Cremaster
  Cremaster muscle
  -Contraction:Its function is to raise and lower the testes in order to regulate the temperature of the testes and promote spermatogenesis. Contraction may also occur during arousal which can prevent injury to the testicles during sex....
  
  
  • cremasteric fascia
    Cremasteric fascia
    As the cremaster descends, it forms a series of loops which differ in thickness and length in different subjects. At the upper part of the cord the loops are short, but they become in succession longer and longer, the longest reaching down as low as the testis, where a few are inserted into the...
    
    
• Transversus abdominis (Transversalis muscle)
• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)

• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)
  • interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach
• Rectus abdominis

• Rectus abdominis
  • tendinous inscriptions
  • linea semicircularis
• Pyramidalis
  Pyramidalis muscle
  The pyramidalis is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath.-Attachments and actions:...
  
  

• Linea alba
  • adminiculum lineae albae
• Lineae semilunares

• Transversalis fascia
  Transversalis fascia
  The transversalis fascia is a thin aponeurotic membrane which lies between the inner surface of the Transversus abdominis and the extraperitoneal fascia....
  
  
  • deep crural arch
    Deep crural arch
    The iliopubic tract is a thickened band of fibers curving over the external iliac vessels, at the spot where they become femoral, on the abdominal side of the inguinal ligaments and loosely connected with it...
    
    
• abdominal inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis abdominis; internal or deep abdominal ring)
  • infundibuliform fascia
• Inguinal canal
  Inguinal canal
  The inguinal canal is a passage in the anterior abdominal wall which in men conveys the spermatic cord and in women the round ligament. The inguinal canal is larger and more prominent in men.-Site:...
  
   (canalis inguinalis; spermatic canal)
• Extraperitoneal connective tissue

• pelvic diaphragm
• Pelvic fascia
  Pelvic fascia
  The fascia of the pelvis may be resolved into:* the fascial sheaths of** the Obturator internus ** Piriformis ** pelvic diaphragm...
  
  
  • fascia of the Obturator internus
    Fascia of the Obturator internus
    The fascia of the Obturator internus covers the pelvic surface of, and is attached around the margin of the origin of, the muscle....
    
    

• Pelvic fascia
  Pelvic fascia
  The fascia of the pelvis may be resolved into:* the fascial sheaths of** the Obturator internus ** Piriformis ** pelvic diaphragm...
  
  
  • fascia of the Obturator internus
    Fascia of the Obturator internus
    The fascia of the Obturator internus covers the pelvic surface of, and is attached around the margin of the origin of, the muscle....
    
    
    • Alcock's canal
  • fascia of the Piriformis
    Fascia of the Piriformis
    The fascia of the Piriformis is very thin and is attached to the front of the sacrum and the sides of the greater sciatic foramen; it is prolonged on the muscle into the gluteal region....
    
    
  • diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia
    • anal fascia
      Anal fascia
      The diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia covers both surfaces of the Levatores ani. The inferior layer is known as the anal fascia; it is attached above to the obturator fascia along the line of origin of the Levator ani, while below it is continuous with the superior fascia of the urogenital...
      
      

• Pelvic fascia
  Pelvic fascia
  The fascia of the pelvis may be resolved into:* the fascial sheaths of** the Obturator internus ** Piriformis ** pelvic diaphragm...
  
  
  • tendinous arch or white line of the pelvic fascia
  • endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia
    Endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia
    The endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia is continued over the various pelvic viscera to form for the fibrous coverings.It is attached to the diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia along the tendinous arch, and has been subdivided in accordance with the viscera to which it is related:* Thus its...
    
    
    • vesical layer
    • rectovesical layer
    • rectal layer
• Levator ani
  Levator ani
  The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis.It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity....
  
  

• Levator ani
  Levator ani
  The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis.It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity....
  
  
  • Levator prostatae
  • Iliococcygeus
    • Iliosacralis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Puborectalis
  • Sphincter recti
• Coccygeus

• Deep fascia
  Deep fascia
  Deep fascia is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments....
  
  
• Ischiorectal fossa
  Ischiorectal fossa
  The ischioanal fossa is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the perineum, and its apex at the line of meeting of the obturator and anal fasciae.-Boundaries:...
  
   (fossa ischiorectalis)
• Corrugator cutis ani
• Sphincter ani externus (External sphincter ani)

• anococcygeal raphé
  Anococcygeal raphe
  The fibers of the Levator ani pass downward and backward to the middle line of the floor of the pelvis; the most posterior are inserted into the side of the last two segments of the coccyx; those placed more anteriorly unite with the muscle of the opposite side, in a median fibrous raphe, the...
  
  
• Sphincter ani internus (Internal sphincter ani)

• superficial layer of superficial fascia
• deep layer of superficial fascia (fascia of Colles)

• Central tendinous point of the perineum
• Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)

• Bulbocavernosus
  Bulbospongiosus muscle
  Bulbospongiosus is one of the superficial muscles of the perineum. It has a slightly different origin, insertion and function in males and females. In males, it covers the bulb of the penis...
  
   (Ejaculator urinæ; Accelerator urinæ)
• Ischiocavernosus (Erector penis)
• Deep fascia
  Deep fascia
  Deep fascia is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments....
  
  
• urogenital diaphragm
  Urogenital diaphragm
  Older texts have asserted the existence of an urogenital diaphragm, also called the triangular ligament, which was described as a layer of the pelvis that separates the deep perineal sac from the upper pelvis, lying between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm and superior fascia of the...
  
   (triangular ligament)
• inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

• superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
  Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
  The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is continuous with the obturator fascia and stretches across the pubic arch.If the obturator fascia be traced medially after leaving the Obturator internus muscle, it will be found attached by some of its deeper or anterior fibers to the inner margin...
  
  
• transverse ligament of the pelvis
• Transversus perinæi profundus
• Constrictor urethræ
• Sphincter urethræ membranaceæ

• Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)
• Bulbocavernosus
  Bulbospongiosus muscle
  Bulbospongiosus is one of the superficial muscles of the perineum. It has a slightly different origin, insertion and function in males and females. In males, it covers the bulb of the penis...
  
   (Sphincter vaginæ)
• Ischiocavernosus (Erector clitoridis)
• fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column

Vertebral column

In human anatomy, the vertebral column is a column usually consisting of 24 articulating vertebrae, and 9 fused vertebrae in the sacrum and the coccyx. It is situated in the dorsal aspect of the torso, separated by intervertebral discs...

 

• axillary arch
• lumbar triangle of Petit
• triangle of ausculation
• Rhomboideus major
• Rhomboideus minor

The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls 

• Pectoral fascia
  Pectoral fascia
  The pectoral fascia is a thin lamina, covering the surface of the Pectoralis major, and sending numerous prolongations between its fasciculi: it is attached, in the middle line, to the front of the sternum; above, to the clavicle; laterally and below it is continuous with the fascia of the...
  
  
  • axillary fascia
    Axillary fascia
    The pectoral fascia is very thin over the upper part of the Pectoralis major, but thicker in the interval between it and the Latissimus dorsi, where it closes in the axillary space and forms the axillary fascia. Axillary fascia, together with the skin, forms the base of the axilla....
    
    
  • suspensory ligament of the axilla
• Pectoralis major

• Pectoralis major
  • Costocoracoideus
  • Chondro-epitrochlearis
  • Sternalis
    Sternalis
    Sternalis, in front of the sternal end of the Pectoralis major parallel to the margin of the sternum. It is supplied by the anterior thoracic nerves and is probably a misplaced part of the pectoralis....
    
    
• Coracoclavicular fascia (fascia coracoclavicularis; costocoracoid membrane; clavipectoral fascia
  Clavipectoral fascia
  The clavipectoral fascia is a strong fascia situated under cover of the clavicular portion of the Pectoralis major....
  
  )
  • costocoracoid ligament

• Pectoralis minor
  • Pectoralis minimus
• Subclavius
• Serratus anterior (Serratus magnus)

• Subscapular fascia (fascia subscapularis)
• Subscapularis
• Supraspinatous fascia
  Supraspinatous fascia
  The supraspinatous fascia completes the osseofibrous case in which the supraspinatus muscle is contained; it affords attachment, by its deep surface, to some of the fibers of the muscle....
  
   (fascia supraspinata)
• Supraspinatus

• Infraspinatous fascia
  Infraspinatous fascia
  The infraspinatous fascia is a dense fibrous membrane, covering the Infraspinatous muscle and fixed to the circumference of the infraspinatous fossa; it affords attachment, by its deep surface, to some fibers of that muscle....
  
   (fascia infraspinata)
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor

• Brachial fascia
  Brachial fascia
  The brachial Fascia is continuous with that covering the Deltoideus and the Pectoralis major, by means of which it is attached, above, to the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula; it forms a thin, loose, membranous sheath for the muscles of the arm, and sends septa between them; it is...
  
   (fascia brachii; deep fascia of the arm)
• lateral intermuscular septum
• medial intermuscular septum

• lacertus fibrosus (bicipital fascia)
• Brachialis (Brachialis anticus)
• Triceps brachii (Triceps; Triceps extensor cubiti)
• tendon of the Triceps brachii

• triangular space
  Triangular space
  The triangular space is an axillary space....
  
  
• quadrangular space
  Quadrangular space
  The quadrangular space is an axillary space in the arm. This is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm. In the quadrangular space, the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery can be compressed or damaged in the space due to space occupying lesions or disruption in the...
  
  
• Variations
  • Subanconæus

• vincula tendina
  Vincula tendina
  Within each osseo-aponeurotic canal the tendons of the Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus are connected to each other, and to the phalanges, by slender, tendinous bands, called vincula tendina...
  
  
  • vincula brevia
  • vincula longa
• Flexor pollicis longus
• Pronator quadratus
  Pronator quadratus
  Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate the hand.As it is on the anterior side of the arm, it is innervated by a branch of the median nerve, the anterior interosseous nerve...
  
  

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (Extensor carpi radialis longior)
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis (Extensor carpi radialis brevior)
• Extensor digitorum communis

• Extensor digiti quinti proprius (Extensor minimi digiti)
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Anconæus

• Abductor pollicis longus (Extensor oss. metacarpi pollicis)
• Extensor pollicis brevis (Extensor primi internodii pollicis)
• Extensor pollicis longus (Extensor secundi internodii pollicis)

• thenar eminence
  Thenar eminence
  The thenar eminence refers to the group of muscles on the palm of the human hand at the base of the thumb...
  
  
• hypothenar eminence
  Hypothenar eminence
  Hypothenar refers to a group of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger.The three muscles are:* Abductor digiti minimi* Flexor digiti minimi brevis* Opponens digiti minimi-Muscles:...
  
  
• Volar carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi volare)
• Transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum; anterior annular ligament)

• Mucous sheaths of wrist
  Wrist
  In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand;...
  
  
  • Common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons
    Common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons
    The common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons or the ulnar bursa is a synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel.It contains tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus, but not the flexor pollicis longus....
    
    

• Dorsal carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi dorsale; posterior annular ligament)

• Abductor pollicis brevis (Abductor pollicis)
• Opponens pollicis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• first interosseous volaris

• Adductor pollicis (obliquus) (Adductor obliquus pollicis)
• Adductor pollicis (transversus) (Adductor transversus pollicis)

• Palmaris brevis
• Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

• Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor brevis minimi digiti)
• Opponens digiti quinti (Opponens minimi digiti)

• Lumbricales
  Lumbricals of the hand
  The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.-Structure:There are four of these small, worm-like muscles on each hand. These muscles are unusual in that they do not attach to bone...
  
  
• Interossei dorsales (Dorsal interossei)
• Abductor indicis

• Interossei volares (Palmar interossei)
• Interosseus volaris primus

• Fascia Covering the Psoas and Iliacus
  • portion covering the Psoas
  • portions investing the Iliacus (fascia iliaca; iliac fascia
    Iliac fascia
    The iliac fascia is a fascia in the pelvic area of the human body.It has the following connections:* laterally, to the whole length of the inner lip of the iliac crest....
    
    )
  • iliopectineal fascia

• Psoas major (Psoas magnus)
• Psoas minor (Psoas parvus)
• Iliacus

• Superficial fascia
  Superficial fascia
  Superficial fascia is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the sternum. It is mainly loose areolar connective tissue...
  
  
  • fossa ovalis
    Saphenous opening
    The saphenous opening is an oval opening in the superomedial part of the fascia lata, lies 3–4 cm inferolateral to the pubic tubercle. It is about 3 cm long and 1.5 cm wide.-Description:...
    
     (saphenous opening)
  • fascia cribrosa
    Fascia cribrosa
    The portion of fascia covering the fossa ovalis in the thigh is perforated by the great saphenous vein and by numerous blood and lymphatic vessels, hence it has been termed the fascia cribrosa , the openings for these vessels having been likened to the holes in a sieve.-Clinical significance:It has...
    
    
• Deep fascia
  Deep fascia
  Deep fascia is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments....
  
  
  • fascia lata
    Fascia lata
    -Thickness:It is an investment for the whole of the thigh, but varies in thickness in different parts.Thus, it is thicker in the upper and lateral part of the thigh, where it receives a fibrous expansion from the Glutæus maximus, and where the Tensor fasciæ latæ is inserted between its layers; it...
    
    
  • iliotibial band (tractus iliotibialis)

• Fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
  • superficial portion of the fascia lata
    Fascia lata
    -Thickness:It is an investment for the whole of the thigh, but varies in thickness in different parts.Thus, it is thicker in the upper and lateral part of the thigh, where it receives a fibrous expansion from the Glutæus maximus, and where the Tensor fasciæ latæ is inserted between its layers; it...
    
    
    • falciform margin
      • superior cornu
      • inferior cornu
  • deep portion

• Sartorius
  Sartorius muscle
  The Sartorius muscle – the longest muscle in the human body – is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle.-Origin and insertion:...
  
  
• Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus)

• Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
  • Vastus medialis
    Vastus medialis
    The vastus medialis , often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps.-Function:The vasti appear to act largely in a co-ordinated manner throughout the control of knee extension...
    
     (Vastus internus)
  • Vastus intermedius (Crureus)
• tendons
  • prepatellar bursa
    Prepatellar bursa
    The prepatellar bursa is a frontal bursa of the knee joint. It is a superficial bursa with a thin synovial lining located between the skin and the patella.-Pathology:...
    
    
• Articularis genu (Subcrureus)

• Tensor fasciæ latæ (Tensor fasciæ femoris)
• Piriformis
• Obturator membrane
  Obturator membrane
  The obturator membrane is a thin fibrous sheet, which almost completely closes the obturator foramen.Its fibers are arranged in interlacing bundles mainly transverse in direction; the uppermost bundle is attached to the obturator tubercles and completes the obturator canal for the passage of the...
  
  

• Obturator internus
• Gemelli
  • Gemellus superior
  • Gemellus inferior
• Quadratus femoris
• Obturator externus

• Deep fascia
  Deep fascia
  Deep fascia is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments....
  
   (fascia cruris)
  • anterior and posterior peroneal septa
  • deep transverse fascia of the leg
• Tibialis anterior (Tibialis anticus)
  • Tibiofascialis anterior

• Extensor hallucis longus (Extensor proprius hallucis)
  • Extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis
• Extensor digitorum longus

• Soleus
• Triceps suræ
  Triceps surae
  The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus...
  
  
• Tendo calcaneus (tendo Achillis)
• Plantaris

• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Tibialis posterior (Tibialis posticus)

• Transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris; upper part of anterior annular ligament)
• Cruciate crural ligament
  Cruciate crural ligament
  The inferior extensor retinaculum of the foot is a Y-shaped band placed in front of the ankle-joint, the stem of the Y being attached laterally to the upper surface of the calcaneus, in front of the depression for the interosseous talocalcanean ligament; it is directed medialward as a double...
  
   (ligamentum cruciatum cruris; lower part of anterior annular ligament)

• Laciniate ligament
  Laciniate ligament
  The laciniate ligament is a strong fibrous band, extending from the tibial malleolus above to the margin of the calcaneus below, converting a series of bony grooves in this situation into canals for the passage of the tendons of the Flexor muscles and the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve...
  
   (ligamentum laciniatum; internal annular ligament)
• Peroneal retinacula
  Peroneal retinacula
  The peroneal retinacula are fibrous bands which bind down the tendons of the Peronæi longus and brevis as they run across the lateral side of the ankle....
  
  
  • superior retinaculum (external annular ligament)
  • inferior retinaculum
• Mucous sheaths of the Tendons Around the Ankle

• Dorsal muscle of the foot
  Foot
  The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws...
  
  
• Extensor digitorum brevis
  • congenital disorder
    Congenital disorder
    A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life , regardless of causation...
    
     Extensor digitorum brevis muscle in sole of the foot
• Extensor hallucis brevis
• Plantar muscles of the foot
  Foot
  The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws...
  
  
• Plantar aponeurosis (aponeurosis plantaris; plantar fascia
  Plantar fascia
  The plantar fascia is the thick connective tissue which supports the arch on the bottom of the foot. It runs from the tuberosity of the calcaneus forward to the heads of the metatarsal bones .The often painful condition plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory condition of the plantar...
  
  )

• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum brevis
  • congenital disorder
    Congenital disorder
    A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life , regardless of causation...
    
     Flexor digitorum brevis muscle in back of the foot

• Abductor digiti quinti
  Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)
  The Abductor digiti minimi is a muscle which lies along the lateral border of the foot, and is in relation by its medial margin with the lateral plantar vessels and nerves....
  
   (Abductor minimi digiti)

• Quadratus plantæ (Flexor accessorius)
• Lumbricales
  Lumbrical muscle (foot)
  The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the foot; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first.The muscles end in...
  
  

• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis (Adductor obliquus hallucis)

• Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (foot))
• Opponens digiti quinti

• Interossei
  Interossei
  Interossei refer to muscles between certain bones. There are many interossei in a human body. Specific interossei include:-On the hands:* Dorsal interossei muscles of the hand* Palmar interossei muscles-On the feet:...
  
  
• Interossei dorsales (Dorsal interossei muscles (foot))
• Interossei plantares (Plantar interossei)

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy